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use super::*;
impl CodeGenerator {
pub(crate) fn generate_print(&mut self, value: &Expr, without_newline: bool) {
self.uses_io = true;
// `Print origin.` / `Print span's start.` - a whole thing prints as
// its fields, map-style and recursive (plan 310 §7). This precedes
// the match because both spellings otherwise fall to arms that would
// print the first eight bytes of the thing's storage as a number.
if let Some((thing, place)) = self.thing_place(value) {
self.emit_thing_print(&thing, &place, 0);
if !without_newline {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_NEWLINE");
}
return;
}
match value {
Expr::FormatString { parts } => {
// Print each part of the format string
for part in parts {
match part {
FormatPart::Literal(s) => {
let label = self.add_string(s);
self.emit_indent(&format!("PRINT_STR {}, {}_len", label, label));
}
FormatPart::Variable { name, format } => {
// `"{origin}"` renders the thing exactly as
// `Print origin.` does (plan 310 §7): the same
// emission, straight into the same stream.
if let Some((thing, place)) =
self.thing_place(&Expr::Identifier(name.clone()))
{
self.emit_thing_print(&thing, &place, 0);
continue;
}
let var_type: Option<VarType> = match self.resolve_format_variable(name) {
FormatPartValue::Loaded(t) => {
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
t
}
FormatPartValue::Literal(s) => {
let label = self.add_string(&s);
self.emit_indent(&format!("PRINT_STR {}, {}_len", label, label));
continue;
}
FormatPartValue::Unknown => {
let placeholder = format!("{{{}}}", name);
let label = self.add_string(&placeholder);
self.emit_indent(&format!("PRINT_STR {}, {}_len", label, label));
continue;
}
};
// Parse format spec and emit formatted value.
// Buffer: use PRINT_BUF with the struct pointer (length-bounded,
// avoids the NUL-scan stale-byte bug). For all other types, rdi
// already holds the correct value/pointer.
if var_type == Some(VarType::Mixed) {
// Heterogeneous-list element or `value`:
// dispatch on its runtime tag (local shadow
// slot, or a top-level `value` global's BSS
// mirror). Format specs are parsed but only
// the default spec is honored for now.
if let Some(loc) =
self.mixed_element_tag_slot(&Expr::Identifier(name.clone()))
{
self.emit_indent(&format!(
"movzx r11, byte {} ; element's runtime type tag",
loc.operand()
));
self.emit_mixed_print_dispatch("r11");
} else {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_INT rdi");
}
} else if var_type == Some(VarType::Buffer) {
let fmt_spec = self.parse_format_spec(format.as_deref());
if fmt_spec.width.is_none() && matches!(fmt_spec.base, IntegerBase::Decimal) && fmt_spec.precision.is_none() {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_BUF rdi");
} else {
// Format spec: value is formatted as a number, so point
// rdi at the data area so the formatter reads the string.
self.emit_indent(&format!(
"add rdi, {} ; buffer data area (header is {} bytes)",
BUF_DATA_OFFSET, BUF_DATA_OFFSET
));
self.emit_formatted_value(var_type, fmt_spec);
}
} else if var_type == Some(VarType::List) {
// Whole-list interpolation: rdi holds the list
// pointer; _list_print renders [elem, elem, ...].
// Format specs on a list are not honored (out of
// scope for stage 000 - the default rendering only).
self.uses_lists = true;
self.emit_indent("call _list_print");
} else if var_type == Some(VarType::Map) {
// Whole-map interpolation: rdi holds the map
// pointer; _map_print renders {"k": v, ...}.
// (stage 1e2)
self.uses_maps = true;
self.emit_indent("call _map_print");
} else {
let fmt_spec = self.parse_format_spec(format.as_deref());
self.emit_formatted_value(var_type, fmt_spec);
}
}
FormatPart::Expression { expr, format } => {
// `"{span's start}"` - a chain ending on a nested
// thing names the whole thing, and renders as one.
if let Some((thing, place)) = self.thing_place(expr) {
self.emit_thing_print(&thing, &place, 0);
continue;
}
let expr_type = self.infer_expr_type(expr);
let fmt_spec = self.parse_format_spec(format.as_deref());
// A bare `nothing` literal interpolated into a
// format string renders `nothing` (it would else
// infer as Integer and print `0`). A `value`/
// mixed expression that *holds* nothing is
// already handled by the mixed dispatch below
// via VarType::Mixed; this is only for the literal
// itself. (stage 1e3)
if matches!(expr.as_ref(), Expr::NothingLit) {
let label = self.add_string("nothing");
self.emit_indent(&format!("PRINT_STR {}, {}_len", label, label));
} else if expr_type == Some(VarType::Buffer) {
// For buffer expressions: generate the struct pointer,
// not the data-area pointer - PRINT_BUF reads its own
// length from the struct, so it needs the base pointer.
self.generate_expr(expr);
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
if fmt_spec.width.is_none() && matches!(fmt_spec.base, IntegerBase::Decimal) && fmt_spec.precision.is_none() {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_BUF rdi");
} else {
// Format spec present: adjust to data area for
// the NUL-scanned formatter.
self.emit_indent(&format!("add rdi, {} ; buffer data area", BUF_DATA_OFFSET));
self.emit_formatted_value(expr_type, fmt_spec);
}
} else if expr_type == Some(VarType::Map) {
// Map expression interpolation: rdi holds the map
// pointer; _map_print renders it. (stage 1e2)
self.generate_expr(expr);
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
self.uses_maps = true;
self.emit_indent("call _map_print");
} else {
// Non-buffer: generate_cstr_expr adds +24 for buffer
// (irrelevant here), then falls through to normal path.
self.generate_cstr_expr(expr);
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
self.emit_formatted_value(expr_type, fmt_spec);
}
}
}
}
if !without_newline {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_NEWLINE");
}
return;
}
// A string literal prints its own bytes, unconditionally - its
// content is never resolved against a same-spelled variable or
// global constant (BUGS_FOUND #19). The `emit_global_constant_-
// format_fallback` call this arm used to make on `s` was the
// same violation through a second mechanism: `s` is data that
// happens to have been typed by the author, not a name lookup
// key, even when it coincides with a folded top-level constant's
// name.
Expr::StringLit(s) => {
let label = self.add_string(s);
self.emit_indent(&format!("PRINT_STR {}, {}_len", label, label));
}
Expr::IntegerLit(n) => {
self.emit_indent(&format!("mov rdi, {}", n));
self.emit_indent("PRINT_INT rdi");
}
Expr::FloatLit(n) => {
let label = self.add_float(*n);
self.emit_indent(&format!("FLOAT_LOAD {}", label));
self.emit_indent("PRINT_FLOAT");
self.uses_floats = true;
}
// `print nothing.` — the literal null (stage 1e3, tag 6). It
// would otherwise fall to the catch-all (infer_expr_type maps it
// to Integer) and print `0`, so handle it explicitly. Inside a
// list/map slot or a `value`, the mixed print dispatch already
// renders `nothing`; this arm is for a bare literal argument.
Expr::NothingLit => {
let label = self.add_string("nothing");
self.emit_indent(&format!("PRINT_STR {}, {}_len", label, label));
}
Expr::Identifier(name)
if self.get_var(name).is_some()
|| self.global_var_label(name).is_some()
|| name == "_iter" =>
{
if self.emit_load_named_var_into_rax(name) {
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
let var_type = self.variable_types.get(name).cloned();
match var_type {
Some(VarType::Mixed) => {
if let Some(loc) = self.mixed_element_tag_slot(value) {
self.emit_indent(&format!(
"movzx r11, byte {} ; element's runtime type tag",
loc.operand()
));
self.emit_mixed_print_dispatch("r11");
} else {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_INT rdi");
}
}
Some(VarType::Buffer) => {
// Dynamic buffer - PRINT_BUF reads length/data directly
// from the struct, no NUL-scan needed
self.emit_indent("PRINT_BUF rdi");
}
Some(VarType::String) => {
// Raw string pointer (from lists, etc.)
self.emit_indent("PRINT_CSTR rdi");
}
Some(VarType::Float) => {
self.emit_indent("movq xmm0, rdi");
self.emit_indent("PRINT_FLOAT");
self.uses_floats = true;
}
Some(VarType::List) => {
// Whole-list print: rdi holds the list pointer;
// _list_print walks the slots and renders
// [elem, elem, ...] with per-tag dispatch.
self.uses_lists = true;
self.emit_indent("call _list_print");
}
Some(VarType::Map) => {
// Whole-map print: rdi holds the map pointer;
// _map_print walks the entries and renders
// {"key": value, ...} with per-tag dispatch.
// (stage 1e2)
self.uses_maps = true;
self.emit_indent("call _map_print");
}
_ => {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_INT rdi");
}
}
} else if name == "_iter" {
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
self.emit_indent("PRINT_INT rdi");
}
}
Expr::ElementAccess { list, .. } => {
// Get the list's element type for proper printing. For a
// named list this is the recorded element type; for a list
// literal it is the literal's homogeneous element type (or
// Mixed if the literal is heterogeneous); for any other
// mixed list expression (e.g. a chained `element 2 of
// element 2 of deep`) the elements are runtime-tagged, so
// `generate_expr` left the slot's tag in r11 and we dispatch
// on it (stage 1e1).
let elem_type = if let Expr::Identifier(name) = list.as_ref() {
// A list parameter (or any list with no proven element
// type) stores a per-slot runtime tag, so dispatch on it
// rather than defaulting to PRINT_INT — see
// `list_expr_is_mixed`. `generate_expr` left that tag in
// r11 for this same unknown-element case.
match self.list_element_types.get(name) {
None | Some(&VarType::Mixed) | Some(&VarType::Unknown) => {
Some(VarType::Mixed)
}
Some(other) => Some(other.clone()),
}
} else if let Expr::ListLit { elements } = list.as_ref() {
if self.list_expr_is_mixed(list) {
Some(VarType::Mixed)
} else if let Some(first) = elements.first() {
match first {
Expr::IntegerLit(_) => Some(VarType::Integer),
Expr::FloatLit(_) => Some(VarType::Float),
Expr::StringLit(_) => Some(VarType::String),
// A format string always materializes text
// (bug #17); `element N of <literal>` on a list
// literal never carried that arm (bug #39).
Expr::FormatString { .. } => Some(VarType::String),
Expr::BoolLit(_) => Some(VarType::Boolean),
Expr::ListLit { .. } => Some(VarType::List),
Expr::MapLit { .. } => Some(VarType::Map),
_ => None,
}
} else {
None
}
} else if self.list_expr_is_mixed(list) {
Some(VarType::Mixed)
} else {
None
};
self.generate_expr(value);
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
match elem_type {
Some(VarType::Mixed) => {
// generate_expr left the slot's type tag in r11
// (captured immediately - nothing can clobber it
// between the element load and this dispatch).
self.emit_mixed_print_dispatch("r11");
}
Some(VarType::List) => {
// A homogeneous list-of-lists: rdi already holds the
// child list pointer, so recurse into `_list_print`
// (stage 1e1).
self.emit_indent("call _list_print");
self.uses_lists = true;
}
Some(VarType::Map) => {
// A homogeneous list-of-maps: rdi already holds the
// child map pointer, so recurse into `_map_print`
// (stage 1e2).
self.emit_indent("call _map_print");
self.uses_maps = true;
}
Some(VarType::String) => {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_CSTR rdi");
}
Some(VarType::Float) => {
self.emit_indent("movq xmm0, rdi");
self.emit_indent("PRINT_FLOAT");
self.uses_floats = true;
}
_ => {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_INT rdi");
}
}
}
Expr::MapAccess { .. } => {
// A map value read leaves its runtime tag in r11 (mirroring
// ElementAccess), so dispatch on it immediately. The map's
// value may be any tagged type (stage 1e2).
self.generate_expr(value);
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
self.uses_maps = true;
self.emit_mixed_print_dispatch("r11");
}
_ => {
let is_float = self.is_float_expr(value);
let expr_type = self.infer_expr_type(value);
// A value carrying a runtime tag - `mixed's first`/`last`, a
// mixed element read, or a `value`-returning call - must be
// rendered by that tag, not by its static type. The tag is only
// valid until the next call or syscall, so capture it here.
let tag_source = self.runtime_tag_source(value);
self.generate_expr(value);
if let Some(src) = tag_source {
if let Some(operand) = src.shadow_operand() {
self.emit_indent(&format!(
"movzx r11, byte {} ; value tag (shadow slot)", operand
));
}
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
self.emit_mixed_print_dispatch("r11");
} else if is_float {
self.emit_indent("movq xmm0, rax");
self.emit_indent("PRINT_FLOAT");
self.uses_floats = true;
} else {
self.emit_indent("mov rdi, rax");
if matches!(expr_type, Some(VarType::String)) {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_CSTR rdi");
} else if matches!(expr_type, Some(VarType::List)) {
// A bare list literal, or `first`/`last` of a
// homogeneous list-of-lists: rdi holds a list pointer,
// so recurse into `_list_print` (stage 1e1).
self.emit_indent("call _list_print");
self.uses_lists = true;
} else if matches!(expr_type, Some(VarType::Map)) {
// A bare map literal: rdi holds a map pointer, so
// recurse into `_map_print` (stage 1e2).
self.emit_indent("call _map_print");
self.uses_maps = true;
} else {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_INT rdi");
}
}
}
}
if !without_newline {
self.emit_indent("PRINT_NEWLINE");
}
}
}