vexide-async 0.2.0

//! Task-local storage
//!
//! Task-local storage is a way to create global variables specific to the current task that live
//! for the entirety of the task's lifetime, almost like statics. Since they are local to the task,
//! they implement [`Send`] and [`Sync`], regardless of what the underlying data does or does not
//! implement.
//!
//! Task-locals can be declared using the [`task_local`] macro, which creates a [`LocalKey`] with
//! the same name that can be used to access the local.

use std::{
    any::Any,
    boxed::Box,
    cell::{BorrowError, BorrowMutError, Cell, RefCell, UnsafeCell},
    collections::btree_map::BTreeMap,
    ptr,
    rc::Rc,
    sync::{
        LazyLock,
        atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering},
    },
};

use crate::executor::EXECUTOR;

/// A variable stored in task-local storage.
///
/// # Usage
///
/// The primary mode of accessing this is through the [`LocalKey::with`] method. For
/// [`LocalKey<RefCell<T>>`] and [`LocalKey<Cell<T>>`], additional convenience methods are added
/// that mirror the underlying [`RefCell<T>`] or [`Cell<T>`]'s methods.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
///
/// use vexide::prelude::*;
///
/// task_local! {
///     static PHI: f64 = 1.61803;
///     static COUNTER: Cell<u32> = Cell::new(0);
///     static NAMES: RefCell<Vec<String>> = RefCell::new(Vec::new());
/// }
///
/// #[vexide::main]
/// async fn main(_peripherals: Peripherals) {
///     // LocalKey::with accepts a function and applies it to a reference, returning whatever value
///     // the function returned
///     let double_phi = PHI.with(|&phi| phi * 2.0);
///     assert_eq!(double_phi, 1.61803 * 2.0);
///
///     // We can use interior mutability
///     COUNTER.set(1);
///     assert_eq!(COUNTER.get(), 1);
///
///     NAMES.with_borrow_mut(|names| names.push(String::from("Johnny")));
///     NAMES.with_borrow(|names| assert_eq!(names.len(), 1));
///
///     // Creating another task
///     spawn(async {
///         // The locals of the previous task are completely different.
///         assert_eq!(COUNTER.get(), 0);
///         NAMES.with_borrow(|names| assert_eq!(names.len(), 0));
///     })
///     .await;
/// }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct LocalKey<T: 'static> {
    init: fn() -> T,
    key: LazyLock<u32>,
}

unsafe impl<T> Sync for LocalKey<T> {}
unsafe impl<T> Send for LocalKey<T> {}

/// Declares task-local variables in [`LocalKey`]s of the same names.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
///
/// use vexide::prelude::*;
///
/// task_local! {
///     static PHI: f64 = 1.61803;
///     static COUNTER: Cell<u32> = Cell::new(0);
///     static NAMES: RefCell<Vec<String>> = RefCell::new(Vec::new());
/// }
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! task_local {
    {
        $(#[$attr:meta])*
        $vis:vis static $name:ident: $type:ty = $init:expr;
    } => {
        $(#[$attr])*
        // publicly reexported in crate::task
        $vis static $name: $crate::task::LocalKey<$type> = {
            fn init() -> $type { $init }
            $crate::task::LocalKey::new(init)
        };
    };

    {
        $(#[$attr:meta])*
        $vis:vis static $name:ident: $type:ty = $init:expr;
        $($rest:tt)*
    } => {
        $crate::task_local!($vis static $name: $type = $init;);
        $crate::task_local!($($rest)*);
    }
}
pub use task_local;

impl<T: 'static> LocalKey<T> {
    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const fn new(init: fn() -> T) -> Self {
        static LOCAL_KEY_COUNTER: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);

        Self {
            init,
            key: LazyLock::new(|| LOCAL_KEY_COUNTER.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed)),
        }
    }

    /// Obtains a reference to the local and applies it to the function `f`, returning whatever `f`
    /// returned.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use vexide::task::task_local;
    ///
    /// task_local! {
    ///     static PHI: f64 = 1.61803;
    /// }
    ///
    /// let double_phi = PHI.with(|&phi| phi * 2.0);
    /// assert_eq!(double_phi, 1.61803 * 2.0);
    /// ```
    pub fn with<F, R>(&'static self, f: F) -> R
    where
        F: FnOnce(&T) -> R,
    {
        TaskLocalStorage::with_current(|storage| {
            // SAFETY: get_or_init is always called with the same return type, T
            // Also, `key` is unique for this local key.
            f(unsafe { storage.get_or_init(*self.key, self.init) })
        })
    }
}

impl<T: 'static> LocalKey<Cell<T>> {
    /// Returns a copy of the contained value.
    pub fn get(&'static self) -> T
    where
        T: Copy,
    {
        self.with(Cell::get)
    }

    /// Sets the contained value.
    pub fn set(&'static self, value: T) {
        self.with(|cell| cell.set(value));
    }

    /// Takes the value of contained value, leaving [`Default::default()`] in its place.
    pub fn take(&'static self) -> T
    where
        T: Default,
    {
        self.with(Cell::take)
    }

    /// Replaces the contained value with `value`, returning the old contained value.
    pub fn replace(&'static self, value: T) -> T {
        self.with(|cell| cell.replace(value))
    }
}

impl<T: 'static> LocalKey<RefCell<T>> {
    /// Immutably borrows from the [`RefCell`] and applies the obtained reference to `f`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the value is currently mutably borrowed. For a non-panicking variant, use
    /// [`LocalKey::try_with_borrow`].
    pub fn with_borrow<F, R>(&'static self, f: F) -> R
    where
        F: FnOnce(&T) -> R,
    {
        self.with(|cell| f(&cell.borrow()))
    }

    /// Mutably borrows from the [`RefCell`] and applies the obtained reference to `f`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the value is currently borrowed. For a non-panicking variant, use
    /// [`LocalKey::try_with_borrow_mut`].
    pub fn with_borrow_mut<F, R>(&'static self, f: F) -> R
    where
        F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> R,
    {
        self.with(|cell| f(&mut cell.borrow_mut()))
    }

    /// Tries to immutably borrow the contained value, returning an error if it is currently
    /// mutably borrowed, and applies the obtained reference to `f`.
    ///
    /// This is the non-panicking variant of [`LocalKey::with_borrow`].
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns [`BorrowError`] if the contained value is currently mutably borrowed.
    pub fn try_with_borrow<F, R>(&'static self, f: F) -> Result<R, BorrowError>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&T) -> R,
    {
        self.with(|cell| cell.try_borrow().map(|value| f(&value)))
    }

    /// Tries to mutably borrow the contained value, returning an error if it is currently borrowed,
    /// and applies the obtained reference to `f`.
    ///
    /// This is the non-panicking variant of [`LocalKey::with_borrow_mut`].
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns [`BorrowMutError`] if the contained value is currently borrowed.
    pub fn try_with_borrow_mut<F, R>(&'static self, f: F) -> Result<R, BorrowMutError>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&T) -> R,
    {
        self.with(|cell| cell.try_borrow_mut().map(|value| f(&value)))
    }

    /// Sets the contained value.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the value is currently borrowed.
    pub fn set(&'static self, value: T) {
        self.with_borrow_mut(|refmut| *refmut = value);
    }

    /// Takes the contained value, leaving [`Default::default()`] in its place.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the value is currently borrowed.
    pub fn take(&'static self) -> T
    where
        T: Default,
    {
        self.with(RefCell::take)
    }

    /// Replaces the contained value with `value`, returning the old contained value.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the value is currently borrowed.
    pub fn replace(&'static self, value: T) -> T {
        self.with(|cell| cell.replace(value))
    }
}

struct ErasedTaskLocal {
    value: Box<dyn Any>,
}

impl ErasedTaskLocal {
    #[doc(hidden)]
    fn new<T: 'static>(value: T) -> Self {
        Self {
            value: Box::new(value),
        }
    }

    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// Caller guarantees T is the right type
    unsafe fn get<T: 'static>(&self) -> &T {
        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
            self.value.downcast_ref().unwrap()
        } else {
            unsafe { &*ptr::from_ref(&*self.value).cast() }
        }
    }
}

// Fallback TLS block for when reading from outside of a task.
thread_local! {
    static FALLBACK_TLS: TaskLocalStorage = const { TaskLocalStorage::new() };
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) struct TaskLocalStorage {
    locals: UnsafeCell<BTreeMap<u32, ErasedTaskLocal>>,
}

impl TaskLocalStorage {
    pub(crate) const fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            locals: UnsafeCell::new(BTreeMap::new()),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn scope(value: Rc<TaskLocalStorage>, scope: impl FnOnce()) {
        let outer_scope = EXECUTOR.with(|ex| (*ex.tls.borrow_mut()).replace(value));

        scope();

        EXECUTOR.with(|ex| {
            *ex.tls.borrow_mut() = outer_scope;
        });
    }

    /// Gets the Task Local Storage data for the current task.
    pub(crate) fn with_current<F, R>(f: F) -> R
    where
        F: FnOnce(&Self) -> R,
    {
        EXECUTOR.with(|ex| {
            if let Some(tls) = ex.tls.borrow().as_ref() {
                f(tls)
            } else {
                FALLBACK_TLS.with(|fallback| f(fallback))
            }
        })
    }

    /// Gets a reference to the Task Local Storage item identified by the given key.
    ///
    /// It is invalid to call this function multiple times with the same key and a different `T`.
    pub(crate) unsafe fn get_or_init<T: 'static>(&self, key: u32, init: fn() -> T) -> &T {
        // We need to be careful to not make mutable references to values already inserted into the
        // map because the current task might have existing shared references to that data. It's
        // okay if the pointer (ErasedTaskLocal) gets moved around, we just can't assert invalid
        // exclusive access over its contents.

        let locals = self.locals.get();
        unsafe {
            // init() could initialize another task local recursively, so we need to be sure there's
            // no mutable reference to `self.locals` when we call it. We can't use the
            // entry API because of this.

            #[expect(
                clippy::map_entry,
                reason = "cannot hold mutable reference over init() call"
            )]
            if !(*locals).contains_key(&key) {
                let new_value = ErasedTaskLocal::new(init());
                (*locals).insert(key, new_value);
            }

            (*locals).get(&key).unwrap().get()
        }
    }
}