vcon 0.4.0

//! Reading and checking a vCon: which form it is in, whether it is
//! gzipped, its uuid, and whether it needs extensions the caller does not
//! support. [`inspect`] does no I/O and returns no bytes.
//!
//! [`Inspection`], [`Limits`] and [`Rejection`] are `#[non_exhaustive]`, so
//! a later release can add a field or a refusal without breaking a caller.
//! A caller reads an [`Inspection`] but does not build one:
//!
//! ```compile_fail,E0639
//! let found = vcon::read::Inspection {
//!     form: vcon::Form::Unsigned,
//!     gzip: false,
//!     uuid: "01a07da8-c2bb-83e5-b9a2-279e0d16bc46".parse().unwrap(),
//! };
//! ```
//!
//! makes [`Limits`] with [`Limits::new`]:
//!
//! ```compile_fail,E0639
//! let limits = vcon::read::Limits { inflated: 1 << 20 };
//! ```
//!
//! and, matching a [`Rejection`], has an arm for refusals it does not name:
//!
//! ```compile_fail,E0004
//! fn named(r: &vcon::read::Rejection) -> &'static str {
//!     use vcon::read::Rejection::*;
//!     match r {
//!         TooLarge => "too-large", TooDeep => "too-deep", BadGzip => "bad-gzip",
//!         NotJson => "not-json", DuplicateKey => "duplicate", AmbiguousForm => "ambiguous",
//!         NoForm => "no-form", MissingUuid => "missing-uuid", BadUuid => "bad-uuid",
//!         MissingCreatedAt => "missing-created-at", BadPayload => "bad-payload",
//!         UuidMismatch => "uuid-mismatch", BadCritical => "bad-critical",
//!         UnsupportedCritical(_) => "unsupported",
//!     }
//! }
//! ```

use std::collections::BTreeSet;

use uuid::Uuid;

use crate::{Form, critical, form, gzip, identity, json, signed};

/// The most signed (JWS) layers a body may have, counting from the body to
/// the unsigned vCon: one for a vCon signed once. A layer is added each time
/// a signed vCon is signed again, as the vCon core draft describes for
/// archives kept longer than their signing certificates; 64 allows one a
/// year for 63 years. More is refused as [`Rejection::TooDeep`] before the
/// next layer is read.
pub const MAX_SIGNED_LAYERS: usize = 64;

/// The most arrays and objects open at once in any one JSON text read: the
/// body, a signed payload, the vCon itself counting as one. More is refused
/// as [`Rejection::TooDeep`]. It is below the JSON parser's own bound of 127,
/// so too deep is told apart from not JSON.
pub const MAX_JSON_DEPTH: usize = 64;

/// Bounds on the work one inspection may do.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct Limits {
    /// The most bytes all gzip inflation in one body may produce, counting
    /// the body itself and every gzipped payload layer inside it.
    pub inflated: u64,
}

impl Limits {
    /// Limits that let gzip inflation in one body produce at most
    /// `inflated` bytes.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn new(inflated: u64) -> Limits {
        Limits { inflated }
    }
}

/// What a received vCon is.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct Inspection {
    /// Its form.
    pub form: Form,
    /// Whether the body as received is gzipped.
    pub gzip: bool,
    /// Its uuid: from the vCon itself, from the innermost signed payload, or
    /// from the unprotected header of an encrypted vCon.
    pub uuid: Uuid,
}

/// Reads `body` without changing it. `content_type` is the media type it
/// arrived with, if any, and `supported` the extension names this server
/// accepts in `critical`. An encrypted vCon's `critical` cannot be read and
/// is not checked.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// A [`Rejection`] naming the first reason found that `body` is not a vCon
/// this caller can store: too large or too deep, bad gzip, not one JSON
/// object, a repeated member name, no form or two, a missing or bad uuid, no
/// created_at, an unreadable signed payload, a uuid that differs between
/// layers, or a `critical` that is not an array of strings or names
/// extensions `supported` does not list.
pub fn inspect(
    body: &[u8],
    content_type: Option<&str>,
    limits: &Limits,
    supported: &BTreeSet<String>,
) -> Result<Inspection, Rejection> {
    let (inflated, gzip) = gzip::inflate(body, content_type, limits.inflated)?;
    let mut budget = limits.inflated;
    if gzip {
        budget -= inflated.len() as u64;
    }
    let object = json::parse_object(&inflated)?;
    let form = form::form_of(&object)?;
    let uuid = match form {
        Form::Unsigned => {
            let uuid = identity::unsigned_identity(&object)?;
            critical::check_critical(&object, supported)?;
            uuid
        }
        Form::Signed => signed::signed_identity(&object, &mut budget, supported)?,
        Form::Encrypted => identity::encrypted_identity(&object)?,
    };
    Ok(Inspection { form, gzip, uuid })
}

/// The members of a vCon that an export may copy into clear columns, read
/// from an unsigned vCon or from the vCon inside a signed one. A member
/// that is missing, or not of the type the vCon core draft gives it, is
/// `None`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct Fields {
    /// `created_at`, as written.
    pub created_at: Option<String>,
    /// `updated_at`, as written.
    pub updated_at: Option<String>,
    /// `subject`.
    pub subject: Option<String>,
    /// Each entry of `parties`, in order; an entry that is not an object
    /// has no field.
    pub parties: Option<Vec<Party>>,
    /// How many entries `dialog` has.
    pub dialogs: Option<usize>,
}

/// The members of one party that [`Fields`] copies.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct Party {
    /// `tel`, a telephone number.
    pub tel: Option<String>,
    /// `mailto`, an email address.
    pub mailto: Option<String>,
    /// `name`.
    pub name: Option<String>,
}

/// Reads the [`Fields`] of `body`, a vCon [`inspect`] has accepted, within
/// the same `limits`. An encrypted vCon gives `None`: nothing in it can be
/// read without its key.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// The [`Rejection`] `inspect` would give for a body that is too large or
/// too deep, is bad gzip, or is not a vCon of a known form.
pub fn fields(body: &[u8], limits: &Limits) -> Result<Option<Fields>, Rejection> {
    let (inflated, gzip) = gzip::inflate(body, None, limits.inflated)?;
    let mut budget = limits.inflated;
    if gzip {
        budget -= inflated.len() as u64;
    }
    let object = json::parse_object(&inflated)?;
    Ok(match form::form_of(&object)? {
        Form::Unsigned => Some(crate::fields::fields_of(&object)),
        Form::Signed => Some(crate::fields::fields_of(
            &signed::innermost(&object, &mut budget)?.0,
        )),
        Form::Encrypted => None,
    })
}

/// Why a received body cannot be stored as a vCon.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum Rejection {
    /// Inflating a gzip body passed the configured limit.
    TooLarge,
    /// The body nests deeper than [`MAX_SIGNED_LAYERS`] signed layers, or a
    /// JSON text in it deeper than [`MAX_JSON_DEPTH`].
    TooDeep,
    /// The body is marked as gzip but is not a valid gzip stream.
    BadGzip,
    /// The body is not exactly one JSON object.
    NotJson,
    /// An object in the body repeats a member name.
    DuplicateKey,
    /// The body has the members of both the signed and the encrypted form.
    AmbiguousForm,
    /// The body has the members of no form.
    NoForm,
    /// The vCon has no uuid.
    MissingUuid,
    /// The uuid is not a string in RFC 9562 text form.
    BadUuid,
    /// The vCon has no created_at.
    MissingCreatedAt,
    /// A signed vCon's payload or signatures cannot be read as a JWS
    /// carrying a vCon.
    BadPayload,
    /// A `uuid` in a JWS header differs from the uuid of the signed vCon.
    UuidMismatch,
    /// `critical` or `must_support` is not an array of strings.
    BadCritical,
    /// `critical` or `must_support` names extensions this server does not
    /// support; they are listed in order of first appearance.
    UnsupportedCritical(Vec<String>),
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::io::Write;

    use base64::Engine;
    use base64::engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD;
    use flate2::Compression;
    use flate2::write::GzEncoder;
    use serde_json::{Value, json};

    use super::*;

    // Here, not in tests/inspect.rs: Rejection is #[non_exhaustive], so
    // only a match inside the crate can leave out the catch-all arm.
    const ID: &str = "01a07da8-c2bb-83e5-b9a2-279e0d16bc46";
    const LIMITS: Limits = Limits::new(1 << 20);

    fn gz(bytes: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut e = GzEncoder::new(Vec::new(), Compression::default());
        e.write_all(bytes).expect("compress");
        e.finish().expect("finish")
    }

    fn b64(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
        URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(bytes)
    }

    fn unsigned() -> Value {
        json!({"uuid": ID, "created_at": "2026-10-23T00:00:00Z", "parties": []})
    }

    fn run(body: &[u8]) -> Result<(Form, bool, Uuid), Rejection> {
        inspect(body, None, &LIMITS, &BTreeSet::new()).map(|i| (i.form, i.gzip, i.uuid))
    }

    /// A body `inspect` refuses with `rejection`. The match has no catch-all
    /// arm, so a new Rejection fails to compile here until it has a body.
    fn refused_as(rejection: &Rejection) -> Vec<u8> {
        match rejection {
            Rejection::TooLarge => gz(&vec![b' '; (LIMITS.inflated + 1) as usize]),
            Rejection::TooDeep => format!(
                "{}{}",
                "[".repeat(MAX_JSON_DEPTH + 1),
                "]".repeat(MAX_JSON_DEPTH + 1)
            )
            .into_bytes(),
            Rejection::BadGzip => vec![0x1f, 0x8b, 0],
            Rejection::NotJson => b"[]".to_vec(),
            Rejection::DuplicateKey => br#"{"uuid": "a", "uuid": "b"}"#.to_vec(),
            Rejection::AmbiguousForm => {
                br#"{"payload": "", "signatures": [], "ciphertext": "", "recipients": []}"#.to_vec()
            }
            Rejection::NoForm => b"{}".to_vec(),
            Rejection::MissingUuid => br#"{"parties": []}"#.to_vec(),
            Rejection::BadUuid => br#"{"uuid": "x"}"#.to_vec(),
            Rejection::MissingCreatedAt => format!(r#"{{"uuid": "{ID}"}}"#).into_bytes(),
            Rejection::BadPayload => br#"{"payload": "%", "signatures": []}"#.to_vec(),
            Rejection::UuidMismatch => json!({
                "payload": b64(unsigned().to_string().as_bytes()),
                "signatures": [{"header": {"uuid": "01a07da8-c2bb-83e5-b9a2-279e0d16bc47"}}]
            })
            .to_string()
            .into_bytes(),
            Rejection::BadCritical => {
                format!(r#"{{"uuid": "{ID}", "created_at": "x", "critical": 1}}"#).into_bytes()
            }
            Rejection::UnsupportedCritical(names) => {
                json!({"uuid": ID, "created_at": "x", "critical": names})
                    .to_string()
                    .into_bytes()
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn every_rejection_is_reachable() {
        // Every variant, each once; refused_as names each of them too.
        let every = [
            Rejection::TooLarge,
            Rejection::TooDeep,
            Rejection::BadGzip,
            Rejection::NotJson,
            Rejection::DuplicateKey,
            Rejection::AmbiguousForm,
            Rejection::NoForm,
            Rejection::MissingUuid,
            Rejection::BadUuid,
            Rejection::MissingCreatedAt,
            Rejection::BadPayload,
            Rejection::UuidMismatch,
            Rejection::BadCritical,
            Rejection::UnsupportedCritical(vec!["x".to_owned()]),
        ];
        for rejection in every {
            assert_eq!(
                run(&refused_as(&rejection)),
                Err(rejection.clone()),
                "refused_as gives a body that only this rejection fits"
            );
        }
    }
}