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//! # `FileDateTime` Function
//!
//! Returns a `Variant` (`Date`) representing the date and time when a file was created or last modified.
//!
//! ## Syntax
//!
//! ```vb
//! FileDateTime(pathname)
//! ```
//!
//! ## Parameters
//!
//! - **pathname**: Required. A `String` expression that specifies a file name. May include
//! directory or folder, and drive. If the file is not found, an error occurs.
//!
//! ## Return Value
//!
//! Returns a `Variant` of subtype `Date` representing the date and time when the file was
//! last modified. The returned value includes both date and time components.
//!
//! ## Remarks
//!
//! The `FileDateTime` function returns the last modification date and time of a file.
//! This is useful for file management, backup utilities, synchronization, and determining
//! if files need to be updated.
//!
//! **Important Characteristics:**
//!
//! - Returns date/time of last modification
//! - File does not need to be open
//! - Error if file does not exist (Error 53)
//! - Error if path is invalid (Error 76)
//! - Works with full paths and relative paths
//! - Returns same value as file system shows
//! - Precision depends on file system (typically 2-second resolution on FAT, 100ns on NTFS)
//! - Affected by daylight saving time changes
//! - Returns local time (not UTC)
//! - Can be used with wildcards via `Dir` function
//!
//! ## Typical Uses
//!
//! - Determine if file is newer than another
//! - Check if file has been modified since last access
//! - File synchronization between locations
//! - Backup and archive utilities
//! - Change detection systems
//! - File age calculations
//! - Automated cleanup of old files
//! - Build systems (check if recompilation needed)
//!
//! ## Examples
//!
//! ### Basic Usage
//!
//! ```vb
//! Dim fileDate As Date
//!
//! ' Get file modification date/time
//! fileDate = FileDateTime("C:\data.txt")
//! Debug.Print "File last modified: " & fileDate
//!
//! ' Format the date/time
//! Debug.Print Format(fileDate, "yyyy-mm-dd hh:nn:ss")
//! ```
//!
//! ### Compare File Dates
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function IsFileNewer(file1 As String, file2 As String) As Boolean
//! ' Returns True if file1 is newer than file2
//! On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
//!
//! Dim date1 As Date
//! Dim date2 As Date
//!
//! date1 = FileDateTime(file1)
//! date2 = FileDateTime(file2)
//!
//! IsFileNewer = (date1 > date2)
//! Exit Function
//!
//! ErrorHandler:
//! IsFileNewer = False
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Check If File Was Modified Today
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function IsModifiedToday(filePath As String) As Boolean
//! On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
//!
//! Dim fileDate As Date
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(filePath)
//!
//! ' Compare just the date part
//! IsModifiedToday = (Int(fileDate) = Int(Date))
//! Exit Function
//!
//! ErrorHandler:
//! IsModifiedToday = False
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ## Common Patterns
//!
//! ### Find Newest File in Directory
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function FindNewestFile(folderPath As String, pattern As String) As String
//! Dim fileName As String
//! Dim newestFile As String
//! Dim newestDate As Date
//! Dim currentDate As Date
//!
//! ' Ensure path ends with backslash
//! If Right(folderPath, 1) <> "\" Then
//! folderPath = folderPath & "\"
//! End If
//!
//! fileName = Dir(folderPath & pattern)
//! newestDate = #1/1/1900#
//!
//! Do While fileName <> ""
//! On Error Resume Next
//! currentDate = FileDateTime(folderPath & fileName)
//!
//! If Err.Number = 0 Then
//! If currentDate > newestDate Then
//! newestDate = currentDate
//! newestFile = fileName
//! End If
//! End If
//!
//! Err.Clear
//! fileName = Dir
//! Loop
//!
//! FindNewestFile = newestFile
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Get File Age
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function GetFileAgeInDays(filePath As String) As Long
//! On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
//!
//! Dim fileDate As Date
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(filePath)
//!
//! ' Calculate difference in days
//! GetFileAgeInDays = DateDiff("d", fileDate, Now)
//! Exit Function
//!
//! ErrorHandler:
//! GetFileAgeInDays = -1
//! End Function
//!
//! Function GetFileAgeInHours(filePath As String) As Long
//! On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
//!
//! Dim fileDate As Date
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(filePath)
//!
//! GetFileAgeInHours = DateDiff("h", fileDate, Now)
//! Exit Function
//!
//! ErrorHandler:
//! GetFileAgeInHours = -1
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Delete Old Files
//!
//! ```vb
//! Sub DeleteOldFiles(folderPath As String, daysOld As Long)
//! Dim fileName As String
//! Dim fullPath As String
//! Dim fileDate As Date
//! Dim ageInDays As Long
//!
//! If Right(folderPath, 1) <> "\" Then
//! folderPath = folderPath & "\"
//! End If
//!
//! fileName = Dir(folderPath & "*.*")
//!
//! Do While fileName <> ""
//! fullPath = folderPath & fileName
//!
//! On Error Resume Next
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(fullPath)
//!
//! If Err.Number = 0 Then
//! ageInDays = DateDiff("d", fileDate, Now)
//!
//! If ageInDays > daysOld Then
//! Kill fullPath
//! Debug.Print "Deleted: " & fileName & " (Age: " & ageInDays & " days)"
//! End If
//! End If
//!
//! Err.Clear
//! fileName = Dir
//! Loop
//! End Sub
//! ```
//!
//! ### Check If File Needs Backup
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function NeedsBackup(sourceFile As String, backupFile As String) As Boolean
//! On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
//!
//! Dim sourceDate As Date
//! Dim backupDate As Date
//!
//! ' Get source file date
//! sourceDate = FileDateTime(sourceFile)
//!
//! ' Check if backup exists
//! If Dir(backupFile) = "" Then
//! ' No backup exists
//! NeedsBackup = True
//! Exit Function
//! End If
//!
//! ' Get backup file date
//! backupDate = FileDateTime(backupFile)
//!
//! ' Needs backup if source is newer than backup
//! NeedsBackup = (sourceDate > backupDate)
//! Exit Function
//!
//! ErrorHandler:
//! NeedsBackup = True ' Assume needs backup on error
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### List Files Modified Within Date Range
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function GetFilesModifiedBetween(folderPath As String, startDate As Date, _
//! endDate As Date) As Collection
//! Dim files As New Collection
//! Dim fileName As String
//! Dim fullPath As String
//! Dim fileDate As Date
//!
//! If Right(folderPath, 1) <> "\" Then
//! folderPath = folderPath & "\"
//! End If
//!
//! fileName = Dir(folderPath & "*.*")
//!
//! Do While fileName <> ""
//! fullPath = folderPath & fileName
//!
//! On Error Resume Next
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(fullPath)
//!
//! If Err.Number = 0 Then
//! If fileDate >= startDate And fileDate <= endDate Then
//! files.Add fullPath
//! End If
//! End If
//!
//! Err.Clear
//! fileName = Dir
//! Loop
//!
//! Set GetFilesModifiedBetween = files
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### File Synchronization Check
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function SynchronizeFile(sourceFile As String, destFile As String) As Boolean
//! On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
//!
//! Dim sourceDate As Date
//! Dim destDate As Date
//! Dim needsCopy As Boolean
//!
//! sourceDate = FileDateTime(sourceFile)
//!
//! ' Check if destination exists
//! If Dir(destFile) = "" Then
//! needsCopy = True
//! Else
//! destDate = FileDateTime(destFile)
//! needsCopy = (sourceDate > destDate)
//! End If
//!
//! If needsCopy Then
//! FileCopy sourceFile, destFile
//! Debug.Print "Synchronized: " & sourceFile & " -> " & destFile
//! SynchronizeFile = True
//! Else
//! Debug.Print "Already synchronized: " & destFile
//! SynchronizeFile = False
//! End If
//!
//! Exit Function
//!
//! ErrorHandler:
//! Debug.Print "Error synchronizing: " & Err.Description
//! SynchronizeFile = False
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Build System - Check Dependencies
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function SourceNewerThanExecutable(sourceFile As String, exeFile As String) As Boolean
//! ' Used in build systems to determine if recompilation is needed
//! On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
//!
//! Dim sourceDate As Date
//! Dim exeDate As Date
//!
//! ' Check if executable exists
//! If Dir(exeFile) = "" Then
//! SourceNewerThanExecutable = True ' Need to build
//! Exit Function
//! End If
//!
//! sourceDate = FileDateTime(sourceFile)
//! exeDate = FileDateTime(exeFile)
//!
//! SourceNewerThanExecutable = (sourceDate > exeDate)
//! Exit Function
//!
//! ErrorHandler:
//! SourceNewerThanExecutable = True ' Assume needs build on error
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Generate File Report
//!
//! ```vb
//! Sub GenerateFileReport(folderPath As String, reportFile As String)
//! Dim fileName As String
//! Dim fullPath As String
//! Dim fileDate As Date
//! Dim reportNum As Integer
//!
//! If Right(folderPath, 1) <> "\" Then
//! folderPath = folderPath & "\"
//! End If
//!
//! reportNum = FreeFile
//! Open reportFile For Output As #reportNum
//!
//! Print #reportNum, "File Report for: " & folderPath
//! Print #reportNum, "Generated: " & Format(Now, "yyyy-mm-dd hh:nn:ss")
//! Print #reportNum, String(80, "-")
//! Print #reportNum, "Filename", "Modified Date", "Age (Days)"
//! Print #reportNum, String(80, "-")
//!
//! fileName = Dir(folderPath & "*.*")
//!
//! Do While fileName <> ""
//! fullPath = folderPath & fileName
//!
//! On Error Resume Next
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(fullPath)
//!
//! If Err.Number = 0 Then
//! Print #reportNum, fileName, _
//! Format(fileDate, "yyyy-mm-dd hh:nn:ss"), _
//! DateDiff("d", fileDate, Now)
//! End If
//!
//! Err.Clear
//! fileName = Dir
//! Loop
//!
//! Close #reportNum
//! End Sub
//! ```
//!
//! ### Monitor File Changes
//!
//! ```vb
//! Private lastCheckedDate As Date
//!
//! Function HasFileChanged(filePath As String) As Boolean
//! On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
//!
//! Dim currentDate As Date
//! currentDate = FileDateTime(filePath)
//!
//! If lastCheckedDate = 0 Then
//! ' First check
//! lastCheckedDate = currentDate
//! HasFileChanged = False
//! Else
//! HasFileChanged = (currentDate > lastCheckedDate)
//! If HasFileChanged Then
//! lastCheckedDate = currentDate
//! End If
//! End If
//!
//! Exit Function
//!
//! ErrorHandler:
//! HasFileChanged = False
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Sort Files by Date
//!
//! ```vb
//! Type FileInfo
//! Name As String
//! ModifiedDate As Date
//! End Type
//!
//! Function GetFilesSortedByDate(folderPath As String) As Variant
//! Dim files() As FileInfo
//! Dim fileName As String
//! Dim fullPath As String
//! Dim count As Long
//! Dim i As Long, j As Long
//! Dim temp As FileInfo
//!
//! If Right(folderPath, 1) <> "\" Then
//! folderPath = folderPath & "\"
//! End If
//!
//! ' Collect files
//! ReDim files(0 To 100)
//! count = 0
//! fileName = Dir(folderPath & "*.*")
//!
//! Do While fileName <> ""
//! fullPath = folderPath & fileName
//!
//! On Error Resume Next
//! files(count).Name = fileName
//! files(count).ModifiedDate = FileDateTime(fullPath)
//!
//! If Err.Number = 0 Then
//! count = count + 1
//! If count > UBound(files) Then
//! ReDim Preserve files(0 To UBound(files) + 100)
//! End If
//! End If
//!
//! Err.Clear
//! fileName = Dir
//! Loop
//!
//! If count > 0 Then
//! ReDim Preserve files(0 To count - 1)
//!
//! ' Bubble sort by date (newest first)
//! For i = 0 To count - 2
//! For j = i + 1 To count - 1
//! If files(j).ModifiedDate > files(i).ModifiedDate Then
//! temp = files(i)
//! files(i) = files(j)
//! files(j) = temp
//! End If
//! Next j
//! Next i
//! End If
//!
//! GetFilesSortedByDate = files
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ## Advanced Usage
//!
//! ### Incremental Backup System
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function PerformIncrementalBackup(sourceFolder As String, backupFolder As String, _
//! lastBackupDate As Date) As Long
//! Dim fileName As String
//! Dim sourcePath As String
//! Dim backupPath As String
//! Dim fileDate As Date
//! Dim copiedCount As Long
//!
//! If Right(sourceFolder, 1) <> "\" Then sourceFolder = sourceFolder & "\"
//! If Right(backupFolder, 1) <> "\" Then backupFolder = backupFolder & "\"
//!
//! ' Ensure backup folder exists
//! If Dir(backupFolder, vbDirectory) = "" Then
//! MkDir backupFolder
//! End If
//!
//! fileName = Dir(sourceFolder & "*.*")
//! copiedCount = 0
//!
//! Do While fileName <> ""
//! sourcePath = sourceFolder & fileName
//! backupPath = backupFolder & fileName
//!
//! On Error Resume Next
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(sourcePath)
//!
//! If Err.Number = 0 And fileDate > lastBackupDate Then
//! FileCopy sourcePath, backupPath
//! If Err.Number = 0 Then
//! copiedCount = copiedCount + 1
//! Debug.Print "Backed up: " & fileName
//! End If
//! End If
//!
//! Err.Clear
//! fileName = Dir
//! Loop
//!
//! PerformIncrementalBackup = copiedCount
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### File Cache Invalidation
//!
//! ```vb
//! Private Type CacheEntry
//! FilePath As String
//! CachedDate As Date
//! CachedData As Variant
//! End Type
//!
//! Private cache() As CacheEntry
//! Private cacheCount As Long
//!
//! Function GetCachedFileData(filePath As String) As Variant
//! Dim i As Long
//! Dim currentDate As Date
//!
//! On Error Resume Next
//! currentDate = FileDateTime(filePath)
//!
//! If Err.Number <> 0 Then
//! GetCachedFileData = Null
//! Exit Function
//! End If
//!
//! ' Check if in cache and still valid
//! For i = 0 To cacheCount - 1
//! If cache(i).FilePath = filePath Then
//! If cache(i).CachedDate = currentDate Then
//! ' Cache is valid
//! GetCachedFileData = cache(i).CachedData
//! Exit Function
//! Else
//! ' Cache is stale, reload
//! cache(i).CachedData = LoadFileData(filePath)
//! cache(i).CachedDate = currentDate
//! GetCachedFileData = cache(i).CachedData
//! Exit Function
//! End If
//! End If
//! Next i
//!
//! ' Not in cache, add it
//! ReDim Preserve cache(0 To cacheCount)
//! cache(cacheCount).FilePath = filePath
//! cache(cacheCount).CachedDate = currentDate
//! cache(cacheCount).CachedData = LoadFileData(filePath)
//! GetCachedFileData = cache(cacheCount).CachedData
//! cacheCount = cacheCount + 1
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Multi-Directory Synchronization
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function SynchronizeFolders(sourceFolder As String, destFolder As String) As Long
//! Dim fileName As String
//! Dim sourcePath As String
//! Dim destPath As String
//! Dim sourceDate As Date
//! Dim destDate As Date
//! Dim syncCount As Long
//!
//! If Right(sourceFolder, 1) <> "\" Then sourceFolder = sourceFolder & "\"
//! If Right(destFolder, 1) <> "\" Then destFolder = destFolder & "\"
//!
//! ' Ensure destination exists
//! If Dir(destFolder, vbDirectory) = "" Then
//! MkDir destFolder
//! End If
//!
//! fileName = Dir(sourceFolder & "*.*")
//! syncCount = 0
//!
//! Do While fileName <> ""
//! sourcePath = sourceFolder & fileName
//! destPath = destFolder & fileName
//!
//! On Error Resume Next
//! sourceDate = FileDateTime(sourcePath)
//!
//! If Err.Number = 0 Then
//! ' Check if destination exists
//! If Dir(destPath) = "" Then
//! ' Destination doesn't exist, copy
//! FileCopy sourcePath, destPath
//! syncCount = syncCount + 1
//! Else
//! ' Check dates
//! destDate = FileDateTime(destPath)
//! If sourceDate > destDate Then
//! ' Source is newer, update
//! FileCopy sourcePath, destPath
//! syncCount = syncCount + 1
//! End If
//! End If
//! End If
//!
//! Err.Clear
//! fileName = Dir
//! Loop
//!
//! SynchronizeFolders = syncCount
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Change Detection System
//!
//! ```vb
//! Type ChangeRecord
//! FilePath As String
//! PreviousDate As Date
//! CurrentDate As Date
//! ChangeType As String ' "Modified", "Created", "Deleted"
//! End Type
//!
//! Function DetectChanges(folderPath As String, baseline() As FileInfo) As Variant
//! Dim changes() As ChangeRecord
//! Dim changeCount As Long
//! Dim fileName As String
//! Dim fullPath As String
//! Dim currentDate As Date
//! Dim i As Long
//! Dim found As Boolean
//!
//! If Right(folderPath, 1) <> "\" Then folderPath = folderPath & "\"
//!
//! ReDim changes(0 To 100)
//! changeCount = 0
//!
//! ' Check current files
//! fileName = Dir(folderPath & "*.*")
//!
//! Do While fileName <> ""
//! fullPath = folderPath & fileName
//!
//! On Error Resume Next
//! currentDate = FileDateTime(fullPath)
//!
//! If Err.Number = 0 Then
//! found = False
//!
//! ' Check if in baseline
//! For i = LBound(baseline) To UBound(baseline)
//! If baseline(i).Name = fileName Then
//! found = True
//!
//! ' Check if modified
//! If currentDate > baseline(i).ModifiedDate Then
//! changes(changeCount).FilePath = fullPath
//! changes(changeCount).PreviousDate = baseline(i).ModifiedDate
//! changes(changeCount).CurrentDate = currentDate
//! changes(changeCount).ChangeType = "Modified"
//! changeCount = changeCount + 1
//! End If
//!
//! Exit For
//! End If
//! Next i
//!
//! ' If not found in baseline, it's new
//! If Not found Then
//! changes(changeCount).FilePath = fullPath
//! changes(changeCount).CurrentDate = currentDate
//! changes(changeCount).ChangeType = "Created"
//! changeCount = changeCount + 1
//! End If
//! End If
//!
//! Err.Clear
//! fileName = Dir
//! Loop
//!
//! If changeCount > 0 Then
//! ReDim Preserve changes(0 To changeCount - 1)
//! DetectChanges = changes
//! Else
//! DetectChanges = Array()
//! End If
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Log File Rotation Based on Date
//!
//! ```vb
//! Sub RotateLogFile(logPath As String, maxAgeDays As Long)
//! Dim logDate As Date
//! Dim ageDays As Long
//! Dim archivePath As String
//!
//! On Error Resume Next
//!
//! ' Check if log file exists
//! If Dir(logPath) = "" Then Exit Sub
//!
//! logDate = FileDateTime(logPath)
//! ageDays = DateDiff("d", logDate, Now)
//!
//! If ageDays >= maxAgeDays Then
//! ' Create archive name with date
//! archivePath = Left(logPath, Len(logPath) - 4) & "_" & _
//! Format(logDate, "yyyymmdd") & ".log"
//!
//! ' Rename current log to archive
//! Name logPath As archivePath
//!
//! Debug.Print "Rotated log file: " & logPath & " -> " & archivePath
//! End If
//! End Sub
//! ```
//!
//! ## Error Handling
//!
//! ```vb
//! Function SafeFileDateTime(filePath As String) As Variant
//! On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
//!
//! SafeFileDateTime = FileDateTime(filePath)
//! Exit Function
//!
//! ErrorHandler:
//! Select Case Err.Number
//! Case 53 ' File not found
//! MsgBox "File not found: " & filePath, vbExclamation
//! SafeFileDateTime = Null
//! Case 76 ' Path not found
//! MsgBox "Path not found: " & filePath, vbExclamation
//! SafeFileDateTime = Null
//! Case Else
//! MsgBox "Error " & Err.Number & ": " & Err.Description, vbCritical
//! SafeFileDateTime = Null
//! End Select
//! End Function
//! ```
//!
//! ### Common Errors
//!
//! - **Error 53** (File not found): The specified file does not exist
//! - **Error 76** (Path not found): The specified path is invalid
//!
//! ## Performance Considerations
//!
//! - `FileDateTime` is relatively fast (reads file metadata only)
//! - Does not open the file or read contents
//! - Performance depends on file system and disk speed
//! - Network paths are slower than local paths
//! - Consider caching results if checking same file repeatedly
//! - Use `Dir` function to check existence before calling `FileDateTime`
//!
//! ## Best Practices
//!
//! ### Check File Existence First
//!
//! ```vb
//! ' Good - Check existence to avoid error
//! If Dir(filePath) <> "" Then
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(filePath)
//! Else
//! MsgBox "File not found"
//! End If
//!
//! ' Or use error handling
//! On Error Resume Next
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(filePath)
//! If Err.Number <> 0 Then
//! MsgBox "Cannot get file date"
//! End If
//! On Error GoTo 0
//! ```
//!
//! ### Use Full Paths
//!
//! ```vb
//! ' Good - Use full path for clarity
//! fileDate = FileDateTime("C:\Projects\data.txt")
//!
//! ' Or build from App.Path
//! fileDate = FileDateTime(App.Path & "\config.ini")
//! ```
//!
//! ## Comparison with Other Functions
//!
//! ### `FileDateTime` vs `Now`
//!
//! ```vb
//! ' FileDateTime - Gets file modification date
//! fileDate = FileDateTime("C:\file.txt")
//!
//! ' Now - Gets current system date/time
//! currentDate = Now
//! ```
//!
//! ### `FileDateTime` vs `GetAttr`
//!
//! ```vb
//! ' FileDateTime - Returns date/time of modification
//! fileDate = FileDateTime("C:\file.txt")
//!
//! ' GetAttr - Returns file attributes (readonly, hidden, etc.)
//! attrs = GetAttr("C:\file.txt")
//! ```
//!
//! ## Limitations
//!
//! - Returns modification date only (not creation or access date)
//! - File must exist (cannot get date of deleted files)
//! - Returns local time (not UTC)
//! - Precision limited by file system
//! - Cannot set file date/time (read-only function)
//! - Does not work with directories (use `Dir` with `vbDirectory`)
//! - No built-in wildcard support (must use with `Dir`)
//!
//! ## Related Functions
//!
//! - `Dir`: Returns file names matching a pattern
//! - `GetAttr`: Returns file attributes
//! - `FileLen`: Returns file size in bytes
//! - `Now`: Returns current system date and time
//! - `Date`: Returns current system date
//! - `DateDiff`: Calculates difference between two dates
//! - `Format`: Formats date/time for display