ushma 1.1.0

Thermodynamics simulation — heat transfer, entropy, equations of state, thermal properties
Documentation
# Benchmarks

Three-point tracking: **baseline** (first run) / **previous** / **latest**

| Point | Date | Commit |
|-------|------|--------|
| Baseline | 2026-03-25T01:33:49Z | `a9565aa` |
| Previous | 2026-03-26T11:06:50Z | `f27dd05` |
| Latest | 2026-03-26T11:48:52Z | `f27dd05` |

## transfer

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `conduction` | 3.04 ns | 2.94 ns | 5.98 ns |
| `convection` | 1.32 ns | 1.44 ns | 1.67 ns |
| `radiation` | 2.31 ns | 3.33 ns | 5.01 ns |
| `resistance_series` | 2.67 ns | 2.20 ns | 2.63 ns |
| `resistance_parallel` | 4.87 ns | 6.29 ns | 5.66 ns |
| `heat_stored` | 1.11 ns | 1.28 ns | 1.72 ns |
| `diffusivity` | 3.16 ns | 3.31 ns | 4.22 ns |
| `biot_number` | 2.49 ns | 2.62 ns | 3.19 ns |
| `lumped_capacitance` | 6.44 ns | 7.10 ns | 7.47 ns |
| `reynolds` || 2.98 ns | 3.01 ns |
| `nusselt_db` || 28.16 ns | 30.32 ns |
| `fin_rect_heat` || 19.18 ns | 25.65 ns |
| `lmtd_counter` || 9.90 ns | 10.97 ns |
| `eff_counter` || 9.72 ns | 9.15 ns |
| `view_factor_disks` || 9.00 ns | 7.57 ns |

## state

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `ideal_gas_pressure` | 2.16 ns | 1.72 ns | 3.24 ns |
| `ideal_gas_volume` | 3.55 ns | 1.76 ns | 1.68 ns |
| `van_der_waals` | 6.76 ns | 3.74 ns | 5.60 ns |
| `isothermal_work` | 9.74 ns | 7.47 ns | 6.85 ns |
| `adiabatic_temperature` | 14.62 ns | 16.65 ns | 15.62 ns |
| `compressibility_factor` | 3.08 ns | 3.28 ns | 2.80 ns |
| `redlich_kwong` || 19.75 ns | 20.92 ns |
| `peng_robinson` || 9.22 ns | 10.45 ns |

## entropy

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `carnot_efficiency` | 2.75 ns | 2.50 ns | 3.20 ns |
| `carnot_cop` | 2.26 ns | 2.41 ns | 2.22 ns |
| `helmholtz` | 1.10 ns | 1.15 ns | 1.06 ns |
| `gibbs` | 1.13 ns | 1.19 ns | 1.04 ns |
| `mixing` | 18.73 ns | 21.58 ns | 19.74 ns |
| `ideal_gas_ds` | 13.97 ns | 14.23 ns | 12.48 ns |

## material

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `diffusivity` | 270.70 ps | 280.30 ps | 259.00 ps |
| `volumetric_cp` | 274.20 ps | 278.40 ps | 258.90 ps |

## phase

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `clausius_clapeyron_slope` || 3.07 ns | 2.68 ns |
| `clausius_clapeyron_pressure` || 9.32 ns | 9.17 ns |
| `phase_lookup` || 13.40 ns | 13.21 ns |
| `heat_of_fusion` || 849.40 ps | 797.10 ps |
| `heat_of_vaporization` || 870.50 ps | 795.90 ps |
| `heat_for_phase_change` || 5.32 ns | 6.34 ns |

## cycle

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `otto` || 63.88 ns | 59.23 ns |
| `diesel` || 65.76 ns | 62.71 ns |
| `brayton` || 61.30 ns | 58.37 ns |
| `rankine` || 58.89 ns | 61.04 ns |
| `refrigeration` || 429.48 ns | 427.09 ns |

## steam

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `saturated_by_temp` || 8.06 ns | 8.31 ns |
| `saturated_by_pressure` || 7.81 ns | 7.61 ns |
| `quality_from_enthalpy` || 2.59 ns | 2.49 ns |
| `wet_steam_properties` || 3.15 ns | 2.93 ns |
| `superheated_lookup` || 22.93 ns | 25.30 ns |

## stat

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `rms_speed` || 3.84 ns | 3.84 ns |
| `einstein_cv` || 9.07 ns | 8.91 ns |
| `debye_cv` || 1.32 µs | 1.33 µs |

## chem

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `reaction_enthalpy` || 3.97 ns | 3.30 ns |
| `equilibrium_constant` || 6.01 ns | 7.81 ns |
| `adiabatic_flame` || 9.42 ns | 14.26 ns |

## numerical

| Benchmark | Baseline | Previous | Latest |
|-----------|----------|----------|--------|
| `explicit_1d` || 49.13 ns | 53.70 ns |
| `crank_nicolson_1d` || 1.24 µs | 1.22 µs |
| `gauss_seidel_2d_20x20` || 1.37 ms | 1.38 ms |
| `thermal_network_5` || 137.93 ns | 135.06 ns |

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Generated by `./scripts/bench-history.sh`. Full history in `bench-history.csv`.