tycho-ethereum 0.99.2

Ethereum specific implementation of core tycho traits
Documentation
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use std::{
    collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet},
    str::FromStr,
    sync::Arc,
};

use alloy::{
    primitives::{
        map::FbBuildHasher, Address as AlloyAddress, BlockHash as AlloyBlockHash,
        Bytes as AlloyBytes, FixedBytes, B256, U256,
    },
    providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
    rpc::types::{state::AccountOverride, BlockId, TransactionInput, TransactionRequest},
};
use alloy_rpc_types_trace::geth::{
    GethDebugBuiltInTracerType, GethDebugTracerConfig, GethDebugTracerType,
    GethDebugTracingOptions, GethDefaultTracingOptions, GethTrace, PreStateFrame, PreStateMode,
};
use async_trait::async_trait;
use serde_json::{json, value::to_raw_value, Value};
use tracing::error;
use tycho_common::{
    keccak256,
    models::{
        blockchain::{
            AddressStorageLocation, EntryPointWithTracingParams, RPCTracerParams, StorageOverride,
            TracedEntryPoint, TracingParams, TracingResult,
        },
        Address, BlockHash,
    },
    traits::EntryPointTracer,
    Bytes,
};

use super::{build_state_overrides, AccessListResult};
use crate::{BytesCodec, RPCError, RequestError, ReqwestError, SerdeJsonError};

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct EVMEntrypointService {
    rpc_url: url::Url,
    // TODO: add a setting to enable/disable batching. This could be needed because some RPCs don't
    // support batching. More info: https://www.quicknode.com/guides/ethereum-development/transactions/how-to-make-batch-requests-on-ethereum
    max_retries: u32,
    retry_delay_ms: u64,
}

impl EVMEntrypointService {
    pub fn try_from_url(rpc_url: &str) -> Result<Self, RPCError> {
        Self::try_from_url_with_config(rpc_url, 3, 200)
    }

    pub fn try_from_url_with_config(
        rpc_url: &str,
        max_retries: u32,
        retry_delay_ms: u64,
    ) -> Result<Self, RPCError> {
        let url = url::Url::parse(rpc_url)
            .map_err(|_| RPCError::SetupError("Invalid URL".to_string()))?;

        Ok(Self { rpc_url: url, max_retries, retry_delay_ms })
    }

    fn create_access_list_params(
        target: &Address,
        params: &RPCTracerParams,
        block_hash: &BlockHash,
    ) -> Value {
        let mut tx_params = json!({
            "to": target.to_string(),
            "data": params.calldata.to_string()
        });

        if let Some(caller) = &params.caller {
            tx_params["from"] = json!(caller.to_string());
        }

        if params.state_overrides.is_none() ||
            params
                .state_overrides
                .as_ref()
                .unwrap_or(&BTreeMap::new())
                .is_empty()
        {
            json!([tx_params, block_hash.to_string()])
        } else {
            let state_overrides = build_state_overrides(
                params
                    .state_overrides
                    .as_ref()
                    .unwrap_or(&BTreeMap::new()),
            );
            json!([tx_params, block_hash.to_string(), Value::Object(state_overrides)])
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn create_trace_call_params(
        target: &Address,
        params: &RPCTracerParams,
        block_hash: &BlockHash,
    ) -> Value {
        let caller = params
            .caller
            .as_ref()
            .map(|addr| AlloyAddress::from_slice(addr.as_ref()));

        let tx_request = TransactionRequest {
            to: Some(AlloyAddress::from_slice(target.as_ref()).into()),
            from: caller,
            input: TransactionInput::new(AlloyBytes::from(params.calldata.to_vec())),
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let block_id = BlockId::Hash(AlloyBlockHash::from_slice(block_hash.as_ref()).into());

        let state_overrides = params
            .state_overrides
            .as_ref()
            .map(|overrides| {
                let mut state_map = HashMap::new();

                for (address, override_data) in overrides.iter() {
                    let mut account_override = AccountOverride::default();

                    // Handle storage overrides
                    if let Some(storage_override) = &override_data.slots {
                        let storage_map: HashMap<
                            FixedBytes<32>,
                            FixedBytes<32>,
                            FbBuildHasher<32>,
                        > = match storage_override {
                            StorageOverride::Diff(slots) | StorageOverride::Replace(slots) => slots
                                .iter()
                                .map(|(k, v)| {
                                    (
                                        FixedBytes::from(
                                            k.as_ref()
                                                .try_into()
                                                .unwrap_or([0u8; 32]),
                                        ),
                                        FixedBytes::from(
                                            v.as_ref()
                                                .try_into()
                                                .unwrap_or([0u8; 32]),
                                        ),
                                    )
                                })
                                .collect(),
                        };

                        match storage_override {
                            StorageOverride::Diff(_) => {
                                account_override.state_diff = Some(storage_map);
                            }
                            StorageOverride::Replace(_) => {
                                account_override.state = Some(storage_map);
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // Handle balance override
                    if let Some(balance) = &override_data.native_balance {
                        account_override.balance = Some(U256::from_be_bytes(
                            balance
                                .as_ref()
                                .try_into()
                                .unwrap_or([0u8; 32]),
                        ));
                    }

                    // Handle code override
                    if let Some(code) = &override_data.code {
                        account_override.code = Some(AlloyBytes::from(code.to_vec()));
                    }

                    state_map.insert(AlloyAddress::from_slice(address.as_ref()), account_override);
                }

                state_map
            });

        match state_overrides {
            Some(overrides) => {
                // Need to manually construct this because Alloy misses `stateOverrides` in their
                // structs.
                let mut tracing_with_overrides = json!({
                    "enableReturnData": true,
                    "tracer": "prestateTracer",
                    "stateOverrides": overrides
                });

                json!([tx_request, block_id, tracing_with_overrides])
            }
            None => {
                let tracing_options = GethDebugTracingOptions {
                    config: GethDefaultTracingOptions::default().enable_return_data(),
                    tracer: Some(GethDebugTracerType::BuiltInTracer(
                        GethDebugBuiltInTracerType::PreStateTracer,
                    )),
                    tracer_config: GethDebugTracerConfig::default(),
                    timeout: None,
                };
                json!([tx_request, block_id, tracing_options])
            }
        }
    }

    async fn batch_trace_and_access_list(
        &self,
        target: &Address,
        params: &RPCTracerParams,
        block_hash: &BlockHash,
    ) -> Result<(HashMap<Address, HashSet<Bytes>>, GethTrace), RPCError> {
        let access_list_params = Self::create_access_list_params(target, params, block_hash);
        let trace_call_params = Self::create_trace_call_params(target, params, block_hash);

        // Create batch request
        let batch_request = json!([
            {
                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
                "method": "eth_createAccessList",
                "params": access_list_params,
                "id": 1
            },
            {
                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
                "method": "debug_traceCall",
                "params": trace_call_params,
                "id": 2
            }
        ]);

        let batch_params = to_raw_value(&batch_request).map_err(|e| {
            RPCError::SerializeError(SerdeJsonError {
                msg: format!(
                    "Failed to serialize batch params for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params})",
                ),
                source: e,
            })
        })?;

        // Send batch request - using HTTP POST directly for batch requests
        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
        let response = client
            .post(self.rpc_url.as_str())
            .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
            .body(batch_params.get().to_string())
            .send()
            .await
            .map_err(|e| {
                RPCError::RequestError(RequestError::Reqwest(ReqwestError {
                    msg: format!(
                        "Failed to send request to {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params})",
                    ),
                    source: e,
                }))
            })?;

        let batch_response: Vec<Value> = response.json().await.map_err(|e| {
            RPCError::RequestError(RequestError::Reqwest(ReqwestError {
                msg: format!(
                    "Failed to parse batch response for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params})",
                ),
                source: e,
            }))
        })?;

        if batch_response.len() != 2 {
            return Err(RPCError::UnknownError(format!(
                "Invalid batch response length for {} (block: {}, params: {}): expected 2, got {}",
                target,
                block_hash,
                params,
                batch_response.len()
            )));
        }

        // Parse access list response
        let access_list_result = &batch_response[0];
        if let Some(error) = access_list_result.get("error") {
            return Err(RPCError::UnknownError(format!(
                "eth_createAccessList failed for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params}): {error}",

            )));
        }

        let access_list_data = access_list_result
            .get("result")
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                RPCError::UnknownError(format!(
                    "Missing result in access list response for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params}): {access_list_result:?}",
                ))
            })?;

        if access_list_data.get("error").is_some() {
            return Err(RPCError::UnknownError(format!(
                "eth_createAccessList failed for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params}): {access_list_data:?}",
            )));
        }

        if access_list_data
            .get("accessList")
            .is_none()
        {
            return Err(RPCError::UnknownError(format!(
                "Missing accessList field in access list response for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params}): {access_list_data:?}",
            )));
        }

        let access_list: AccessListResult = serde_json::from_value(access_list_data.clone())
            .map_err(|e| {
                RPCError::SerializeError(SerdeJsonError {
                    msg: format!(
                        "Failed to parse access list for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params})",
                    ),
                    source: e,
                })
            })?;

        let mut accessed_slots = access_list.try_get_accessed_slots()?;

        // eth_createAccessList excludes the target address from the access list unless
        // its state is accessed. This line ensures that the target
        // address is included in the access list even if its state is not accessed.
        // Source: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/51342136fadf2972320cd70badb1336efe3259e1/internal/ethapi/api.go#L1180C2-L1180C87
        if !accessed_slots.contains_key(target) {
            accessed_slots.insert(target.clone(), HashSet::new());
        }

        // Parse trace response
        let trace_result = &batch_response[1];
        if let Some(error) = trace_result.get("error") {
            return Err(RPCError::TracingFailure(format!(
                "debug_traceCall failed for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params}): {error}",
            )));
        }

        let trace_data = trace_result
            .get("result")
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                RPCError::UnknownError(format!(
                    "Missing result in trace response for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params}): {trace_result:?}",
                ))
            })?;

        let pre_state_trace: GethTrace =
            serde_json::from_value(trace_data.clone()).map_err(|e| {
                RPCError::SerializeError(SerdeJsonError {
                    msg: format!(
                        "Failed to parse trace for {target} (block: {block_hash}, params: {params})",
                    ),
                    source: e,
                })
            })?;

        Ok((accessed_slots, pre_state_trace))
    }

    /// Detects if any called addresses are stored in a packed storage slot.
    ///
    /// On Ethereum, a storage slot is 32 bytes, and an address is 20 bytes. This means
    /// a single address can be packed with up to 12 bytes of other data in one slot.
    /// This function searches for any of the called addresses within the storage value
    /// and returns the storage location with the correct offset if found.
    fn detect_retrigger(
        called_addresses: &HashSet<Address>,
        slot: &B256,
        val: &B256,
    ) -> Option<AddressStorageLocation> {
        let value_bytes: &[u8] = val.as_ref();

        if let Some((offset, window)) = value_bytes
            .windows(20)
            .enumerate()
            .find(|(_idx, window)| {
                let address = Address::from(*window);
                called_addresses.contains(&address)
            })
        {
            return Some(AddressStorageLocation::new(
                tycho_common::Bytes::from(slot.as_slice()),
                // This is safe since indices into B256 will always fit into u8
                offset as u8,
            ))
        }
        None
    }
}
const ZERO_ADDRESS: [u8; 20] = [0u8; 20];

#[async_trait]
impl EntryPointTracer for EVMEntrypointService {
    type Error = RPCError;

    async fn trace(
        &self,
        block_hash: BlockHash,
        entry_points: Vec<EntryPointWithTracingParams>,
    ) -> Vec<Result<TracedEntryPoint, Self::Error>> {
        let ep_count = entry_points.len();
        let mut results_with_indices = Vec::with_capacity(ep_count);
        let mut to_retry: Vec<(usize, EntryPointWithTracingParams)> = entry_points
            .into_iter()
            .enumerate()
            .collect();

        let mut retry_count = 0;
        while !to_retry.is_empty() && retry_count <= self.max_retries {
            if retry_count > 0 {
                tracing::debug!(
                    "EVMEntrypointService: Retry attempt {} for {} entrypoints",
                    retry_count,
                    to_retry.len()
                );
                tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(self.retry_delay_ms)).await;
            }

            let mut failed_retryable = Vec::new();
            let is_last_retry = retry_count == self.max_retries;

            for (original_index, entry_point) in &to_retry {
                let result = match &entry_point.params {
                    TracingParams::RPCTracer(ref rpc_entry_point) => {
                        // Use batched RPC call for both access list and trace
                        let (accessed_slots, pre_state_trace) = match self
                            .batch_trace_and_access_list(
                                &entry_point.entry_point.target,
                                rpc_entry_point,
                                &block_hash,
                            )
                            .await
                        {
                            Ok(trace) => trace,
                            Err(e) => {
                                if e.should_retry() && !is_last_retry {
                                    failed_retryable.push((*original_index, entry_point.clone()));
                                } else {
                                    results_with_indices.push((*original_index, Err(e)));
                                }
                                continue;
                            }
                        };

                        // Exclude ZERO_ADDRESS to avoid false positive retriggers on 0
                        //  value slots or slots with small values
                        let called_addresses: HashSet<Address> = accessed_slots
                            .keys()
                            .filter(|addr| addr.as_ref() != ZERO_ADDRESS)
                            .cloned()
                            .collect();

                        // Provides a very simplistic way of finding retriggers. A better way would
                        // involve using the structure of callframes. So basically iterate the call
                        // tree in a parent child manner then search the
                        // childs address in the prestate of parent.
                        let retriggers = if let GethTrace::PreStateTracer(PreStateFrame::Default(
                            PreStateMode(frame),
                        )) = pre_state_trace
                        {
                            let mut retriggers = HashSet::new();
                            for (address, account) in frame.iter() {
                                let address_bytes =
                                    tycho_common::Bytes::from(address.as_ref() as &[u8]);
                                let storage = &account.storage;
                                for (slot, val) in storage.iter() {
                                    if let Some(storage_location) =
                                        Self::detect_retrigger(&called_addresses, slot, val)
                                    {
                                        retriggers
                                            .insert((address_bytes.clone(), storage_location));
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            retriggers
                        } else {
                            results_with_indices.push((
                                *original_index,
                                Err(RPCError::UnknownError(
                                    "invalid trace result for PreStateTracer".to_string(),
                                )),
                            ));
                            continue;
                        };

                        Ok(TracedEntryPoint::new(
                            entry_point.clone(),
                            block_hash.clone(),
                            TracingResult::new(retriggers, accessed_slots),
                        ))
                    }
                };
                results_with_indices.push((*original_index, result));
            }

            // Update retry list and increment counter
            to_retry = failed_retryable;
            retry_count += 1;
        }

        // This should never happen, if it does, we log an error and return the results that we have
        if !results_with_indices.len() == ep_count {
            error!(
                "Something went wrong with the tracing, expected {} results but got {}",
                ep_count,
                results_with_indices.len()
            );
        }

        results_with_indices.sort_by_key(|(index, _)| *index);
        results_with_indices
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(_, result)| result)
            .collect()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::env;

    use tycho_common::{
        models::blockchain::{AccountOverrides, EntryPoint, RPCTracerParams},
        Bytes,
    };

    use super::*;
    use crate::RequestError;

    #[tokio::test]
    #[ignore = "requires a RPC connection"]
    async fn test_trace_balancer_v3_stable_pool() {
        let url = env::var("RPC_URL").expect("RPC_URL is not set");
        let tracer = EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url(&url).unwrap();
        let entry_points = vec![
            EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
                EntryPoint::new(
                    "0xEdf63cce4bA70cbE74064b7687882E71ebB0e988:getRate()".to_string(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0xEdf63cce4bA70cbE74064b7687882E71ebB0e988").unwrap(),
                    "getRate()".to_string(),
                ),
                TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                    None,
                    Bytes::from(&keccak256("getRate()").to_vec()[0..4]),
                )),
            ),
            EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
                EntryPoint::new(
                    "0x8f4E8439b970363648421C692dd897Fb9c0Bd1D9:getRate()".to_string(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x8f4E8439b970363648421C692dd897Fb9c0Bd1D9").unwrap(),
                    "getRate()".to_string(),
                ),
                TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                    None,
                    Bytes::from(&keccak256("getRate()")[0..4]),
                )),
            ),
        ];
        let traced_entry_points = tracer
            .trace(
                // Block 22589134 hash
                Bytes::from_str(
                    "0x283666c6c90091fa168ebf52c0c61043d6ada7a2ffe10dc303b0e4ff111e172e",
                )
                .unwrap(),
                entry_points.clone(),
            )
            .await
            .into_iter()
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            traced_entry_points,
            vec![
                TracedEntryPoint {
                    entry_point_with_params: entry_points[0].clone(),
                    detection_block_hash: Bytes::from_str("0x283666c6c90091fa168ebf52c0c61043d6ada7a2ffe10dc303b0e4ff111e172e").unwrap(),
                    tracing_result: TracingResult::new(
                        HashSet::from([
                        (
                            Bytes::from_str("0x7bc3485026ac48b6cf9baf0a377477fff5703af8").unwrap(),
                            AddressStorageLocation::new(Bytes::from_str("0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc").unwrap(), 12),
                        ),
                        (
                            Bytes::from_str("0x87870bca3f3fd6335c3f4ce8392d69350b4fa4e2").unwrap(),
                            AddressStorageLocation::new(Bytes::from_str("0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc").unwrap(), 12),
                        ),
                    ]),
                    HashMap::from([
                        (Bytes::from_str("0x87870bca3f3fd6335c3f4ce8392d69350b4fa4e2").unwrap(), HashSet::from([
                            Bytes::from_str("0xca6decca4edae0c692b2b0c41376a54b812edb060282d36e07a7060ccb58244d").unwrap(),
                            Bytes::from_str("0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc").unwrap(),
                            Bytes::from_str("0xca6decca4edae0c692b2b0c41376a54b812edb060282d36e07a7060ccb58244f").unwrap(),
                        ])),
                        (Bytes::from_str("0x487c2c53c0866f0a73ae317bd1a28f63adcd9ad1").unwrap(), HashSet::new()),
                        (Bytes::from_str("0x9aeb8aaa1ca38634aa8c0c8933e7fb4d61091327").unwrap(), HashSet::new()),
                        (Bytes::from_str("0xedf63cce4ba70cbe74064b7687882e71ebb0e988").unwrap(), HashSet::new()),
                        (Bytes::from_str("0x7bc3485026ac48b6cf9baf0a377477fff5703af8").unwrap(), HashSet::from([
                            Bytes::from_str("0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc").unwrap(),
                            Bytes::from_str("0x0773e532dfede91f04b12a73d3d2acd361424f41f76b4fb79f090161e36b4e00").unwrap(),
                        ])),
                        ]),
                    ),
                },
                TracedEntryPoint {
                    entry_point_with_params: entry_points[1].clone(),
                    detection_block_hash: Bytes::from_str("0x283666c6c90091fa168ebf52c0c61043d6ada7a2ffe10dc303b0e4ff111e172e").unwrap(),
                    tracing_result: TracingResult::new(
                        HashSet::from([
                            (
                            Bytes::from_str("0xd4fa2d31b7968e448877f69a96de69f5de8cd23e").unwrap(),
                            AddressStorageLocation::new(Bytes::from_str("0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc").unwrap(), 12),
                        ),
                        (
                            Bytes::from_str("0x87870bca3f3fd6335c3f4ce8392d69350b4fa4e2").unwrap(),
                            AddressStorageLocation::new(Bytes::from_str("0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc").unwrap(), 12),
                        ),
                    ]),
                    HashMap::from([
                        (Bytes::from_str("0x87870bca3f3fd6335c3f4ce8392d69350b4fa4e2").unwrap(), HashSet::from([
                            Bytes::from_str("0xed960c71bd5fa1333658850f076b35ec5565086b606556c3dd36a916b43ddf23").unwrap(),
                            Bytes::from_str("0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc").unwrap(),
                            Bytes::from_str("0xed960c71bd5fa1333658850f076b35ec5565086b606556c3dd36a916b43ddf21").unwrap(),
                        ])),
                        (Bytes::from_str("0x487c2c53c0866f0a73ae317bd1a28f63adcd9ad1").unwrap(), HashSet::new()),
                        (Bytes::from_str("0x9aeb8aaa1ca38634aa8c0c8933e7fb4d61091327").unwrap(), HashSet::new()),
                        (Bytes::from_str("0x8f4e8439b970363648421c692dd897fb9c0bd1d9").unwrap(), HashSet::new()),
                        (Bytes::from_str("0xd4fa2d31b7968e448877f69a96de69f5de8cd23e").unwrap(), HashSet::from([
                            Bytes::from_str("0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc").unwrap(),
                            Bytes::from_str("0x0773e532dfede91f04b12a73d3d2acd361424f41f76b4fb79f090161e36b4e00").unwrap(),
                        ])),
                        ]),
                    ),
                },
            ],
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    #[ignore = "requires a RPC connection"]
    /// This test traces a UniswapV2Router02 swapExactTokensForTokens call
    /// It uses an account with no balance and relies on tracer overrides for setting custom values
    /// for POLS token balance and allowance attributes
    async fn test_trace_univ2_swap() {
        let url = env::var("RPC_URL").expect("RPC_URL is not set");
        let tracer = EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url(&url).unwrap();

        // Create state overrides for the POLS contract
        let mut state_overrides = BTreeMap::new();
        let pols_address = Bytes::from_str("0x83e6f1e41cdd28eaceb20cb649155049fac3d5aa").unwrap();

        // Create storage overrides
        let mut slots = BTreeMap::new();
        // Override POLS balance for the caller
        slots.insert(
            Bytes::from_str("0x563494035215327c9cc08a85694f34eab8bc22017bd383b01d83f2bb8c78aa91")
                .unwrap(),
            Bytes::from_str("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004c4c6e64f5134a0000")
                .unwrap(),
        );
        // Override POLS allowance for the caller to UniswapV2Router02 contract
        slots.insert(
            Bytes::from_str("0x6402d480789caf1f1824771fcdd31558cac90b7d044d14b2201c8ca95eae8955")
                .unwrap(),
            Bytes::from_str("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004c4c6e64f5134a0000")
                .unwrap(),
        );

        // Create account overrides
        let account_overrides = AccountOverrides {
            slots: Some(StorageOverride::Diff(slots)),
            native_balance: None,
            code: None,
        };

        // Add to the state overrides map
        state_overrides.insert(pols_address.clone(), account_overrides);

        // UniswapV2Router02 address on Ethereum mainnet
        let router_address = Bytes::from_str("0x7a250d5630B4cF539739dF2C5dAcb4c659F2488D").unwrap();

        // Prepare swapExactTokensForTokens parameters
        // Function signature: swapExactTokensForTokens(uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[]
        // path, address to, uint deadline) Function selector: 0x38ed1739

        // Parameters:
        // amountIn: 1407460000000000000000 - amount of POLS
        // amountOutMin: 105047450000000000 - minimum amount of WETH
        // path: [POLS, WETH] - token swap path
        // to: caller address - recipient of the swapped tokens
        // deadline: 1750085651

        let caller = Bytes::from_str("0xd0a3dAC187ab0CbAaE92127F143A31fB6badbabe").unwrap();

        // Construct calldata for swapExactTokensForTokens
        let calldata = Bytes::from(
            "0x38ed173900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004c4c6e64f5134a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000175341965cf840000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000000d0a3dac187ab0cbaae92127f143a31fb6badbabe0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000068503013000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000083e6f1e41cdd28eaceb20cb649155049fac3d5aa000000000000000000000000c02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2"
        );

        let entry_points = vec![EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
            EntryPoint::new(
                "0x7a250d5630B4cF539739dF2C5dAcb4c659F2488D:swapExactTokensForTokens(uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] path, address to, uint deadline)"
                    .to_string(),
                router_address.clone(),
                "swapExactTokensForTokens(uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] path, address to, uint deadline)".to_string(),
            ),
            TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                Some(caller.clone()),
                calldata,
            ).with_state_overrides(state_overrides)),
        )];

        let block_hash =
            Bytes::from_str("0xfebbe1110db8fd453b7125860a1c909561d00872aedb40765f54356ac4d7cc40")
                .unwrap();
        let traced_entry_points = tracer
            .trace(
                // 22717805 block hash
                block_hash.clone(),
                entry_points.clone(),
            )
            .await
            .into_iter()
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            traced_entry_points,
            vec ![
            TracedEntryPoint {
            entry_point_with_params: entry_points[0].clone(),
            detection_block_hash: block_hash,
            tracing_result: TracingResult::new(
            // Retriggers
            HashSet::from([
                    (
                        Bytes::from_str("0xffa98a091331df4600f87c9164cd27e8a5cd2405").unwrap(),
                        AddressStorageLocation::new(Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007").unwrap(), 12),
                    ),
                    (
                        Bytes::from_str("0xffa98a091331df4600f87c9164cd27e8a5cd2405").unwrap(),
                        AddressStorageLocation::new(Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006").unwrap(), 12),
                    ),
                ]),
            // Accessed slots
            HashMap::from([
            (
                Bytes::from_str("0xffa98a091331df4600f87c9164cd27e8a5cd2405").unwrap(),
                HashSet::from([
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007").unwrap(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009").unwrap(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006").unwrap(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c").unwrap(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a").unwrap(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008").unwrap(),
                ])
            ),
            (Bytes::from_str("0x7a250d5630b4cf539739df2c5dacb4c659f2488d").unwrap(), HashSet::new()),
            (
                Bytes::from_str("0x83e6f1e41cdd28eaceb20cb649155049fac3d5aa").unwrap(),
                HashSet::from([
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003").unwrap(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x563494035215327c9cc08a85694f34eab8bc22017bd383b01d83f2bb8c78aa91").unwrap(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x6402d480789caf1f1824771fcdd31558cac90b7d044d14b2201c8ca95eae8955").unwrap(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x517313a419aa2ecd2d81b1726218564c7f0e0ab3a7f7ab9d34edc89c63e5f354").unwrap(),
                ])
            ),
            (
                Bytes::from_str("0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2").unwrap(),
                HashSet::from([
                    Bytes::from_str("0xcafe3db63107f22b0a41ab8ae57012c28217ebfcf75e49a58208dc6968d7ff57").unwrap(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x732054380c06f66b946fe3c55339b1fc707995878c89c46f3c874fa55acf3188").unwrap(),
                ])
            ),
            ]),
            ),
            },
            ],
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    #[ignore = "requires a RPC connection"]
    async fn test_trace_balancer_v2_stable_pool() {
        let url = env::var("RPC_URL").expect("RPC_URL is not set");
        let tracer = EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url(&url).unwrap();
        let entry_points = vec![EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
            EntryPoint::new(
                "1a8f81c256aee9c640e14bb0453ce247ea0dfe6f:getRate()".to_string(),
                Bytes::from_str("1a8f81c256aee9c640e14bb0453ce247ea0dfe6f").unwrap(),
                "getRate()".to_string(),
            ),
            TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                None,
                Bytes::from(&keccak256("getRate()").to_vec()[0..4]),
            )),
        )];
        let traced_entry_points = tracer
            .trace(
                // Block 22589134 hash
                Bytes::from_str(
                    "0xf5e2c5bc64ba61e1230e34b2d5d8906416633100919b477d17a7c6fd69cde31d",
                )
                .unwrap(),
                entry_points.clone(),
            )
            .await
            .into_iter()
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(traced_entry_points, vec![]);
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    #[ignore = "requires a RPC connection"]
    async fn test_trace_failing_call() {
        let url = env::var("RPC_URL").expect("RPC_URL is not set");
        let tracer = EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url(&url).unwrap();
        let entry_points = vec![EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
            EntryPoint::new(
                "1a8f81c256aee9c640e14bb0453ce247ea0dfe6f:unknown()".to_string(),
                Bytes::from_str("1a8f81c256aee9c640e14bb0453ce247ea0dfe6f").unwrap(),
                "unknown()".to_string(),
            ),
            TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                None,
                Bytes::from(&keccak256("unknown()").to_vec()[0..4]),
            )),
        )];
        let traced_entry_points = tracer
            .trace(
                // Block 22589134 hash
                Bytes::from_str(
                    "0xf5e2c5bc64ba61e1230e34b2d5d8906416633100919b477d17a7c6fd69cde31d",
                )
                .unwrap(),
                entry_points.clone(),
            )
            .await;

        assert_eq!(traced_entry_points.len(), 1);
        dbg!(&traced_entry_points[0]);
        assert!(matches!(traced_entry_points[0], Err(RPCError::TracingFailure(_))));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    #[ignore = "requires a RPC connection"]
    async fn test_trace_failing_rpc() {
        let url = "https://fake_rpc.com/eth";
        let tracer = EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url(url).unwrap();
        let entry_points = vec![EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
            EntryPoint::new(
                "1a8f81c256aee9c640e14bb0453ce247ea0dfe6f:unknown()".to_string(),
                Bytes::from_str("1a8f81c256aee9c640e14bb0453ce247ea0dfe6f").unwrap(),
                "unknown()".to_string(),
            ),
            TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                None,
                Bytes::from(&keccak256("unknown()").to_vec()[0..4]),
            )),
        )];
        let traced_entry_points = tracer
            .trace(
                // Block 22589134 hash
                Bytes::from_str(
                    "0xf5e2c5bc64ba61e1230e34b2d5d8906416633100919b477d17a7c6fd69cde31d",
                )
                .unwrap(),
                entry_points.clone(),
            )
            .await;

        assert_eq!(traced_entry_points.len(), 1);
        dbg!(&traced_entry_points[0]);
        assert!(matches!(traced_entry_points[0], Err(RPCError::RequestError(_))));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    #[ignore = "requires a RPC connection"]
    // Test if the tracer catches account needed by some specific opcodes, such as BALANCE,
    // EXTCODESIZE, EXTCODECOPY, EXTCODEHASH. In this transaction, EXTCODESIZE is executed for
    // 0x0afbf798467f9b3b97f90d05bf7df592d89a6cf1.
    async fn test_trace_contains_eoa() {
        let url = env::var("RPC_URL").expect("RPC_URL is not set");
        let tracer = EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url(&url).unwrap();

        let mut state_overrides = BTreeMap::new();

        // Insert simulation router code in overwrites
        let account_overrides = AccountOverrides {
            slots: None,
            native_balance: None,
            code: Some(Bytes::from_str("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        };
        state_overrides.insert(
            Bytes::from_str("0x2e234dae75c793f67a35089c9d99245e1c58470b").unwrap(),
            account_overrides,
        );

        let params = RPCTracerParams::new(None, Bytes::from("0x09c5eabe00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000340000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003060c0f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000240000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000007f39c581f595b53c5cb19bd0b3f8da6c935e2ca0000000000000000000000000c02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc20000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000064000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000055dcf9455eee8fd3f5eed17606291272cde428a80000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000055b2aa381e13dc000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000007f39c581f595b53c5cb19bd0b3f8da6c935e2ca0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000055b2aa381e13dc00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000c02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc20000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"))
        .with_state_overrides(state_overrides);

        let entry_points = vec![EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
            EntryPoint::new(
                "0x2e234dae75c793f67a35089c9d99245e1c58470b:execute(bytes)".to_string(),
                Bytes::from_str("0x2e234dae75c793f67a35089c9d99245e1c58470b").unwrap(),
                "execute(bytes)".to_string(),
            ),
            TracingParams::RPCTracer(params.clone()),
        )];

        let traced_entry_points = tracer
            .trace(
                // Block 23125980 hash
                Bytes::from_str(
                    "0xa8aa1c7b24af7d4d181a9cc8901be98f7751ba62b071033605d4d3cf0861afaf",
                )
                .unwrap(),
                entry_points.clone(),
            )
            .await
            .into_iter()
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
            .unwrap();

        assert!(traced_entry_points[0]
            .tracing_result
            .accessed_slots
            .contains_key(&Bytes::from_str("0x0afbf798467f9b3b97f90d05bf7df592d89a6cf1").unwrap()));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_retry_with_mock_rpc_server() {
        use std::sync::{
            atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering},
            Arc,
        };

        use tokio::{
            io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt},
            net::TcpListener,
        };

        // Create a mock RPC server that fails the first few requests
        let call_count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
        let call_count_clone = call_count.clone();

        let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
            .await
            .unwrap();
        let addr = listener.local_addr().unwrap();

        tokio::spawn(async move {
            while let Ok((mut socket, _)) = listener.accept().await {
                let call_count = call_count_clone.clone();
                tokio::spawn(async move {
                    let mut buffer = vec![0; 4096];
                    if let Ok(n) = socket.read(&mut buffer).await {
                        let _request = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..n]);
                        let current_call = call_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);

                        let response = if current_call < 2 {
                            // Fail first 2 requests with connection error
                            return; // Just close connection to simulate network failure
                        } else {
                            // Success response with properly structured mock trace data matching
                            // PreStateTracer format (based on actual RPC response)
                            r#"[
                                {
                                    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
                                    "id": 1,
                                    "result": {
                                        "accessList": [],
                                        "gasUsed": "0x5dc0"
                                    }
                                },
                                {
                                    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
                                    "id": 2,
                                    "result": {
                                        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000": {
                                            "balance": "0x2fda439328c1d25c3c5"
                                        },
                                        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
                                            "balance": "0x31535e82bbce260fd"
                                        },
                                        "0x4838b106fce9647bdf1e7877bf73ce8b0bad5f97": {
                                            "balance": "0x4ba0584a354bc705",
                                            "nonce": 1735918
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            ]"#
                        };

                        let http_response = format!(
                            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: application/json\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
                            response.len(),
                            response
                        );

                        let _ = socket
                            .write_all(http_response.as_bytes())
                            .await;
                    }
                });
            }
        });

        // Give the server a moment to start
        tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(50)).await;

        // Create tracer with fast retries
        let tracer = EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url_with_config(
            &format!("http://127.0.0.1:{}", addr.port()),
            3,  // max_retries
            10, // retry_delay_ms
        )
        .unwrap();

        // Create test entry points
        let entry_points: Vec<EntryPointWithTracingParams> =
            vec![EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
                EntryPoint::new(
                    "first:func()".to_string(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001").unwrap(),
                    "func()".to_string(),
                ),
                TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                    None,
                    Bytes::from(&keccak256("func()")[0..4]),
                )),
            )];

        let block_hash =
            Bytes::from_str("0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef")
                .unwrap();

        let results = tracer
            .trace(block_hash, entry_points)
            .await;

        // Verify that the mock server was called exactly 3 times (2 failures + 1 success)
        let total_calls = call_count.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
        assert_eq!(
            total_calls, 3,
            "Expected exactly 3 RPC calls (2 failures + 1 success), but got {}",
            total_calls
        );

        // Should return exactly one result
        assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
        assert!(results[0].is_ok());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_ordering_with_network_failures() {
        // Test with completely unreachable server to ensure ordering is preserved
        let tracer =
            EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url_with_config("http://127.0.0.1:1", 1, 10).unwrap();

        // Create entry points with distinguishable signatures for order verification
        let entry_points: Vec<EntryPointWithTracingParams> = vec![
            EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
                EntryPoint::new(
                    "first:func()".to_string(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001").unwrap(),
                    "func()".to_string(),
                ),
                TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                    None,
                    Bytes::from(&keccak256("func()")[0..4]),
                )),
            ),
            EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
                EntryPoint::new(
                    "second:func()".to_string(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002").unwrap(),
                    "func()".to_string(),
                ),
                TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                    None,
                    Bytes::from(&keccak256("func()")[0..4]),
                )),
            ),
            EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
                EntryPoint::new(
                    "third:func()".to_string(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003").unwrap(),
                    "func()".to_string(),
                ),
                TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                    None,
                    Bytes::from(&keccak256("func()")[0..4]),
                )),
            ),
        ];

        let block_hash =
            Bytes::from_str("0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef")
                .unwrap();
        let results = tracer
            .trace(block_hash, entry_points.clone())
            .await;

        // All should fail but order should be preserved
        assert_eq!(results.len(), 3);

        // Verify all results are RequestError
        for result in &results {
            assert!(matches!(result, Err(RPCError::RequestError(RequestError::Reqwest(_)))));
        }

        // Verify ordering is preserved by checking that error messages contain the expected target
        // addresses
        for (i, result) in results.iter().enumerate() {
            if let Err(RPCError::RequestError(RequestError::Reqwest(ReqwestError {
                msg,
                source: _,
            }))) = result
            {
                let expected_target = &entry_points[i].entry_point.target;
                assert!(
                    msg.contains(&expected_target.to_string()),
                    "Error message '{msg}' should contain target address '{expected_target}' for entry point at index {i}",
                );
            }
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_ordering_with_partial_failures() {
        use std::sync::{
            atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering},
            Arc,
        };

        use tokio::{
            io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt},
            net::TcpListener,
        };

        // Create a mock RPC server that fails only the second request
        let call_count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
        let call_count_clone = call_count.clone();

        let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
            .await
            .unwrap();
        let addr = listener.local_addr().unwrap();

        tokio::spawn(async move {
            while let Ok((mut socket, _)) = listener.accept().await {
                let call_count = call_count_clone.clone();
                tokio::spawn(async move {
                    let mut buffer = vec![0; 4096];
                    if let Ok(n) = socket.read(&mut buffer).await {
                        let request = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..n]);
                        let current_call = call_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);

                        // Determine which entry point this request is for by looking at the target
                        // address
                        let is_second_request =
                            request.contains("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002");

                        let response = if is_second_request {
                            // Fail only the second entry point request
                            return; // Close connection to simulate network failure
                        } else {
                            // Success response for first and third requests
                            r#"[
                                {
                                    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
                                    "id": 1,
                                    "result": {
                                        "accessList": [],
                                        "gasUsed": "0x5dc0"
                                    }
                                },
                                {
                                    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
                                    "id": 2,
                                    "result": {
                                        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000": {
                                            "balance": "0x2fda439328c1d25c3c5"
                                        },
                                        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
                                            "balance": "0x31535e82bbce260fd"
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            ]"#
                        };

                        let http_response = format!(
                            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: application/json\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
                            response.len(),
                            response
                        );

                        let _ = socket
                            .write_all(http_response.as_bytes())
                            .await;
                    }
                });
            }
        });

        // Give the server a moment to start
        tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(50)).await;

        // Create tracer with no retries to make the test faster
        let tracer = EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url_with_config(
            &format!("http://127.0.0.1:{}", addr.port()),
            0,  // no retries
            10, // retry_delay_ms (not used since max_retries=0)
        )
        .unwrap();

        // Create three test entry points - the middle one should fail
        let entry_points: Vec<EntryPointWithTracingParams> = vec![
            EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
                EntryPoint::new(
                    "first:func()".to_string(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001").unwrap(),
                    "func()".to_string(),
                ),
                TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                    None,
                    Bytes::from(&keccak256("func()")[0..4]),
                )),
            ),
            EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
                EntryPoint::new(
                    "second:func()".to_string(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002").unwrap(),
                    "func()".to_string(),
                ),
                TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                    None,
                    Bytes::from(&keccak256("func()")[0..4]),
                )),
            ),
            EntryPointWithTracingParams::new(
                EntryPoint::new(
                    "third:func()".to_string(),
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003").unwrap(),
                    "func()".to_string(),
                ),
                TracingParams::RPCTracer(RPCTracerParams::new(
                    None,
                    Bytes::from(&keccak256("func()")[0..4]),
                )),
            ),
        ];

        let block_hash =
            Bytes::from_str("0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef")
                .unwrap();

        let results = tracer
            .trace(block_hash, entry_points.clone())
            .await;

        // Should return exactly 3 results in the same order
        assert_eq!(results.len(), 3);

        // First result should be success
        match &results[0] {
            Ok(traced_entry_point) => {
                assert_eq!(
                    traced_entry_point
                        .entry_point_with_params
                        .entry_point
                        .target,
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001").unwrap()
                );
            }
            Err(e) => {
                panic!("Expected first request to succeed, but got error: {e:?}");
            }
        }

        // Second result should be a RequestError (network failure)
        match &results[1] {
            Ok(_) => {
                panic!("Expected second request to fail, but it succeeded");
            }
            Err(RPCError::RequestError(RequestError::Reqwest(ReqwestError { msg, source: _ }))) => {
                assert!(
                    msg.contains("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002"),
                    "Error message should contain the target address of the failed request"
                );
            }
            Err(e) => {
                panic!("Expected RequestError for second request, but got: {e:?}");
            }
        }

        // Third result should be success
        match &results[2] {
            Ok(traced_entry_point) => {
                assert_eq!(
                    traced_entry_point
                        .entry_point_with_params
                        .entry_point
                        .target,
                    Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003").unwrap()
                );
            }
            Err(e) => {
                panic!("Expected third request to succeed, but got error: {e:?}");
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_tracer_configuration() {
        // Test default configuration
        let tracer = EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url("http://localhost:8545").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(tracer.max_retries, 3);
        assert_eq!(tracer.retry_delay_ms, 200);

        // Test custom configuration
        let tracer =
            EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url_with_config("http://localhost:8545", 5, 500)
                .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(tracer.max_retries, 5);
        assert_eq!(tracer.retry_delay_ms, 500);

        // Test invalid URL
        assert!(matches!(
            EVMEntrypointService::try_from_url("invalid-url"),
            Err(RPCError::SetupError(_))
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_detect_retrigger_specific_example() {
        use std::str::FromStr;

        use alloy::primitives::B256;

        // User's specific example:
        // Called address: 0x001442309e82b3e69d9cf520e318c62a64fa190c
        // Packed slot: 0x00000bbd0f9dd77fc77b0000001442309e82b3e69d9cf520e318c62a64fa190c
        // Expected offset: 12

        let called_address =
            Address::from_str("0x001442309e82b3e69d9cf520e318c62a64fa190c").unwrap();
        let mut called_addresses = HashSet::new();
        called_addresses.insert(called_address);

        let slot =
            B256::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")
                .unwrap();
        let packed_value =
            B256::from_str("0x00000bbd0f9dd77fc77b0000001442309e82b3e69d9cf520e318c62a64fa190c")
                .unwrap();

        let result =
            EVMEntrypointService::detect_retrigger(&called_addresses, &slot, &packed_value);

        assert!(result.is_some());
        let storage_location = result.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(storage_location.offset, 12);
        assert_eq!(storage_location.key, tycho_common::Bytes::from(slot.as_slice()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_detect_retrigger_offset_zero() {
        use std::str::FromStr;

        use alloy::primitives::B256;

        // Address at the beginning of the slot (offset 0)
        let called_address =
            Address::from_str("0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890").unwrap();
        let mut called_addresses = HashSet::new();
        called_addresses.insert(called_address);

        let slot =
            B256::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")
                .unwrap();
        // Address at offset 0, followed by 12 bytes of zeros
        let packed_value =
            B256::from_str("0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890000000000000000000000000")
                .unwrap();

        let result =
            EVMEntrypointService::detect_retrigger(&called_addresses, &slot, &packed_value);

        assert!(result.is_some());
        let storage_location = result.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(storage_location.offset, 0);
        assert_eq!(storage_location.key, tycho_common::Bytes::from(slot.as_slice()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_detect_retrigger_offset_twelve() {
        use std::str::FromStr;

        use alloy::primitives::B256;

        // Address at offset 12 (end of slot)
        let called_address =
            Address::from_str("0xabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcd").unwrap();
        let mut called_addresses = HashSet::new();
        called_addresses.insert(called_address);

        let slot =
            B256::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")
                .unwrap();
        // 12 bytes of data, then address at offset 12
        let packed_value =
            B256::from_str("0x000102030405060708090a0babcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcd")
                .unwrap();

        let result =
            EVMEntrypointService::detect_retrigger(&called_addresses, &slot, &packed_value);

        assert!(result.is_some());
        let storage_location = result.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(storage_location.offset, 12);
        assert_eq!(storage_location.key, tycho_common::Bytes::from(slot.as_slice()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_detect_retrigger_no_match() {
        use std::str::FromStr;

        use alloy::primitives::B256;

        // Address not present in the storage value
        let called_address =
            Address::from_str("0x1111111111111111111111111111111111111111").unwrap();
        let mut called_addresses = HashSet::new();
        called_addresses.insert(called_address);

        let slot =
            B256::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")
                .unwrap();
        // Storage value containing a different address
        let packed_value =
            B256::from_str("0x00000bbd0f9dd77fc77b00000022222222222222222222222222222222222222")
                .unwrap();

        let result =
            EVMEntrypointService::detect_retrigger(&called_addresses, &slot, &packed_value);

        assert!(result.is_none());
    }
}