use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
pub fn utc_now() -> String {
format_utc(now_secs())
}
pub fn now_secs() -> u64 {
SystemTime::now()
.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
.map(|d| d.as_secs())
.unwrap_or(0)
}
pub fn parse_utc(text: &str) -> Option<u64> {
let b = text.as_bytes();
let shaped = b.len() == 20
&& b.iter().enumerate().all(|(i, c)| match i {
4 | 7 => *c == b'-',
10 => *c == b'T',
13 | 16 => *c == b':',
19 => *c == b'Z',
_ => c.is_ascii_digit(),
});
if !shaped {
return None;
}
let number = |from: usize, to: usize| text[from..to].parse::<u64>().ok();
let (year, month, day) = (number(0, 4)?, number(5, 7)?, number(8, 10)?);
let (hour, minute, second) = (number(11, 13)?, number(14, 16)?, number(17, 19)?);
if !(1..=12).contains(&month) || hour > 23 || minute > 59 || second > 59 {
return None;
}
let days = days_from_civil(year as i64, month, day)?;
u64::try_from(days)
.ok()
.map(|d| d * 86_400 + hour * 3600 + minute * 60 + second)
}
fn days_from_civil(year: i64, month: u64, day: u64) -> Option<i64> {
let (y, m) = if month <= 2 {
(year - 1, month + 9)
} else {
(year, month - 3)
};
let era = if y >= 0 { y } else { y - 399 } / 400;
let yoe = (y - era * 400) as u64;
let doy = (153 * m + 2) / 5 + day.checked_sub(1)?;
let doe = yoe * 365 + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100 + doy;
let days = era * 146_097 + doe as i64 - 719_468;
let (ry, rm, rd) = civil_from_days(days);
(ry == year && rm == month && rd == day).then_some(days)
}
pub fn format_utc(secs: u64) -> String {
let days = (secs / 86_400) as i64;
let rem = secs % 86_400;
let (year, month, day) = civil_from_days(days);
format!(
"{:04}-{:02}-{:02}T{:02}:{:02}:{:02}Z",
year,
month,
day,
rem / 3600,
(rem % 3600) / 60,
rem % 60
)
}
fn civil_from_days(days: i64) -> (i64, u64, u64) {
let z = days + 719_468;
let era = if z >= 0 { z } else { z - 146_096 } / 146_097;
let doe = (z - era * 146_097) as u64;
let yoe = (doe - doe / 1460 + doe / 36_524 - doe / 146_096) / 365;
let doy = doe - (365 * yoe + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100);
let mp = (5 * doy + 2) / 153;
let day = doy - (153 * mp + 2) / 5 + 1;
let month = if mp < 10 { mp + 3 } else { mp - 9 };
let year = yoe as i64 + era * 400 + if month <= 2 { 1 } else { 0 };
(year, month, day)
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn formats_the_epoch() {
assert_eq!(format_utc(0), "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z");
}
#[test]
fn formats_a_leap_day() {
assert_eq!(format_utc(951_782_400), "2000-02-29T00:00:00Z");
}
#[test]
fn formats_seconds_minutes_and_hours() {
assert_eq!(format_utc(1_790_000_000), "2026-09-21T14:13:20Z");
assert_eq!(format_utc(4_102_444_799), "2099-12-31T23:59:59Z");
}
#[test]
fn parse_utc_reads_what_format_utc_writes() {
for secs in [0, 951_782_400, 1_790_000_000, 4_102_444_799] {
assert_eq!(parse_utc(&format_utc(secs)), Some(secs));
}
}
#[test]
fn parse_utc_refuses_other_text_and_dates_that_do_not_exist() {
for bad in [
"",
"2026-10-19",
"2026-10-19 10:00:00Z",
"2026-10-19T10:00:00",
"2026-02-30T00:00:00Z",
"2026-13-01T00:00:00Z",
"2026-10-19T24:00:00Z",
"1969-12-31T23:59:59Z",
"20x6-10-19T10:00:00Z",
] {
assert_eq!(parse_utc(bad), None, "{:?}", bad);
}
}
#[test]
fn utc_now_has_the_second_precision_shape() {
let now = utc_now();
assert_eq!(now.len(), 20);
assert!(now.ends_with('Z'));
assert_eq!(&now[10..11], "T");
}
}