trustformers-core 0.1.1

Core traits and utilities for TrustformeRS
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
//! Unified Quantization Calibration Toolkit
//!
//! This module provides a comprehensive calibration toolkit that unifies all quantization
//! calibration methods across TrustformeRS. It offers:
//! - Unified calibration dataset management
//! - Unified API for different calibration methods
//! - Quality assessment and validation tools
//! - Cross-quantization method calibration comparison
//! - Comprehensive calibration workflow management

#![allow(unused_variables)] // Calibration toolkit

use crate::errors::{file_not_found, invalid_input, runtime_error, TrustformersError};
use crate::tensor::Tensor;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::path::Path;

/// Unified calibration dataset manager
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CalibrationDataset {
    /// Dataset name
    pub name: String,
    /// Input samples for calibration
    #[serde(skip)]
    pub samples: Vec<Tensor>,
    /// Optional target outputs for supervised calibration
    #[serde(skip)]
    pub targets: Option<Vec<Tensor>>,
    /// Dataset metadata
    pub metadata: CalibrationMetadata,
    /// Statistical properties of the dataset
    pub statistics: DatasetStatistics,
}

/// Metadata for calibration datasets
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CalibrationMetadata {
    /// Dataset description
    pub description: String,
    /// Dataset source (file path, URL, etc.)
    pub source: String,
    /// Dataset version
    pub version: String,
    /// Creation timestamp
    pub created_at: u64,
    /// Dataset tags for organization
    pub tags: Vec<String>,
    /// Expected model architecture
    pub model_type: String,
    /// Recommended calibration methods
    pub recommended_methods: Vec<CalibrationMethod>,
}

/// Statistical properties of calibration dataset
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DatasetStatistics {
    /// Number of samples
    pub sample_count: usize,
    /// Input tensor shapes
    pub input_shapes: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
    /// Statistical moments per dimension
    pub statistics: TensorStatistics,
    /// Dynamic range information
    pub dynamic_range: DynamicRange,
    /// Data distribution characteristics
    pub distribution: DistributionAnalysis,
}

/// Statistical moments for tensor data
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TensorStatistics {
    /// Mean values per dimension
    pub mean: Vec<f32>,
    /// Standard deviation per dimension
    pub std: Vec<f32>,
    /// Minimum values per dimension
    pub min: Vec<f32>,
    /// Maximum values per dimension
    pub max: Vec<f32>,
    /// Percentile values (5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th)
    pub percentiles: Vec<Vec<f32>>,
    /// Skewness measure
    pub skewness: Vec<f32>,
    /// Kurtosis measure
    pub kurtosis: Vec<f32>,
}

/// Dynamic range analysis
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DynamicRange {
    /// Overall dynamic range
    pub overall_range: f32,
    /// Per-channel dynamic ranges
    pub channel_ranges: Vec<f32>,
    /// Outlier detection (values beyond 3 sigma)
    pub outlier_ratio: f32,
    /// Suggested clipping thresholds
    pub suggested_clip_min: f32,
    pub suggested_clip_max: f32,
}

/// Distribution analysis for optimal quantization method selection
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DistributionAnalysis {
    /// Distribution type (normal, uniform, exponential, multimodal)
    pub distribution_type: DistributionType,
    /// Normality test p-value
    pub normality_p_value: f32,
    /// Distribution entropy
    pub entropy: f32,
    /// Concentration measure (how concentrated the distribution is)
    pub concentration: f32,
    /// Multimodality indicator
    pub is_multimodal: bool,
    /// Number of detected modes for multimodal distributions
    pub mode_count: Option<usize>,
}

/// Distribution types detected in calibration data
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
pub enum DistributionType {
    Normal,
    Uniform,
    Exponential,
    Laplace,
    Gamma,
    Beta,
    Multimodal,
    Unknown,
}

/// Available calibration methods
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Hash, Eq)]
pub enum CalibrationMethod {
    /// Entropy-based calibration (KL divergence)
    Entropy,
    /// Percentile-based calibration
    Percentile,
    /// Mean-squared error minimization
    MSE,
    /// Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio
    SQNR,
    /// Cross-entropy based calibration
    CrossEntropy,
    /// Hessian-based importance (for GPTQ)
    Hessian,
    /// Activation-aware calibration (for AWQ)
    ActivationAware,
    /// Smooth calibration (for SmoothQuant)
    Smooth,
    /// Mixed-bit sensitivity analysis
    SensitivityBased,
    /// Learned quantization optimization
    Learned,
}

/// Calibration configuration for unified API
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CalibrationConfig {
    /// Primary calibration method
    pub method: CalibrationMethod,
    /// Fallback methods if primary fails
    pub fallback_methods: Vec<CalibrationMethod>,
    /// Method-specific parameters
    pub parameters: HashMap<String, CalibrationParameter>,
    /// Quality thresholds for validation
    pub quality_thresholds: QualityThresholds,
    /// Cross-validation settings
    pub cross_validation: CrossValidationConfig,
}

/// Parameter values for calibration methods
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum CalibrationParameter {
    Float(f32),
    Int(i32),
    Bool(bool),
    String(String),
    FloatArray(Vec<f32>),
    IntArray(Vec<i32>),
}

/// Quality thresholds for calibration validation
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct QualityThresholds {
    /// Minimum acceptable accuracy retention (0.0-1.0)
    pub min_accuracy_retention: f32,
    /// Maximum acceptable SQNR degradation (dB)
    pub max_sqnr_degradation: f32,
    /// Maximum acceptable KL divergence
    pub max_kl_divergence: f32,
    /// Maximum acceptable inference latency increase
    pub max_latency_increase: f32,
    /// Minimum compression ratio
    pub min_compression_ratio: f32,
}

/// Cross-validation configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CrossValidationConfig {
    /// Enable cross-validation
    pub enabled: bool,
    /// Number of folds for cross-validation
    pub folds: usize,
    /// Validation split ratio (0.0-1.0)
    pub validation_split: f32,
    /// Random seed for reproducibility
    pub random_seed: u64,
    /// Stratified sampling for balanced validation
    pub stratified: bool,
}

/// Calibration results from unified API
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CalibrationResult {
    /// Used calibration method
    pub method: CalibrationMethod,
    /// Whether primary method succeeded
    pub primary_success: bool,
    /// Calibration parameters found
    pub parameters: CalibrationParameters,
    /// Quality metrics achieved
    pub quality_metrics: QualityMetrics,
    /// Cross-validation results
    pub cross_validation: Option<CrossValidationResults>,
    /// Method comparison results
    pub method_comparison: Option<MethodComparison>,
    /// Recommendations for improvement
    pub recommendations: Vec<CalibrationRecommendation>,
}

/// Calibration parameters for a specific quantization scheme
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CalibrationParameters {
    /// Quantization scales per layer/channel
    pub scales: HashMap<String, Vec<f32>>,
    /// Zero points per layer/channel
    pub zero_points: HashMap<String, Vec<i32>>,
    /// Clipping ranges per layer/channel
    pub clip_ranges: HashMap<String, (f32, f32)>,
    /// Bit allocations for mixed-bit quantization
    pub bit_allocations: HashMap<String, Vec<u8>>,
    /// Method-specific extra parameters
    pub extra_params: HashMap<String, CalibrationParameter>,
}

/// Quality metrics for calibration assessment
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct QualityMetrics {
    /// Accuracy retention (0.0-1.0)
    pub accuracy_retention: f32,
    /// Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (dB)
    pub sqnr_db: f32,
    /// KL divergence from original distribution
    pub kl_divergence: f32,
    /// Compression ratio achieved
    pub compression_ratio: f32,
    /// Inference speedup factor
    pub speedup_factor: f32,
    /// Memory usage reduction (0.0-1.0)
    pub memory_reduction: f32,
    /// Per-layer quality breakdown
    pub layer_metrics: HashMap<String, LayerQualityMetrics>,
}

/// Quality metrics per layer
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct LayerQualityMetrics {
    /// Layer name
    pub layer_name: String,
    /// Layer type
    pub layer_type: String,
    /// Quantization error (MSE)
    pub quantization_error: f32,
    /// Output distribution similarity
    pub distribution_similarity: f32,
    /// Gradient flow preservation
    pub gradient_preservation: f32,
    /// Activation pattern preservation
    pub activation_preservation: f32,
}

/// Cross-validation results
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CrossValidationResults {
    /// Mean quality metrics across folds
    pub mean_metrics: QualityMetrics,
    /// Standard deviation of metrics across folds
    pub std_metrics: QualityMetrics,
    /// Per-fold results
    pub fold_results: Vec<QualityMetrics>,
    /// Cross-validation score (0.0-1.0)
    pub cv_score: f32,
    /// Stability indicator (lower is more stable)
    pub stability_score: f32,
}

/// Comparison between different calibration methods
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct MethodComparison {
    /// Results per method
    pub method_results: HashMap<CalibrationMethod, QualityMetrics>,
    /// Ranking of methods by overall quality
    pub method_ranking: Vec<(CalibrationMethod, f32)>,
    /// Best method recommendation
    pub recommended_method: CalibrationMethod,
    /// Trade-off analysis
    pub trade_offs: Vec<TradeOffAnalysis>,
}

/// Trade-off analysis between different aspects
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TradeOffAnalysis {
    /// Method being analyzed
    pub method: CalibrationMethod,
    /// Accuracy vs compression trade-off
    pub accuracy_compression: f32,
    /// Speed vs quality trade-off
    pub speed_quality: f32,
    /// Memory vs accuracy trade-off
    pub memory_accuracy: f32,
    /// Overall balance score
    pub balance_score: f32,
}

/// Calibration recommendations
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CalibrationRecommendation {
    /// Recommendation type
    pub recommendation_type: RecommendationType,
    /// Recommendation description
    pub description: String,
    /// Expected improvement
    pub expected_improvement: f32,
    /// Implementation difficulty (1-5)
    pub difficulty: u8,
    /// Priority level (1-5)
    pub priority: u8,
    /// Actionable steps
    pub action_steps: Vec<String>,
}

/// Types of calibration recommendations
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum RecommendationType {
    /// Increase calibration dataset size
    IncreaseDataset,
    /// Try different calibration method
    TryDifferentMethod,
    /// Adjust quantization bit width
    AdjustBitWidth,
    /// Use mixed-bit quantization
    UseMixedBit,
    /// Apply outlier clipping
    ApplyClipping,
    /// Use different quantization granularity
    ChangeGranularity,
    /// Apply calibration dataset preprocessing
    PreprocessDataset,
    /// Use ensemble calibration
    UseEnsemble,
    /// Apply post-quantization fine-tuning
    PostQuantTuning,
    /// Optimize for specific hardware
    OptimizeHardware,
}

/// Main unified calibration toolkit
pub struct CalibrationToolkit {
    /// Registered datasets
    datasets: HashMap<String, CalibrationDataset>,
    /// Calibration configurations
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    configs: HashMap<String, CalibrationConfig>,
    /// Calibration history
    history: Vec<CalibrationResult>,
    /// Performance cache for repeated calibrations
    cache: HashMap<String, CalibrationResult>,
}

impl CalibrationToolkit {
    /// Create a new calibration toolkit
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            datasets: HashMap::new(),
            configs: HashMap::new(),
            history: Vec::new(),
            cache: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Register a calibration dataset
    pub fn register_dataset(
        &mut self,
        dataset: CalibrationDataset,
    ) -> Result<(), TrustformersError> {
        // Validate dataset
        self.validate_dataset(&dataset)?;

        // Calculate statistics if not provided
        let mut dataset = dataset;
        if dataset.statistics.sample_count == 0 {
            dataset.statistics = self.calculate_dataset_statistics(&dataset.samples)?;
        }

        self.datasets.insert(dataset.name.clone(), dataset);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Create calibration dataset from tensor samples
    pub fn create_dataset(
        &self,
        name: String,
        samples: Vec<Tensor>,
        metadata: CalibrationMetadata,
    ) -> Result<CalibrationDataset, TrustformersError> {
        let statistics = self.calculate_dataset_statistics(&samples)?;

        Ok(CalibrationDataset {
            name,
            samples,
            targets: None,
            metadata,
            statistics,
        })
    }

    /// Load calibration dataset from file
    pub fn load_dataset<P: AsRef<Path>>(
        &mut self,
        path: P,
    ) -> Result<CalibrationDataset, TrustformersError> {
        use std::fs;

        let path = path.as_ref();
        let contents = fs::read_to_string(path).map_err(|e| runtime_error(e.to_string()))?;

        // Parse JSON format
        if path.extension().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) == Some("json") {
            let dataset: CalibrationDataset = serde_json::from_str(&contents)
                .map_err(|e| runtime_error(format!("Failed to parse JSON dataset: {}", e)))?;

            // Add to managed datasets
            self.datasets.insert(dataset.name.clone(), dataset.clone());

            Ok(dataset)
        } else {
            Err(invalid_input(format!(
                "Unsupported dataset format: {:?}. Only JSON (.json) is currently supported.",
                path.extension()
            )))
        }
    }

    /// Save calibration dataset to file
    pub fn save_dataset<P: AsRef<Path>>(
        &self,
        dataset: &CalibrationDataset,
        path: P,
    ) -> Result<(), TrustformersError> {
        use std::fs;

        let path = path.as_ref();

        // Support JSON format
        if path.extension().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) == Some("json") {
            let json_content = serde_json::to_string_pretty(dataset).map_err(|e| {
                runtime_error(format!("Failed to serialize dataset to JSON: {}", e))
            })?;

            fs::write(path, json_content).map_err(|e| runtime_error(e.to_string()))?;

            Ok(())
        } else {
            Err(invalid_input(format!(
                "Unsupported dataset format: {:?}. Only JSON (.json) is currently supported.",
                path.extension()
            )))
        }
    }

    /// Run unified calibration with automatic method selection
    pub fn calibrate(
        &mut self,
        dataset_name: &str,
        config: CalibrationConfig,
    ) -> Result<CalibrationResult, TrustformersError> {
        let dataset = self
            .datasets
            .get(dataset_name)
            .ok_or_else(|| file_not_found(format!("Dataset '{}' not found", dataset_name)))?;

        // Check cache first
        let cache_key = self.generate_cache_key(dataset_name, &config);
        if let Some(cached_result) = self.cache.get(&cache_key) {
            return Ok(cached_result.clone());
        }

        // Run calibration
        let result = self.run_calibration(dataset, &config)?;

        // Cache result
        self.cache.insert(cache_key, result.clone());

        // Add to history
        self.history.push(result.clone());

        Ok(result)
    }

    /// Compare multiple calibration methods
    pub fn compare_methods(
        &mut self,
        dataset_name: &str,
        methods: Vec<CalibrationMethod>,
    ) -> Result<MethodComparison, TrustformersError> {
        let mut method_results = HashMap::new();

        for method in &methods {
            let config = CalibrationConfig {
                method: *method,
                fallback_methods: Vec::new(),
                parameters: self.get_default_parameters(*method),
                quality_thresholds: QualityThresholds::default(),
                cross_validation: CrossValidationConfig::default(),
            };

            let result = self.calibrate(dataset_name, config)?;
            method_results.insert(*method, result.quality_metrics);
        }

        // Rank methods by overall quality score
        let mut method_ranking: Vec<_> = method_results
            .iter()
            .map(|(method, metrics)| (*method, self.calculate_overall_score(metrics)))
            .collect();
        method_ranking.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.partial_cmp(&a.1).expect("Partial comparison failed"));

        let recommended_method = method_ranking[0].0;

        // Generate trade-off analysis
        let trade_offs = methods
            .iter()
            .map(|method| self.analyze_trade_offs(*method, &method_results[method]))
            .collect();

        Ok(MethodComparison {
            method_results,
            method_ranking,
            recommended_method,
            trade_offs,
        })
    }

    /// Validate calibration quality and provide recommendations
    pub fn validate_calibration(
        &self,
        result: &CalibrationResult,
        thresholds: &QualityThresholds,
    ) -> Vec<CalibrationRecommendation> {
        let mut recommendations = Vec::new();

        // Check accuracy retention
        if result.quality_metrics.accuracy_retention < thresholds.min_accuracy_retention {
            recommendations.push(CalibrationRecommendation {
                recommendation_type: RecommendationType::TryDifferentMethod,
                description: format!(
                    "Accuracy retention {:.3} is below threshold {:.3}. Consider using a different calibration method or increasing bit width.",
                    result.quality_metrics.accuracy_retention,
                    thresholds.min_accuracy_retention
                ),
                expected_improvement: 0.1,
                difficulty: 2,
                priority: 5,
                action_steps: vec![
                    "Try entropy-based calibration".to_string(),
                    "Increase quantization bit width".to_string(),
                    "Use mixed-bit quantization for critical layers".to_string(),
                ],
            });
        }

        // Check compression ratio
        if result.quality_metrics.compression_ratio < thresholds.min_compression_ratio {
            recommendations.push(CalibrationRecommendation {
                recommendation_type: RecommendationType::UseMixedBit,
                description: format!(
                    "Compression ratio {:.2}x is below target {:.2}x. Consider using more aggressive quantization.",
                    result.quality_metrics.compression_ratio,
                    thresholds.min_compression_ratio
                ),
                expected_improvement: 0.2,
                difficulty: 3,
                priority: 3,
                action_steps: vec![
                    "Enable mixed-bit quantization".to_string(),
                    "Reduce bit width for less critical layers".to_string(),
                    "Apply weight pruning before quantization".to_string(),
                ],
            });
        }

        // Check SQNR degradation
        if result.quality_metrics.sqnr_db < -thresholds.max_sqnr_degradation {
            recommendations.push(CalibrationRecommendation {
                recommendation_type: RecommendationType::ApplyClipping,
                description: format!(
                    "SQNR degradation {:.2} dB exceeds threshold {:.2} dB. Apply outlier clipping or increase calibration data.",
                    result.quality_metrics.sqnr_db,
                    thresholds.max_sqnr_degradation
                ),
                expected_improvement: 0.15,
                difficulty: 2,
                priority: 4,
                action_steps: vec![
                    "Apply percentile-based outlier clipping".to_string(),
                    "Increase calibration dataset size".to_string(),
                    "Use more representative calibration data".to_string(),
                ],
            });
        }

        recommendations
    }

    /// Generate comprehensive calibration report
    pub fn generate_report(
        &self,
        result: &CalibrationResult,
        dataset_name: &str,
    ) -> CalibrationReport {
        let dataset = self.datasets.get(dataset_name);

        CalibrationReport {
            dataset_name: dataset_name.to_string(),
            dataset_info: dataset.map(|d| d.metadata.clone()),
            calibration_result: result.clone(),
            recommendations: self.validate_calibration(result, &QualityThresholds::default()),
            generated_at: std::time::SystemTime::now()
                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
                .expect("SystemTime should be after UNIX_EPOCH")
                .as_secs(),
        }
    }

    // Private helper methods
    fn validate_dataset(&self, dataset: &CalibrationDataset) -> Result<(), TrustformersError> {
        if dataset.samples.is_empty() {
            return Err(invalid_input("Dataset cannot be empty".to_string()));
        }

        // Check tensor shape consistency
        let first_shape = dataset.samples[0].shape();
        for (i, sample) in dataset.samples.iter().enumerate() {
            if sample.shape() != first_shape {
                return Err(invalid_input(format!(
                    "Sample {} has inconsistent shape",
                    i
                )));
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn calculate_dataset_statistics(
        &self,
        samples: &[Tensor],
    ) -> Result<DatasetStatistics, TrustformersError> {
        if samples.is_empty() {
            return Err(invalid_input(
                "Cannot calculate statistics for empty dataset".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let sample_count = samples.len();
        let input_shapes = vec![samples[0].shape().to_vec()];

        // Calculate basic statistics (placeholder implementation)
        let dim_count = samples[0].len();
        let statistics = TensorStatistics {
            mean: vec![0.0; dim_count],
            std: vec![1.0; dim_count],
            min: vec![-1.0; dim_count],
            max: vec![1.0; dim_count],
            percentiles: vec![vec![0.0; 5]; dim_count],
            skewness: vec![0.0; dim_count],
            kurtosis: vec![3.0; dim_count],
        };

        let dynamic_range = DynamicRange {
            overall_range: 2.0,
            channel_ranges: vec![2.0; dim_count],
            outlier_ratio: 0.05,
            suggested_clip_min: -1.0,
            suggested_clip_max: 1.0,
        };

        let distribution = DistributionAnalysis {
            distribution_type: DistributionType::Normal,
            normality_p_value: 0.5,
            entropy: 3.0,
            concentration: 0.5,
            is_multimodal: false,
            mode_count: Some(1),
        };

        Ok(DatasetStatistics {
            sample_count,
            input_shapes,
            statistics,
            dynamic_range,
            distribution,
        })
    }

    fn generate_cache_key(&self, dataset_name: &str, config: &CalibrationConfig) -> String {
        // Generate a hash-based cache key from dataset name and config
        format!("{}_{:?}", dataset_name, config.method)
    }

    fn run_calibration(
        &self,
        dataset: &CalibrationDataset,
        config: &CalibrationConfig,
    ) -> Result<CalibrationResult, TrustformersError> {
        // Placeholder implementation - would integrate with specific calibration methods
        let parameters = CalibrationParameters {
            scales: HashMap::new(),
            zero_points: HashMap::new(),
            clip_ranges: HashMap::new(),
            bit_allocations: HashMap::new(),
            extra_params: HashMap::new(),
        };

        let quality_metrics = QualityMetrics {
            accuracy_retention: 0.95,
            sqnr_db: 40.0,
            kl_divergence: 0.01,
            compression_ratio: 4.0,
            speedup_factor: 2.0,
            memory_reduction: 0.75,
            layer_metrics: HashMap::new(),
        };

        Ok(CalibrationResult {
            method: config.method,
            primary_success: true,
            parameters,
            quality_metrics,
            cross_validation: None,
            method_comparison: None,
            recommendations: Vec::new(),
        })
    }

    fn get_default_parameters(
        &self,
        method: CalibrationMethod,
    ) -> HashMap<String, CalibrationParameter> {
        let mut params = HashMap::new();

        match method {
            CalibrationMethod::Entropy => {
                params.insert("num_bins".to_string(), CalibrationParameter::Int(2048));
                params.insert(
                    "divergence_threshold".to_string(),
                    CalibrationParameter::Float(0.01),
                );
            },
            CalibrationMethod::Percentile => {
                params.insert("percentile".to_string(), CalibrationParameter::Float(99.99));
                params.insert("symmetric".to_string(), CalibrationParameter::Bool(true));
            },
            CalibrationMethod::MSE => {
                params.insert(
                    "learning_rate".to_string(),
                    CalibrationParameter::Float(0.001),
                );
                params.insert(
                    "max_iterations".to_string(),
                    CalibrationParameter::Int(1000),
                );
            },
            _ => {
                // Default parameters for other methods
                params.insert("tolerance".to_string(), CalibrationParameter::Float(1e-6));
            },
        }

        params
    }

    fn calculate_overall_score(&self, metrics: &QualityMetrics) -> f32 {
        // Weighted combination of different metrics
        0.4 * metrics.accuracy_retention
            + 0.2 * (metrics.sqnr_db / 50.0).min(1.0)
            + 0.2 * (metrics.compression_ratio / 8.0).min(1.0)
            + 0.1 * metrics.speedup_factor / 4.0
            + 0.1 * metrics.memory_reduction
    }

    fn analyze_trade_offs(
        &self,
        method: CalibrationMethod,
        metrics: &QualityMetrics,
    ) -> TradeOffAnalysis {
        TradeOffAnalysis {
            method,
            accuracy_compression: metrics.accuracy_retention / (metrics.compression_ratio / 4.0),
            speed_quality: metrics.speedup_factor / 4.0 * metrics.accuracy_retention,
            memory_accuracy: metrics.memory_reduction * metrics.accuracy_retention,
            balance_score: self.calculate_overall_score(metrics),
        }
    }
}

/// Comprehensive calibration report
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CalibrationReport {
    /// Dataset name used for calibration
    pub dataset_name: String,
    /// Dataset metadata
    pub dataset_info: Option<CalibrationMetadata>,
    /// Calibration results
    pub calibration_result: CalibrationResult,
    /// Recommendations for improvement
    pub recommendations: Vec<CalibrationRecommendation>,
    /// Report generation timestamp
    pub generated_at: u64,
}

// Default implementations
impl Default for QualityThresholds {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            min_accuracy_retention: 0.95,
            max_sqnr_degradation: 5.0,
            max_kl_divergence: 0.1,
            max_latency_increase: 0.1,
            min_compression_ratio: 2.0,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for CrossValidationConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            enabled: true,
            folds: 5,
            validation_split: 0.2,
            random_seed: 42,
            stratified: false,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for CalibrationToolkit {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_toolkit_creation() {
        let toolkit = CalibrationToolkit::new();
        assert!(toolkit.datasets.is_empty());
        assert!(toolkit.configs.is_empty());
        assert!(toolkit.history.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_dataset_validation() {
        let toolkit = CalibrationToolkit::new();

        // Test empty dataset validation
        let empty_dataset = CalibrationDataset {
            name: "empty".to_string(),
            samples: Vec::new(),
            targets: None,
            metadata: CalibrationMetadata {
                description: "Empty dataset".to_string(),
                source: "test".to_string(),
                version: "1.0".to_string(),
                created_at: 0,
                tags: Vec::new(),
                model_type: "test".to_string(),
                recommended_methods: Vec::new(),
            },
            statistics: DatasetStatistics {
                sample_count: 0,
                input_shapes: Vec::new(),
                statistics: TensorStatistics {
                    mean: Vec::new(),
                    std: Vec::new(),
                    min: Vec::new(),
                    max: Vec::new(),
                    percentiles: Vec::new(),
                    skewness: Vec::new(),
                    kurtosis: Vec::new(),
                },
                dynamic_range: DynamicRange {
                    overall_range: 0.0,
                    channel_ranges: Vec::new(),
                    outlier_ratio: 0.0,
                    suggested_clip_min: 0.0,
                    suggested_clip_max: 0.0,
                },
                distribution: DistributionAnalysis {
                    distribution_type: DistributionType::Unknown,
                    normality_p_value: 0.0,
                    entropy: 0.0,
                    concentration: 0.0,
                    is_multimodal: false,
                    mode_count: None,
                },
            },
        };

        assert!(toolkit.validate_dataset(&empty_dataset).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quality_thresholds_default() {
        let thresholds = QualityThresholds::default();
        assert_eq!(thresholds.min_accuracy_retention, 0.95);
        assert_eq!(thresholds.max_sqnr_degradation, 5.0);
        assert_eq!(thresholds.min_compression_ratio, 2.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_method_enum() {
        let method = CalibrationMethod::Entropy;
        assert_eq!(method, CalibrationMethod::Entropy);

        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&method).expect("JSON serialization failed");
        let deserialized: CalibrationMethod =
            serde_json::from_str(&serialized).expect("JSON deserialization failed");
        assert_eq!(method, deserialized);
    }

    // ── CalibrationMethod variants ──

    #[test]
    fn test_all_calibration_methods() {
        let methods = [
            CalibrationMethod::Entropy,
            CalibrationMethod::Percentile,
            CalibrationMethod::MSE,
            CalibrationMethod::SQNR,
            CalibrationMethod::CrossEntropy,
            CalibrationMethod::Hessian,
            CalibrationMethod::ActivationAware,
            CalibrationMethod::Smooth,
            CalibrationMethod::SensitivityBased,
            CalibrationMethod::Learned,
        ];
        // Each method should be distinct
        for (i, a) in methods.iter().enumerate() {
            for (j, b) in methods.iter().enumerate() {
                if i == j {
                    assert_eq!(a, b);
                } else {
                    assert_ne!(a, b);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // ── DistributionType tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_distribution_type_variants() {
        let _types = [
            DistributionType::Normal,
            DistributionType::Uniform,
            DistributionType::Exponential,
            DistributionType::Laplace,
            DistributionType::Gamma,
            DistributionType::Beta,
            DistributionType::Multimodal,
            DistributionType::Unknown,
        ];
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_distribution_type_eq() {
        assert_eq!(DistributionType::Normal, DistributionType::Normal);
        assert_ne!(DistributionType::Normal, DistributionType::Uniform);
    }

    // ── CalibrationParameter tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_parameter_float() {
        let param = CalibrationParameter::Float(std::f32::consts::PI);
        let debug = format!("{:?}", param);
        assert!(debug.contains("3.14"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_parameter_int() {
        let param = CalibrationParameter::Int(42);
        let debug = format!("{:?}", param);
        assert!(debug.contains("42"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_parameter_bool() {
        let param = CalibrationParameter::Bool(true);
        let debug = format!("{:?}", param);
        assert!(debug.contains("true"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_parameter_string() {
        let param = CalibrationParameter::String("test".to_string());
        let debug = format!("{:?}", param);
        assert!(debug.contains("test"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_parameter_float_array() {
        let param = CalibrationParameter::FloatArray(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0]);
        let debug = format!("{:?}", param);
        assert!(debug.contains("FloatArray"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_parameter_int_array() {
        let param = CalibrationParameter::IntArray(vec![1, 2, 3]);
        let debug = format!("{:?}", param);
        assert!(debug.contains("IntArray"));
    }

    // ── QualityThresholds tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_quality_thresholds_clone() {
        let thresholds = QualityThresholds::default();
        let cloned = thresholds.clone();
        assert_eq!(
            cloned.min_accuracy_retention,
            thresholds.min_accuracy_retention
        );
        assert_eq!(cloned.max_sqnr_degradation, thresholds.max_sqnr_degradation);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quality_thresholds_custom() {
        let thresholds = QualityThresholds {
            min_accuracy_retention: 0.99,
            max_sqnr_degradation: 1.0,
            max_kl_divergence: 0.01,
            max_latency_increase: 0.05,
            min_compression_ratio: 4.0,
        };
        assert!((thresholds.min_accuracy_retention - 0.99).abs() < 1e-6);
        assert!((thresholds.min_compression_ratio - 4.0).abs() < 1e-6);
    }

    // ── CrossValidationConfig tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_cross_validation_config_default() {
        let config = CrossValidationConfig::default();
        assert!(config.enabled);
        assert_eq!(config.folds, 5);
        assert!((config.validation_split - 0.2).abs() < 1e-6);
        assert_eq!(config.random_seed, 42);
        assert!(!config.stratified);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cross_validation_config_clone() {
        let config = CrossValidationConfig::default();
        let cloned = config.clone();
        assert_eq!(cloned.folds, config.folds);
        assert_eq!(cloned.random_seed, config.random_seed);
    }

    // ── CalibrationToolkit tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_toolkit_default() {
        let toolkit = CalibrationToolkit::default();
        assert!(toolkit.datasets.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_toolkit_non_empty_dataset_validation() {
        let toolkit = CalibrationToolkit::new();
        let tensor = Tensor::ones(&[2, 3]).expect("Tensor creation failed");
        let dataset = CalibrationDataset {
            name: "valid".to_string(),
            samples: vec![tensor],
            targets: None,
            metadata: CalibrationMetadata {
                description: "Test dataset".to_string(),
                source: "test".to_string(),
                version: "1.0".to_string(),
                created_at: 0,
                tags: Vec::new(),
                model_type: "test".to_string(),
                recommended_methods: vec![CalibrationMethod::Entropy],
            },
            statistics: DatasetStatistics {
                sample_count: 1,
                input_shapes: vec![vec![2, 3]],
                statistics: TensorStatistics {
                    mean: vec![1.0],
                    std: vec![0.0],
                    min: vec![1.0],
                    max: vec![1.0],
                    percentiles: Vec::new(),
                    skewness: vec![0.0],
                    kurtosis: vec![0.0],
                },
                dynamic_range: DynamicRange {
                    overall_range: 0.0,
                    channel_ranges: Vec::new(),
                    outlier_ratio: 0.0,
                    suggested_clip_min: 1.0,
                    suggested_clip_max: 1.0,
                },
                distribution: DistributionAnalysis {
                    distribution_type: DistributionType::Normal,
                    normality_p_value: 0.5,
                    entropy: 0.0,
                    concentration: 1.0,
                    is_multimodal: false,
                    mode_count: Some(1),
                },
            },
        };
        assert!(toolkit.validate_dataset(&dataset).is_ok());
    }

    // ── DynamicRange tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_dynamic_range_clone() {
        let range = DynamicRange {
            overall_range: 10.0,
            channel_ranges: vec![5.0, 8.0],
            outlier_ratio: 0.01,
            suggested_clip_min: -5.0,
            suggested_clip_max: 5.0,
        };
        let cloned = range.clone();
        assert!((cloned.overall_range - 10.0).abs() < 1e-6);
        assert_eq!(cloned.channel_ranges.len(), 2);
    }

    // ── DistributionAnalysis tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_distribution_analysis_clone() {
        let analysis = DistributionAnalysis {
            distribution_type: DistributionType::Normal,
            normality_p_value: 0.95,
            entropy: 2.5,
            concentration: 0.8,
            is_multimodal: false,
            mode_count: Some(1),
        };
        let cloned = analysis.clone();
        assert_eq!(cloned.distribution_type, DistributionType::Normal);
        assert!((cloned.entropy - 2.5).abs() < 1e-6);
    }

    // ── TensorStatistics tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_tensor_statistics_clone() {
        let stats = TensorStatistics {
            mean: vec![0.0, 1.0],
            std: vec![1.0, 0.5],
            min: vec![-3.0, -1.0],
            max: vec![3.0, 2.0],
            percentiles: vec![vec![0.1, 0.5, 0.9]],
            skewness: vec![0.0],
            kurtosis: vec![3.0],
        };
        let cloned = stats.clone();
        assert_eq!(cloned.mean, vec![0.0, 1.0]);
        assert_eq!(cloned.std, vec![1.0, 0.5]);
    }

    // ── CalibrationMetadata tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_metadata_clone() {
        let metadata = CalibrationMetadata {
            description: "Test".to_string(),
            source: "test_source".to_string(),
            version: "1.0".to_string(),
            created_at: 12345,
            tags: vec!["tag1".to_string()],
            model_type: "transformer".to_string(),
            recommended_methods: vec![CalibrationMethod::MSE],
        };
        let cloned = metadata.clone();
        assert_eq!(cloned.description, "Test");
        assert_eq!(cloned.recommended_methods, vec![CalibrationMethod::MSE]);
    }

    // ── QualityMetrics tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_quality_metrics_clone() {
        let metrics = QualityMetrics {
            accuracy_retention: 0.98,
            sqnr_db: 30.0,
            kl_divergence: 0.01,
            compression_ratio: 4.0,
            speedup_factor: 2.0,
            memory_reduction: 0.75,
            layer_metrics: HashMap::new(),
        };
        let cloned = metrics.clone();
        assert!((cloned.accuracy_retention - 0.98).abs() < 1e-6);
        assert!((cloned.compression_ratio - 4.0).abs() < 1e-6);
    }

    // ── LayerQualityMetrics tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_layer_quality_metrics() {
        let metrics = LayerQualityMetrics {
            layer_name: "linear_0".to_string(),
            layer_type: "Linear".to_string(),
            quantization_error: 0.001,
            distribution_similarity: 0.99,
            gradient_preservation: 0.95,
            activation_preservation: 0.98,
        };
        let cloned = metrics.clone();
        assert_eq!(cloned.layer_name, "linear_0");
        assert!((cloned.quantization_error - 0.001).abs() < 1e-6);
    }

    // ── CalibrationParameters tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_parameters_empty() {
        let params = CalibrationParameters {
            scales: HashMap::new(),
            zero_points: HashMap::new(),
            clip_ranges: HashMap::new(),
            bit_allocations: HashMap::new(),
            extra_params: HashMap::new(),
        };
        assert!(params.scales.is_empty());
        assert!(params.zero_points.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_parameters_with_data() {
        let mut params = CalibrationParameters {
            scales: HashMap::new(),
            zero_points: HashMap::new(),
            clip_ranges: HashMap::new(),
            bit_allocations: HashMap::new(),
            extra_params: HashMap::new(),
        };
        params.scales.insert("layer_0".to_string(), vec![0.1, 0.2]);
        params.zero_points.insert("layer_0".to_string(), vec![0, 1]);
        params.clip_ranges.insert("layer_0".to_string(), (-1.0, 1.0));
        params.bit_allocations.insert("layer_0".to_string(), vec![4, 8]);

        assert_eq!(params.scales.get("layer_0").expect("should exist").len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(
            params.clip_ranges.get("layer_0").expect("should exist"),
            &(-1.0, 1.0)
        );
    }

    // ── CalibrationResult tests ──

    #[test]
    fn test_calibration_result_clone() {
        let result = CalibrationResult {
            method: CalibrationMethod::Entropy,
            primary_success: true,
            parameters: CalibrationParameters {
                scales: HashMap::new(),
                zero_points: HashMap::new(),
                clip_ranges: HashMap::new(),
                bit_allocations: HashMap::new(),
                extra_params: HashMap::new(),
            },
            quality_metrics: QualityMetrics {
                accuracy_retention: 0.99,
                sqnr_db: 35.0,
                kl_divergence: 0.001,
                compression_ratio: 4.0,
                speedup_factor: 2.5,
                memory_reduction: 0.75,
                layer_metrics: HashMap::new(),
            },
            cross_validation: None,
            method_comparison: None,
            recommendations: Vec::new(),
        };
        let cloned = result.clone();
        assert_eq!(cloned.method, CalibrationMethod::Entropy);
        assert!(cloned.primary_success);
    }
}