tldextract-rs 0.0.0

## Summary

**tldextract-rs** is a high performance [effective top level domains (eTLD)](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Public_Suffix_List) extraction module that extracts subcomponents from Domain.

- Using

```bash
Usage: tldextract-cli [-j] [-t <target>] [-i] [--disable-private-domains]

Reach new heights.

Options:
  -j, --json        print format json
  -t, --target      target
  -i, --interactive interactive mode
  --disable-private-domains
                    disable private domains
  --help            display usage information
```
- example

```bash
➜  tldextract-rs git:(main) ✗ tldextract-cli  -j -t mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
{
  "subdomain": "mirrors.tuna",
  "domain": "tsinghua",
  "suffix": "edu.cn",
  "registered_domain": "tsinghua.edu.cn"
}
 
```

## Implementation details

### Why not split on "." and take the last element instead?

Splitting on "." and taking the last element only works for simple eTLDs like `com`, but not more complex ones like `oseto.nagasaki.jp`.

### eTLD tries

**tldextract-rs** stores eTLDs in [compressed tries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trie).

Valid eTLDs from the [Mozilla Public Suffix List](http://www.publicsuffix.org) are appended to the compressed trie in reverse-order.

```sh
Given the following eTLDs
au
nsw.edu.au
com.ac
edu.ac
gov.ac

and the example URL host `example.nsw.edu.au`

The compressed trie will be structured as follows:

START
 ╠═ au 🚩 ✅
 ║  ╚═ edu ✅
 ║     ╚═ nsw 🚩 ✅
 ╚═ ac
    ╠═ com 🚩
    ╠═ edu 🚩
    ╚═ gov 🚩

=== Symbol meanings ===
🚩 : path to this node is a valid eTLD
✅ : path to this node found in example URL host `example.nsw.edu.au`
```

The URL host subcomponents are parsed from right-to-left until no more matching nodes can be found. In this example, the path of matching nodes are `au -> edu -> nsw`. Reversing the nodes gives the extracted eTLD `nsw.edu.au`.

## Acknowledgements

- [go-fasttld (Go)](https://github.com/elliotwutingfeng/go-fasttld)
- [tldextract (Python)](https://github.com/john-kurkowski/tldextract)