tinynote 0.2.0

//! A small line-based text buffer: the note being edited.
//!
//! Deliberately plain — no vim motions, no undo stack. Lines are `String`s and
//! positions are (line, char column); long lines are soft-wrapped by the view,
//! which owns the wrapping because it also owns the styling. Everything the
//! live-preview view needs is here.

use crossterm::event::{KeyCode, KeyEvent, KeyModifiers};

pub type Pos = (usize, usize);

#[derive(Default)]
pub struct Editor {
    lines: Vec<String>,
    pub cursor: Pos,
    /// Selection start; the cursor is the other end. `None` when nothing is selected.
    pub anchor: Option<Pos>,
    /// First visible source line.
    pub scroll: usize,
    /// Whether the view should chase the cursor on the next draw. Key handling
    /// sets it; the mouse wheel clears it, so a scrolled page stays put.
    follow_cursor: bool,
    /// The file ended with a newline, and should again after a save.
    trailing_newline: bool,
    /// The file used CRLF line endings, and should again after a save.
    crlf: bool,
}

impl Editor {
    pub fn new(content: &str) -> Editor {
        let mut lines: Vec<String> = content.lines().map(String::from).collect();
        if lines.is_empty() {
            lines.push(String::new());
        }
        Editor {
            lines,
            follow_cursor: true,
            trailing_newline: content.ends_with('\n'),
            crlf: content.contains("\r\n"),
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }

    /// Whether the view is still chasing the cursor. The draw needs to know:
    /// with images on screen a line is not always one row, so the vertical
    /// scroll gets a second, height-aware pass — but only when following.
    pub fn following(&self) -> bool {
        self.follow_cursor
    }

    pub fn lines(&self) -> &[String] {
        &self.lines
    }

    /// The buffer as it should be written back: the file's own line ending and
    /// its trailing newline are preserved, so notes shared with git or another
    /// editor aren't rewritten by merely opening them.
    pub fn text(&self) -> String {
        let sep = if self.crlf { "\r\n" } else { "\n" };
        let mut out = self.lines.join(sep);
        if self.trailing_newline {
            out.push_str(sep);
        }
        out
    }

    fn line_len(&self, row: usize) -> usize {
        self.lines.get(row).map_or(0, |l| l.chars().count())
    }

    /// Clamp an arbitrary (line, col) onto the buffer.
    pub fn clamp(&self, (row, col): Pos) -> Pos {
        let row = row.min(self.lines.len().saturating_sub(1));
        (row, col.min(self.line_len(row)))
    }

    fn byte_index(&self, (row, col): Pos) -> usize {
        self.lines[row]
            .char_indices()
            .nth(col)
            .map_or(self.lines[row].len(), |(b, _)| b)
    }

    /// Selection as an ordered (start, end) pair, if any text is selected.
    pub fn selection(&self) -> Option<(Pos, Pos)> {
        let a = self.anchor?;
        if a == self.cursor {
            return None;
        }
        Some(if a <= self.cursor {
            (a, self.cursor)
        } else {
            (self.cursor, a)
        })
    }

    /// Selected source columns on `row`, as a half-open range.
    pub fn selection_on(&self, row: usize) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
        let ((sr, sc), (er, ec)) = self.selection()?;
        if row < sr || row > er {
            return None;
        }
        let start = if row == sr { sc } else { 0 };
        let end = if row == er {
            ec
        } else {
            self.line_len(row) + 1 // include the newline, so the row reads as full
        };
        Some((start, end))
    }

    pub fn selected_text(&self) -> Option<String> {
        let ((sr, sc), (er, ec)) = self.selection()?;
        if sr == er {
            let s: String = self.lines[sr].chars().skip(sc).take(ec - sc).collect();
            return Some(s);
        }
        let mut out: String = self.lines[sr].chars().skip(sc).collect();
        for line in &self.lines[sr + 1..er] {
            out.push('\n');
            out.push_str(line);
        }
        out.push('\n');
        out.extend(self.lines[er].chars().take(ec));
        Some(out)
    }

    /// Replace one line wholesale (the preview's checkbox toggle).
    pub fn set_line(&mut self, row: usize, text: String) {
        if let Some(line) = self.lines.get_mut(row) {
            *line = text;
            self.cursor = self.clamp(self.cursor);
        }
    }

    pub fn clear_selection(&mut self) {
        self.anchor = None;
    }

    pub fn set_cursor(&mut self, pos: Pos) {
        self.cursor = self.clamp(pos);
        self.follow_cursor = true;
    }

    /// Move the cursor, extending the selection when `select` is set. Public
    /// for the view's display-row Up/Down, which needs the wrapping to know
    /// where the next visual row is.
    pub fn move_cursor(&mut self, pos: Pos, select: bool) {
        self.follow_cursor = true;
        self.move_to(pos, select);
    }

    /// Move the cursor, extending the selection when `select` is set.
    fn move_to(&mut self, pos: Pos, select: bool) {
        if select {
            if self.anchor.is_none() {
                self.anchor = Some(self.cursor);
            }
        } else {
            self.anchor = None;
        }
        self.cursor = self.clamp(pos);
    }

    pub fn delete_selection(&mut self) -> bool {
        let Some(((sr, sc), (er, ec))) = self.selection() else {
            return false;
        };
        let head: String = self.lines[sr].chars().take(sc).collect();
        let tail: String = self.lines[er].chars().skip(ec).collect();
        self.lines.splice(sr..=er, [head + &tail]);
        self.cursor = (sr, sc);
        self.anchor = None;
        true
    }

    pub fn insert_char(&mut self, c: char) {
        self.delete_selection();
        let at = self.byte_index(self.cursor);
        self.lines[self.cursor.0].insert(at, c);
        self.cursor.1 += 1;
    }

    /// Insert arbitrary text at the cursor, newlines and all (a paste).
    pub fn insert_str(&mut self, text: &str) {
        self.delete_selection();
        for (i, part) in text.replace("\r\n", "\n").split('\n').enumerate() {
            if i > 0 {
                self.insert_newline();
            }
            for c in part.chars() {
                if c != '\r' {
                    self.insert_char(c);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn insert_newline(&mut self) {
        self.delete_selection();
        let (row, col) = self.cursor;
        let at = self.byte_index((row, col));
        let tail = self.lines[row].split_off(at);
        self.lines.insert(row + 1, tail);
        self.cursor = (row + 1, 0);
    }

    pub fn backspace(&mut self) {
        if self.delete_selection() {
            return;
        }
        let (row, col) = self.cursor;
        if col > 0 {
            let at = self.byte_index((row, col - 1));
            self.lines[row].remove(at);
            self.cursor.1 = col - 1;
        } else if row > 0 {
            let line = self.lines.remove(row);
            let prev = self.line_len(row - 1);
            self.lines[row - 1].push_str(&line);
            self.cursor = (row - 1, prev);
        }
    }

    pub fn delete_forward(&mut self) {
        if self.delete_selection() {
            return;
        }
        let (row, col) = self.cursor;
        if col < self.line_len(row) {
            let at = self.byte_index((row, col));
            self.lines[row].remove(at);
        } else if row + 1 < self.lines.len() {
            let next = self.lines.remove(row + 1);
            self.lines[row].push_str(&next);
        }
    }

    fn left(&self) -> Pos {
        let (row, col) = self.cursor;
        if col > 0 {
            (row, col - 1)
        } else if row > 0 {
            (row - 1, self.line_len(row - 1))
        } else {
            (0, 0)
        }
    }

    fn right(&self) -> Pos {
        let (row, col) = self.cursor;
        if col < self.line_len(row) {
            (row, col + 1)
        } else if row + 1 < self.lines.len() {
            (row + 1, 0)
        } else {
            self.cursor
        }
    }

    /// Delete from the cursor back to the start of the line (Cmd+Backspace).
    /// On an already-empty prefix this joins with the previous line, like a
    /// plain backspace, so the key is never a no-op mid-buffer.
    pub fn delete_to_line_start(&mut self) {
        if self.delete_selection() {
            return;
        }
        let (row, col) = self.cursor;
        if col == 0 {
            self.backspace();
            return;
        }
        let at = self.byte_index((row, col));
        let tail = self.lines[row][at..].to_string();
        self.lines[row] = tail;
        self.cursor = (row, 0);
    }

    /// Delete the word before the cursor (Option+Backspace).
    pub fn delete_prev_word(&mut self) {
        if self.delete_selection() {
            return;
        }
        let (row, col) = self.cursor;
        if col == 0 {
            self.backspace();
            return;
        }
        let start = self.word_left(row, col);
        let from = self.byte_index((row, start));
        let to = self.byte_index((row, col));
        self.lines[row].replace_range(from..to, "");
        self.cursor = (row, start);
    }

    /// The last position in the buffer.
    fn doc_end(&self) -> Pos {
        let last = self.lines.len().saturating_sub(1);
        (last, self.line_len(last))
    }

    /// Handle one key. Returns true if the buffer changed.
    pub fn on_key(&mut self, key: KeyEvent) -> bool {
        self.follow_cursor = true;
        let m = key.modifiers;
        let select = m.contains(KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
        // Cmd, when the terminal reports it (kitty keyboard protocol).
        let line_wise = m.contains(KeyModifiers::SUPER);
        // Option/Alt — and Ctrl, which many terminals send for word motion.
        let word =
            !line_wise && (m.contains(KeyModifiers::ALT) || m.contains(KeyModifiers::CONTROL));
        let (row, col) = self.cursor;

        // The legacy bytes a terminal sends for the Mac editing keys when it
        // does *not* report Cmd/Option on the key itself. Ghostty's default
        // macOS keybinds rewrite them this way before the kitty keyboard
        // protocol ever gets a look in, so ⌘← arrives as a plain Ctrl-A and
        // this is the only path that sees it. They are the classic readline
        // chords besides, so binding them costs nothing.
        if let Some(changed) = self.legacy_chord(key, select) {
            return changed;
        }

        match key.code {
            // ctrl-chords belong to the app, not the buffer
            KeyCode::Char(_) if key.modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::CONTROL) => {}
            KeyCode::Char(c) => {
                self.insert_char(c);
                return true;
            }
            KeyCode::Enter => {
                self.insert_newline();
                return true;
            }
            KeyCode::Backspace => {
                if line_wise {
                    self.delete_to_line_start();
                } else if word {
                    self.delete_prev_word();
                } else {
                    self.backspace();
                }
                return true;
            }
            KeyCode::Delete => {
                self.delete_forward();
                return true;
            }
            KeyCode::Tab => {
                for _ in 0..2 {
                    self.insert_char(' ');
                }
                return true;
            }
            KeyCode::Left => {
                let to = if line_wise {
                    (row, 0)
                } else if word && col > 0 {
                    (row, self.word_left(row, col))
                } else {
                    self.left()
                };
                self.move_to(to, select);
            }
            KeyCode::Right => {
                let to = if line_wise {
                    (row, self.line_len(row))
                } else if word && col < self.line_len(row) {
                    (row, self.word_right(row, col))
                } else {
                    self.right()
                };
                self.move_to(to, select);
            }
            KeyCode::Up if line_wise => self.move_to((0, 0), select),
            KeyCode::Down if line_wise => {
                let end = self.doc_end();
                self.move_to(end, select);
            }
            KeyCode::Up => self.move_to((row.saturating_sub(1), col), select),
            KeyCode::Down => self.move_to((row + 1, col), select),
            KeyCode::Home => self.move_to((row, 0), select),
            KeyCode::End => self.move_to((row, self.line_len(row)), select),
            KeyCode::PageUp => self.move_to((row.saturating_sub(10), col), select),
            KeyCode::PageDown => self.move_to((row + 10, col), select),
            KeyCode::Esc => self.clear_selection(),
            _ => {}
        }
        false
    }

    /// The legacy Mac-editing chords, or `None` if this key isn't one.
    /// `Some(changed)` mirrors [`Editor::on_key`]'s own return.
    fn legacy_chord(&mut self, key: KeyEvent, select: bool) -> Option<bool> {
        let m = key.modifiers;
        let ctrl = m.contains(KeyModifiers::CONTROL);
        let alt = m.contains(KeyModifiers::ALT);
        let (row, col) = self.cursor;
        match key.code {
            // ⌘← / ⌘→ reach us as Ctrl-A / Ctrl-E
            KeyCode::Char('a') if ctrl => self.move_to((row, 0), select),
            KeyCode::Char('e') if ctrl => self.move_to((row, self.line_len(row)), select),
            // ⌘⌫ as Ctrl-U, ⌥⌫ as Ctrl-W
            KeyCode::Char('u') if ctrl => {
                self.delete_to_line_start();
                return Some(true);
            }
            KeyCode::Char('w') if ctrl => {
                self.delete_prev_word();
                return Some(true);
            }
            // ⌥← / ⌥→ as ESC b / ESC f
            KeyCode::Char('b') if alt && !ctrl => {
                let to = if col > 0 {
                    (row, self.word_left(row, col))
                } else {
                    self.left()
                };
                self.move_to(to, select);
            }
            KeyCode::Char('f') if alt && !ctrl => {
                let to = if col < self.line_len(row) {
                    (row, self.word_right(row, col))
                } else {
                    self.right()
                };
                self.move_to(to, select);
            }
            // ⌘↑ / ⌘↓ have no legacy encoding at all — Ghostty keeps them for
            // its own scrollback jumping — so Ctrl-Home / Ctrl-End stand in,
            // which is what most terminals send for them anyway.
            KeyCode::Home if ctrl => self.move_to((0, 0), select),
            KeyCode::End if ctrl => {
                let end = self.doc_end();
                self.move_to(end, select);
            }
            _ => return None,
        }
        Some(false)
    }

    fn word_left(&self, row: usize, col: usize) -> usize {
        let chars: Vec<char> = self.lines[row].chars().collect();
        let mut i = col;
        while i > 0 && !chars[i - 1].is_alphanumeric() {
            i -= 1;
        }
        while i > 0 && chars[i - 1].is_alphanumeric() {
            i -= 1;
        }
        i
    }

    fn word_right(&self, row: usize, col: usize) -> usize {
        let chars: Vec<char> = self.lines[row].chars().collect();
        let mut i = col;
        while i < chars.len() && !chars[i].is_alphanumeric() {
            i += 1;
        }
        while i < chars.len() && chars[i].is_alphanumeric() {
            i += 1;
        }
        i
    }

    /// Scroll the page without moving the cursor (the mouse wheel). The view
    /// stops chasing the cursor until the next keystroke.
    pub fn scroll_by(&mut self, delta: isize) {
        let max = self.lines.len().saturating_sub(1);
        self.scroll = (self.scroll as isize + delta).clamp(0, max as isize) as usize;
        self.follow_cursor = false;
    }

    /// Keep the cursor's line on screen for a viewport of `height` rows. This
    /// is the coarse, one-row-per-line pass; the draw refines it in display
    /// rows once it knows how many rows each line wrapped to. Does nothing
    /// while the page is being scrolled by hand.
    pub fn scroll_into_view(&mut self, height: usize) {
        if !self.follow_cursor {
            return;
        }
        let height = height.max(1);
        if self.cursor.0 < self.scroll {
            self.scroll = self.cursor.0;
        } else if self.cursor.0 >= self.scroll + height {
            self.scroll = self.cursor.0 + 1 - height;
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn ed() -> Editor {
        Editor::new("one\ntwo\nthree")
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_and_backspace() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("ab");
        e.set_cursor((0, 1));
        e.insert_char('X');
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "aXb");
        e.backspace();
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "ab");
    }

    #[test]
    fn newline_splits_and_backspace_joins() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("hello");
        e.set_cursor((0, 2));
        e.insert_newline();
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "he\nllo");
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 0));
        e.backspace();
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "hello");
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (0, 2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn multiline_selection_text_and_delete() {
        let mut e = ed();
        e.anchor = Some((0, 1));
        e.cursor = (2, 2);
        assert_eq!(e.selected_text().unwrap(), "ne\ntwo\nth");
        assert_eq!(e.selection_on(1), Some((0, 4)));
        e.delete_selection();
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "oree");
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (0, 1));
    }

    #[test]
    fn paste_inserts_multiple_lines() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("ab");
        e.set_cursor((0, 1));
        e.insert_str("X\r\nY");
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "aX\nYb");
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 1));
    }

    #[test]
    fn clamp_keeps_positions_inside() {
        let e = ed();
        assert_eq!(e.clamp((9, 9)), (2, 5));
        assert_eq!(e.clamp((1, 99)), (1, 3));
    }

    #[test]
    fn saving_keeps_the_file_s_trailing_newline_and_line_endings() {
        assert_eq!(Editor::new("a\nb\n").text(), "a\nb\n");
        assert_eq!(Editor::new("a\nb").text(), "a\nb");
        assert_eq!(Editor::new("a\r\nb\r\n").text(), "a\r\nb\r\n");
    }

    #[test]
    fn wheel_scrolling_is_not_snapped_back_to_the_cursor() {
        let mut e = Editor::new(&"x\n".repeat(50));
        e.scroll_by(10);
        e.scroll_into_view(5);
        assert_eq!(
            e.scroll, 10,
            "the wheel's scroll must survive the next frame"
        );
        // a keystroke puts the view back on the cursor
        e.on_key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Down, KeyModifiers::NONE));
        e.scroll_into_view(5);
        assert_eq!(e.scroll, e.cursor.0);
    }

    fn key(code: KeyCode, mods: KeyModifiers) -> KeyEvent {
        KeyEvent::new(code, mods)
    }

    const SUPER: KeyModifiers = KeyModifiers::SUPER;
    const ALT: KeyModifiers = KeyModifiers::ALT;
    const SHIFT: KeyModifiers = KeyModifiers::SHIFT;

    #[test]
    fn cmd_arrows_go_to_line_and_document_ends() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("one two\nthree four\nfive");
        e.set_cursor((1, 4));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Left, SUPER));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 0));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Right, SUPER));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 10));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Up, SUPER));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (0, 0));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Down, SUPER));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (2, 4));
        // Home/End still work for terminals without the protocol
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Home, KeyModifiers::NONE));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (2, 0));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::End, KeyModifiers::NONE));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (2, 4));
    }

    #[test]
    fn option_arrows_move_by_word_and_cross_lines_at_the_edges() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("alpha beta\ngamma");
        e.set_cursor((0, 10));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Left, ALT));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (0, 6));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Left, ALT));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (0, 0));
        // at the very start of a line, word-left falls back to joining motion
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Right, ALT));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (0, 5));
        e.set_cursor((0, 10));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Right, ALT));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 0), "past the end of a line, wrap to the next");
    }

    const CTRL: KeyModifiers = KeyModifiers::CONTROL;

    /// Exactly what Ghostty's default macOS keybinds put on the wire for the
    /// Mac editing keys — the kitty protocol never sees them.
    #[test]
    fn the_legacy_mac_editing_chords_move_and_delete() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("alpha beta\ngamma delta\nlast");
        e.set_cursor((1, 6));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Char('a'), CTRL)); // ⌘←
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 0));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Char('e'), CTRL)); // ⌘→
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 11));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Char('b'), ALT)); // ⌥←
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 6));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Char('f'), ALT)); // ⌥→
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 11));
        // ⌘↑ / ⌘↓ stand-ins
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Home, CTRL));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (0, 0));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::End, CTRL));
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (2, 4));

        // ⌘⌫ and ⌥⌫
        let mut e = Editor::new("alpha beta");
        e.set_cursor((0, 10));
        assert!(e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Char('w'), CTRL)));
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "alpha ");
        assert!(e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Char('u'), CTRL)));
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "");
        // ⌥⌫ also arrives as ESC DEL, which crossterm reports as alt-backspace
        let mut e = Editor::new("alpha beta");
        e.set_cursor((0, 10));
        assert!(e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Backspace, ALT)));
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "alpha ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_legacy_chords_extend_a_selection_and_leave_plain_letters_alone() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("alpha beta");
        e.set_cursor((0, 10));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Char('a'), CTRL | SHIFT));
        assert_eq!(e.selected_text().unwrap(), "alpha beta");
        // an unmodified letter is still just typed, chord letters included
        let mut e = Editor::new("");
        for c in "abefuw".chars() {
            assert!(e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Char(c), KeyModifiers::NONE)));
        }
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "abefuw");
    }

    #[test]
    fn shift_extends_the_selection_for_the_new_movements() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("alpha beta\ngamma");
        e.set_cursor((0, 10));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Left, SUPER | SHIFT));
        assert_eq!(e.selected_text().unwrap(), "alpha beta");
        e.set_cursor((0, 10));
        e.clear_selection();
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Left, ALT | SHIFT));
        assert_eq!(e.selected_text().unwrap(), "beta");
        e.set_cursor((0, 0));
        e.clear_selection();
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Down, SUPER | SHIFT));
        assert_eq!(e.selected_text().unwrap(), "alpha beta\ngamma");
    }

    #[test]
    fn cmd_backspace_kills_to_the_line_start() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("one\nhello there");
        e.set_cursor((1, 6));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Backspace, SUPER));
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "one\nthere");
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (1, 0));
        // already at column 0: joins with the line above, like a plain backspace
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Backspace, SUPER));
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "onethere");
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (0, 3));
    }

    #[test]
    fn option_backspace_kills_the_previous_word() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("alpha beta gamma");
        e.set_cursor((0, 16));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Backspace, ALT));
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "alpha beta ");
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Backspace, ALT));
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "alpha ");
        assert_eq!(e.cursor, (0, 6));
    }

    #[test]
    fn word_deletion_is_char_wise_over_unicode() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("café crème");
        e.set_cursor((0, 10));
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Backspace, ALT));
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "café ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_modified_backspace_deletes_the_selection_first() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("alpha beta");
        e.anchor = Some((0, 0));
        e.cursor = (0, 6);
        e.on_key(key(KeyCode::Backspace, ALT));
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "beta");
        assert_eq!(e.anchor, None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn unicode_columns_are_chars_not_bytes() {
        let mut e = Editor::new("café");
        e.set_cursor((0, 4));
        e.backspace();
        assert_eq!(e.text(), "caf");
    }
}