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//! Example: Creating a 3MF file with Boolean Operations
//!
//! This example demonstrates how to use the Boolean Operations extension
//! to create complex shapes through Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG).
//!
//! The example creates:
//! - A cube mesh (base object)
//! - A sphere mesh (operand)
//! - A boolean shape that subtracts the sphere from the cube
//!
//! # Running the example
//!
//! ```bash
//! cargo run --example boolean_write --features "io-write"
//! ```
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::BufWriter;
use threemf2::{
core::{
OptionalResourceId, OptionalResourceIndex,
boolean::{Boolean, BooleanOperation, BooleanShape},
build::{Build, Item},
mesh::{Mesh, Triangle, Triangles, Vertex, Vertices},
metadata::Metadata,
model::{Model, Unit},
object::{Object, ObjectKind, ObjectType},
resources::Resources,
},
io::ThreemfPackage,
};
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
println!("Creating 3MF file with boolean operations...");
// Create a simple cube mesh (base object for boolean operation)
let cube_mesh_1 = Mesh {
vertices: Vertices {
vertex: vec![
// Bottom face (z = 0)
Vertex::new(-5.0, -5.0, 0.0), // 0
Vertex::new(5.0, -5.0, 0.0), // 1
Vertex::new(5.0, 5.0, 0.0), // 2
Vertex::new(-5.0, 5.0, 0.0), // 3
// Top face (z = 10)
Vertex::new(-5.0, -5.0, 10.0), // 4
Vertex::new(5.0, -5.0, 10.0), // 5
Vertex::new(5.0, 5.0, 10.0), // 6
Vertex::new(-5.0, 5.0, 10.0), // 7
],
},
triangles: Triangles {
triangle: vec![
// Bottom face
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 1,
v3: 2,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 2,
v3: 3,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
// Top face
Triangle {
v1: 4,
v2: 6,
v3: 5,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 4,
v2: 7,
v3: 6,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
// Front face
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 5,
v3: 1,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 4,
v3: 5,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
// Back face
Triangle {
v1: 2,
v2: 7,
v3: 3,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 2,
v2: 6,
v3: 7,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
// Left face
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 7,
v3: 4,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 3,
v3: 7,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
// Right face
Triangle {
v1: 1,
v2: 6,
v3: 2,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 1,
v2: 5,
v3: 6,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
],
},
trianglesets: None,
beamlattice: None,
};
// Create another cube mesh (operand for boolean operation)
let cube_mesh_2 = Mesh {
vertices: Vertices {
vertex: vec![
// Bottom face (z = 3)
Vertex::new(-2.0, -2.0, 3.0), // 0
Vertex::new(2.0, -2.0, 3.0), // 1
Vertex::new(2.0, 2.0, 3.0), // 2
Vertex::new(-2.0, 2.0, 3.0), // 3
// Top face (z = 7)
Vertex::new(-2.0, -2.0, 7.0), // 4
Vertex::new(2.0, -2.0, 7.0), // 5
Vertex::new(2.0, 2.0, 7.0), // 6
Vertex::new(-2.0, 2.0, 7.0), // 7
],
},
triangles: Triangles {
triangle: vec![
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 1,
v3: 2,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 2,
v3: 3,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 4,
v2: 6,
v3: 5,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 4,
v2: 7,
v3: 6,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 5,
v3: 1,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 4,
v3: 5,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 2,
v2: 7,
v3: 3,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 2,
v2: 6,
v3: 7,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 7,
v3: 4,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 0,
v2: 3,
v3: 7,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 1,
v2: 6,
v3: 2,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
Triangle {
v1: 1,
v2: 5,
v3: 6,
p1: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p2: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
p3: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
},
],
},
trianglesets: None,
beamlattice: None,
};
// Create the boolean shape: cube minus sphere (difference operation)
let boolean_shape = BooleanShape {
objectid: 1, // References cube object
operation: BooleanOperation::Difference,
transform: None,
path: None,
booleans: vec![Boolean {
objectid: 2, // References sphere object
transform: None,
path: None,
}],
};
// Create objects
let cube_object_1 = Object {
id: 1,
objecttype: Some(ObjectType::Model),
thumbnail: None,
partnumber: None,
name: Some("Cube".to_string()),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
pindex: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
uuid: None,
kind: Some(ObjectKind::Mesh(cube_mesh_1)),
// mesh: Some(cube_mesh_1),
};
let cube_object_2 = Object {
id: 2,
objecttype: Some(ObjectType::Model),
thumbnail: None,
partnumber: None,
name: Some("Sphere".to_string()),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
pindex: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
uuid: None,
kind: Some(ObjectKind::Mesh(cube_mesh_2)),
// mesh: Some(cube_mesh_2),
};
let result_object = Object {
id: 3,
objecttype: Some(ObjectType::Model),
thumbnail: None,
partnumber: None,
name: Some("CubeMinusSphere".to_string()),
pid: OptionalResourceId::none(),
pindex: OptionalResourceIndex::none(),
uuid: None,
kind: Some(ObjectKind::BooleanShape(boolean_shape)),
};
// Create the model
let model = Model {
unit: Some(Unit::Millimeter),
requiredextensions: Some("bo".to_string()), // Boolean extension is required
recommendedextensions: None,
metadata: vec![
Metadata {
name: "Application".to_string(),
preserve: None,
value: Some("Boolean Example".to_string()),
},
Metadata {
name: "Description".to_string(),
preserve: None,
value: Some("Cube 1 minus Cube 1 using CSG".to_string()),
},
],
resources: Resources {
object: vec![cube_object_1, cube_object_2, result_object],
basematerials: vec![],
},
build: Build {
uuid: None,
item: vec![Item {
objectid: 3, // Build the boolean result
transform: None,
partnumber: None,
path: None,
uuid: None,
}],
},
};
println!(" Created cube mesh 1 (object id: 1)");
println!(" Created cube mesh 2 (object id: 2)");
println!(" Created boolean shape: cube 1 - cube 2 (object id: 3)");
println!(" Added boolean result to build plate");
println!("\nModel statistics:");
println!(" Objects: {}", model.resources.object.len());
println!(" Build items: {}", model.build.item.len());
if let Some(ref extensions) = model.requiredextensions {
println!(" Required extensions: {}", extensions);
}
// Create 3MF package and write to file
let package: ThreemfPackage = model.into();
let output_path = "boolean_example.3mf";
let file = File::create(output_path)?;
let writer = BufWriter::new(file);
package.write(writer)?;
println!("\nSuccessfully wrote 3MF file: {}", output_path);
println!("\nNote: This example uses simple cubes to approximate geometry.");
Ok(())
}