tag-vec 0.0.2

use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::hash::Hash;

mod dyn_bit_field;
use dyn_bit_field::DynamicBitField;
mod bit_field;
mod query;

// Reexport a bunch of stuff
// (i.e. flatten the hierarchy to make the api easier to use)
pub use bit_field::BitField;
pub use query::Query;
pub use query::Expression;
pub use query::expressions;

/// This is the main star of this crate.
/// It is an efficient model of a vector of elements,
/// where each element is just a set of tags.
///
/// This datatype is intended to handle requests for a huge set
/// of elements whose tags fulfill a requirement, i.e. "all elements
/// with the tag 'fruit' but not with the tag 'apple'.
///
/// It is expected that the elements share a lot of tags, i.e.
/// there are a lot fewer tags than elements.
///
/// It is not optimized for simply iterating over the tags
/// of each element, hence it is not recommended to do such
/// a thing with this datatype too much.
pub struct TagVec<T, F = u32>
		where T: Eq + Hash + Clone, F: BitField {
	tag_fields: HashMap<T, DynamicBitField<F>>,
	len: usize,
}

impl<T: Eq + Hash + Clone, F: BitField> TagVec<T, F> {
	// I don't think this needs an example?
	/// Creates an empty, new bit vector.
	pub fn new() -> TagVec<T, F> {
		TagVec {
			tag_fields: HashMap::new(),
			len: 0,
		}
	}

	/// The number of elements in the TagVec
	pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.len }

	/// Pushes a new element onto the bitvec,
	/// where the new element is defined
	/// as an iterator of tags(borrows of tags specifically)
	/// 
	/// And OMG the generics on this function are
	/// crazy
	pub fn push<'a, I, Q>(&mut self, tags: I) 
		where I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a Q>,
				Q: ?Sized + Hash + Eq + 'a,
				T: From<&'a Q> + std::borrow::Borrow<Q> {
		// Vec doesn't allocate when created, and
		// we will rarely see unknown tags come forth,
		// so this won't be a performance hog
		let mut skipped_tags: Vec<T> = Vec::new();	

		// Add tags to existing tag fields
		for tag in tags {
			match self.tag_fields.get_mut(tag) {
				Some(field) => field.push(true),
				None => skipped_tags.push(tag.into()),
			}
		}

		// Push false to any tag fields that this element didn't contain
		for tag_field in self.tag_fields.values_mut() {
			if tag_field.len() < self.len + 1 {
				tag_field.push(false);
			}
		}

		// Create new tag fields for tags that appeared just now
		// This shouldn't run too often since there are fewer tags than values hopefully
		for skipped_tag in skipped_tags {
			let mut new_field = DynamicBitField::with_false(self.len());
			new_field.push(true); // This is the first element to have the tag
			self.tag_fields.insert(skipped_tag, new_field);
		}

		self.len += 1;
	}

	/// Iterates over all elements who fulfill the given expression.
	/// The behind the scenes of this function are complete and utter
	/// black magic code, and that code is indeed very strange.
	/// Nonetheless, the use of this function is not strange, and in
	/// fact quite intuitive
	///
	/// ```
	/// use tag_vec::TagVec;
	///
	/// // Make it easier to construct an expression
	/// use tag_vec::expressions::*;
	///
	/// // Construct a tag_vec
	/// let mut tag_vec: TagVec<String> = TagVec::new();
	/// tag_vec.push(vec!["hello", "world"]);
	/// tag_vec.push(vec!["rust", "is", "good"]);
	/// tag_vec.push(vec!["hello", "is", "good"]);
	/// tag_vec.push(vec!["hello", "rust"]);
	///
	/// // Query something
	/// let mut query = tag_vec.query(tag("hello"));
   /// // The first element to contain the tag "hello" is number 0
	/// assert_eq!(query.next(), Some(0)); 
	/// // ... and so on
	/// assert_eq!(query.next(), Some(2)); 
	/// assert_eq!(query.next(), Some(3)); 
	/// assert_eq!(query.next(), None); // Oops, we ran out!
	///
	/// // Query something more complicated
	/// let mut query = tag_vec.query(and(tag("rust"), tag("good")));
   /// // Element "1" is the only element with both the "rust" and "good" tags
	/// assert_eq!(query.next(), Some(1)); 
	/// assert_eq!(query.next(), None);
	/// ```
	pub fn query<'a, Q>(&'a self, expr: query::Expression<'a, Q>) -> query::Query<'a, F>  
			where Q: ?Sized + Hash + Eq + 'a,
					T: std::borrow::Borrow<Q> {
		query::Query::create_from(self, expr)
	}

	/// Iterates over each tag of an element(an element is considered
	/// to _be_ its tags). The iterator is unordered, so be careful.
	/// Will panic if the index is out of bounds.
	///
	/// Examples:
	/// ```
	/// use tag_vec::TagVec;
	/// // It is good to give the type of the key to
	/// // the type, as it may be difficult for the compiler
	/// // to infer it
	/// let mut tag_vec: TagVec<String> = TagVec::new();
	/// tag_vec.push(vec!["hello", "world"]);
	///
	/// // We should find a "hello" tag but not a "hi" tag
	/// // in the iterator
	/// let tags = tag_vec.iter_element(0);
	/// assert!(tags.clone().any(|v| *v == "hello"));
	/// assert!(!tags.clone().any(|v| *v == "hi"));
	/// ```
	pub fn iter_element<'a>(&'a self, index: usize) -> IterElement<'a, T, F>
	{
		assert!(index < self.len(), "Cannot iter over an element out of bounds");

		IterElement {
			fields: self.tag_fields.iter(),
			element_id: index
		}
	}
}

/// Iterates over every tag over an element.
/// See ``TagVec::iter_element`` for more
/// information.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct IterElement<'a, T, F>
		where T: Eq + Hash + Clone, F: BitField {
	fields: std::collections::hash_map::Iter<'a, T, DynamicBitField<F>>,
	element_id: usize,
}

impl<T: Eq + Hash + Clone, F: BitField> std::iter::FusedIterator for IterElement<'_, T, F> {}

impl<'a, T: Eq + Hash + Clone, F: BitField> Iterator for IterElement<'a, T, F> {
	type Item = &'a T;

	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> {
		// Try to find the next field that contains this element.
		// Once you find one, return it. 
		while let Some((key, field)) = self.fields.next() {
			if field.get_unchecked(self.element_id) {
				return Some(key);
			}
		}

		None
	}
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
	use super::*;

	#[test]
	fn pushing() {
		let mut tags = TagVec::<String>::new();
		assert_eq!(tags.tag_fields.len(), 0);
		tags.push(vec!["hello", "sir"]);
		tags.push(vec!["other", "sir"]);

		// Testing implementation detail thing, not part of
		// the API
		assert_eq!(tags.tag_fields.len(), 3);

		let tag_vec: Vec<_> = tags.iter_element(0).collect();
		assert_eq!(tag_vec.len(), 2);
		assert!(tag_vec.iter().any(|v| *v == "hello"));
		assert!(tag_vec.iter().any(|v| *v == "sir"));
	}

	#[test]
	fn extreme_queries() {
		let mut tags = TagVec::<String, u8>::new();
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi2", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi2", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi2", "yuh"]);
		tags.push(vec!["hi", "yuh"]);

		use super::expressions::*;
		let contains: Vec<_> = tags.query(tag("hi2")).collect();
		assert_eq!(contains.len(), 3);
		assert_eq!(contains[0], 1);
		assert_eq!(contains[1], 12);
		assert_eq!(contains[2], 19);
	}
}