tabled

An easy to use library for pretty printing tables of Rust structs and enums.

Table of Contents

• Usage
• Settings
  • Style
    • Themes
      • ASCII
      • Psql
      • Github Markdown
      • Modern
      • ReStructuredText
      • Extended
      • Dots
      • Blank
      • Custom
    • Cell Border
    • Text in a top border
  • Alignment
  • Format
  • Padding
  • Margin
  • Max width
  • Min width
  • Rotate
  • Disable
  • Extract
    • Refinishing
  • Header and Footer
  • Concat
  • Highlight
  • Column span
• Derive
  • Column name override
  • Hide a column
  • Custom field formatting
  • Inline
• Features
  • Color
  • Tuple combination
  • Object
• Views
  • Expanded display
• Notes
  • ANSI escape codes
  • Dynamic table
  • Emoji

Usage

To print a list of structs or enums as a table your types should implement the the Tabled trait or derive with a #[derive(Tabled)] macro.

use tabled::{Tabled, Table};

#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Language {
    name: &'static str,
    designed_by: &'static str,
    invented_year: usize,
}

let languages = vec![
    Language{
        name: "C",
        designed_by: "Dennis Ritchie",
        invented_year: 1972
    },
    Language{
        name: "Rust",
        designed_by: "Graydon Hoare",
        invented_year: 2010
    },
    Language{
        name: "Go",
        designed_by: "Rob Pike",
        invented_year: 2009
    },
];

let table = Table::new(languages).to_string();

let expected = "+------+----------------+---------------+\n\
                | name |  designed_by   | invented_year |\n\
                +------+----------------+---------------+\n\
                |  C   | Dennis Ritchie |     1972      |\n\
                +------+----------------+---------------+\n\
                | Rust | Graydon Hoare  |     2010      |\n\
                +------+----------------+---------------+\n\
                |  Go  |    Rob Pike    |     2009      |\n\
                +------+----------------+---------------+\n";

assert_eq!(table, expected);

Most of the default types implement the trait out of the box.

use tabled::TableIteratorExt;
let some_numbers = [1, 2, 3];
let table = some_numbers.table();

Settings

In this section is listened a set of settings you can apply for your table.

Style

Themes

There are a list of ready to use styles. Each style can be castomized.

A custom style also can be created from scratch.

A style can be used by passing it to .with method of Table.

use tabled::{Table, Style};

let table = Table::new(&data).with(Style::psql());

Bellow rendered a list of pre configured styles.

If you think that there's some valuable style to be added, Please open an issue.

ASCII

+------+----------------+---------------+
| name |  designed_by   | invented_year |
+------+----------------+---------------+
|  C   | Dennis Ritchie |     1972      |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| Rust | Graydon Hoare  |     2010      |
+------+----------------+---------------+
|  Go  |    Rob Pike    |     2009      |
+------+----------------+---------------+

Psql

 name |  designed_by   | invented_year 
------+----------------+---------------
  C   | Dennis Ritchie |     1972      
 Rust | Graydon Hoare  |     2010      
  Go  |    Rob Pike    |     2009      

Github Markdown

| name |  designed_by   | invented_year |
|------+----------------+---------------|
|  C   | Dennis Ritchie |     1972      |
| Rust | Graydon Hoare  |     2010      |
|  Go  |    Rob Pike    |     2009      |

Modern

┌──────┬────────────────┬───────────────┐
│ name │  designed_by   │ invented_year │
├──────┼────────────────┼───────────────┤
│  C   │ Dennis Ritchie │     1972      │
├──────┼────────────────┼───────────────┤
│ Rust │ Graydon Hoare  │     2010      │
├──────┼────────────────┼───────────────┤
│  Go  │    Rob Pike    │     2009      │
└──────┴────────────────┴───────────────┘

ReStructuredText

====== ================ ===============
 name    designed_by     invented_year 
====== ================ ===============
  C     Dennis Ritchie       1972      
 Rust   Graydon Hoare        2010      
  Go       Rob Pike          2009      
====== ================ ===============

Extended

╔══════╦════════════════╦═══════════════╗
║ name ║  designed_by   ║ invented_year ║
╠══════╬════════════════╬═══════════════╣
║  C   ║ Dennis Ritchie ║     1972      ║
╠══════╬════════════════╬═══════════════╣
║ Rust ║ Graydon Hoare  ║     2010      ║
╠══════╬════════════════╬═══════════════╣
║  Go  ║    Rob Pike    ║     2009      ║
╚══════╩════════════════╩═══════════════╝

Dots

.........................................
: name :  designed_by   : invented_year :
:......:................:...............:
:  C   : Dennis Ritchie :     1972      :
: Rust : Graydon Hoare  :     2010      :
:  Go  :    Rob Pike    :     2009      :
:......:................:...............:

Blank

 name    designed_by     invented_year 
  C     Dennis Ritchie       1972      
  Rust   Graydon Hoare       2010      
  Go       Rob Pike          2009      

Custom

You can modify existing styles to fit your needs.

let style = tabled::Style::modern().header_off().horizontal_off();

The style will look like the following.

┌──────┬────────────────┬───────────────┐
│ name │  designed_by   │ invented_year │
│  C   │ Dennis Ritchie │     1972      │
│ Rust │ Graydon Hoare  │     2010      │
│  Go  │    Rob Pike    │     2009      │
└──────┴────────────────┴───────────────┘

You can find more methods which are available in the documentation

Cell Border

Sometimes tabled::Style settings are not enough. Sometimes it's nesessary to change a border of a particular cell.

For this porpouse you can use Border.

use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Modify, Border, object::Rows};

let data = [["123", "456"], ["789", "000"]];

let table = data.table()
    .with(Style::ascii())
    .with(Modify::new(Rows::single(0)).with(Border::default().top('x')));

let expected = "+xxxxx+xxxxx+\n\
                |  0  |  1  |\n\
                +-----+-----+\n\
                | 123 | 456 |\n\
                +-----+-----+\n\
                | 789 | 000 |\n\
                +-----+-----+\n";

assert_eq!(table.to_string(), expected);

Text in a top border

You can write a custom text at the top border if it's present in a style.

use tabled::{Table, style::TopBorderText};

let table = Table::new(["Hello World"])
    .with(TopBorderText::new("+-.table"));

assert_eq!(
    table.to_string(),
    "+-.table------+\n\
     |    &str     |\n\
     +-------------+\n\
     | Hello World |\n\
     +-------------+\n"
);

Alignment

You can set a horizontal and vertical alignment for a Header, Column, Row or Full set of cells.

use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Modify, Alignment, object::Full};

data.table()
    .with(Modify::new(Full).with(Alignment::left()).with(Alignment::top()));

Format

The Format function provides an interface for a modification of cells.

use tabled::{Table, Modify, Format, object::{Rows, Columns}};

Table::new(&data)
    .with(Modify::new(Rows::first()).with(Format::new(|s| format!("Head {}", s))));
    .with(Modify::new(Columns::new(1..=2)).with(Format::new(|s| format!("<< {} >>", s))))

It's also possible to use functions with signature Fn(&str) -> String as a formatter.

use tabled::{Table, Modify, object::{Rows, Columns}};

Table::new(&data)
    .with(Modify::new(Columns::single(3)).with(|s: &str| format!("<< {} >>", s)))
    .with(Modify::new(Rows::first()).with(str::to_lowercase));

IMPORTANT: you may need to specify type in your lambda otherwise compiler may be disagreed to work :)

Padding

The Padding structure provides an interface for a left, right, top and bottom padding of cells.

use tabled::{Table, Modify, Padding, object::Cell};

Table::new(&data)
    .with(Modify::new(Cell(0, 3)).with(Padding::new(1, 1, 0, 2)));

// It's possible to set a fill char for padding.
Table::new(&data)
    .with(Modify::new(Cell(0, 3)).with(Padding::new(1, 1, 0, 2).set_fill('>', '<', '^', 'V')));

Margin

Margin sets an outside of the grid ident (top, bottom, left, right).

use tabled::{Table, Modify, Padding, object::Cell};

Table::new(&data)
    .with(Margin::new(3, 4, 1, 2).set_fill('>', '<', 'v', '^'));

An output would depend on the data. But it could look like the following.

vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
>>>┌───────────┬───────────┐<<<<
>>>│  feature  │  released │<<<<
>>>│  margin   │   0.6.0   │<<<<
>>>└───────────┴───────────┘<<<<
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Max width

MaxWidth sets a maximum width of an object. While tinkering content we don't forget about its color.

use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Modify, MaxWidth, object::Rows};

// Truncating content to 10 chars in all rows except a header.
data.table()
    .with(Modify::new(Rows::new(1..)).with(MaxWidth::truncating(10, "...")));

// Wrapping content by new lines after 10 chars in a last row.
data.table()
    .with(Modify::new(Rows::last()).with(MaxWidth::wrapping(10)));

MaxWidth also can be used to set a maximum width of a whole table.

use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, MaxWidth};

data.table().with(MaxWidth::wrapping(10));

It can be used in combination with MinWidth.

Min width

MinWidth sets a minimal width of an object. While tinkering content we don't forget about its color.

use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Modify, MinWidth, object::Rows};

data.table()
    .with(Modify::new(Rows::new(1..)).with(MinWidth::new(10)));

MinWidth also can be used to set a minimum width of a whole table.

use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, MinWidth};

data.table().with(MinWidth::new(10));

It can be used in combination with MaxWidth.

Rotate

You can rotate table using tabled::Rotate.

Imagine you have a table already. And the output may look like this.

┌────┬──────────────┬───────────────────────────┐
│ id │ destribution │ link                      │
├────┼──────────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│ 0  │ Fedora       │ https://getfedora.org/    │
├────┼──────────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│ 2  │ OpenSUSE     │ https://www.opensuse.org/ │
├────┼──────────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│ 3  │ Endeavouros  │ https://endeavouros.com/  │
└────┴──────────────┴───────────────────────────┘

Now we will add the following modificator and the output will be;

table.with(Rotate::Left)

┌──────────────┬────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│     link     │ https://getfedora.org/ │ https://www.opensuse.org/ │ https://endeavouros.com/ │
├──────────────┼────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ destribution │         Fedora         │         OpenSUSE          │       Endeavouros        │
├──────────────┼────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│      id      │           0            │             2             │            3             │
└──────────────┴────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘

Disable

You can remove certain rows or columns from the table.

use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Disable};

data.table()
    .with(Disable::Row(..1))
    .with(Disable::Column(3..4));

Extract

You can Extract segments of a table to focus on a reduced number of rows and columns.

use tabled::{Table, Extract};

let rows = 1..3;
let columns = 1..;
Table::new(&data)
    .with(Extract::segment(rows, columns));

+-------+-------------+-----------+
|  i32  |    &str     |   bool    |
+-------+-------------+-----------+         +-------------+-----------+
| : 0 : | : Grodno :  | : true :  |         | : Grodno :  | : true :  |
+-------+-------------+-----------+    =    +-------------+-----------+
| : 1 : |  : Minsk :  | : true :  |         |  : Minsk :  | : true :  |
+-------+-------------+-----------+         +-------------+-----------+
| : 2 : | : Hamburg : | : false : |
+-------+-------------+-----------+
| : 3 : |  : Brest :  | : true :  |
+-------+-------------+-----------+

Refinishing

For styles with unique corner and edge textures it is possible to reapply a table style once a Table extract has been created.

use tabled::{Table, Extract, Style};

let rows = 1..3;
let columns = 1..;
Table::new(&data)
    .with(Extract::segment(rows, columns))
    .with(Style::modern());

Raw extract
┼───────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────┤
│ The Dark Side of the Moon │ 01 March 1973    │ Unparalleled │
┼───────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────┤
│ Rumours                   │ 04 February 1977 │ Outstanding  │
┼───────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────┤

Refinished extract
┌───────────────────────────┬──────────────────┬───────────────┐
│ The Dark Side of the Moon │ 01 March 1973    │ Unparalleled  │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────────────┤
│ Rumours                   │ 04 February 1977 │  Outstanding  │
└───────────────────────────┴──────────────────┴───────────────┘

Header and Footer

You can add a Header and Footer to display some information.

use tabled::{Table, Header, Footer};

Table::new(&data)
    .with(Header("Tabled Name"))
    .with(Footer(format!("{} elements", data.len())))

A look will differ from a style you choose. But it's how it may look like.

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                       Tabled Name                          │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
                            ...
├───────┼──────────────┼─────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│                        3 elements                          │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

You can also add a full row on any line using tabled::Panel.

Concat

You can concatanate 2 tables using Concat. It will stick 2 tables together either vertically or horizontally.

let t1: Table = ...;
let t2: Table = ...;

let t3: Table = t1.with(Concat::vertical(t2));

Highlight

Highlight can be used to change a borders of target sector. Here's an example.

use tabled::{
    object::{Columns, Object, Rows},
    style::{Border, Style},
    Highlight, TableIteratorExt,
};

let data = vec![
    ["A", "B", "C"],
    ["D", "E", "F"]
];

let table = data.table()
    .with(Style::modern())
    .with(Highlight::new(
        Rows::first().and(Columns::single(2).and(Cell(1, 1))),
        Border::filled('*'),
    ));

The printed table would be like the following.

*************
* 0 │ 1 │ 2 *
*****───┼───*
│ A * B │ C *
├───*****───*
│ D │ E * F *
└───┴───*****

Column span

It's possible to have a horizontal (column) span of a cell.

The code example and the resulting table.

use tabled::{object::Cell, Modify, Span, TableIteratorExt};

fn main() {
    let data = vec![
        ["A", "B", "C"],
        ["D", "E", "F"],
    ];

    let table = data
        .table()
        .with(Modify::new(Cell(0, 0)).with(Span::column(3)))
        .with(Modify::new(Cell(1, 0)).with(Span::column(2)));

    println!("{}", table);

+---+---+---+
|     0     |
+---+---+---+
|   A   | C |
+---+---+---+
| D | E | F |
+---+---+---+

Derive

To be able to use a Tabled macros each field must implement std::fmt::Display otherwise it will not work.

The following example will cause a error.

use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct SomeType {
    field1: SomeOtherType,
}

struct SomeOtherType;

Column name override

You can use a #[tabled(rename = "")] attribute to override a column name.

use tabled::Tabled;

#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Person {
    #[tabled(rename = "Name")]
    first_name: &'static str,
    #[tabled(rename = "Surname")]
    last_name: &'static str,
}

Hide a column

You can mark filds as hidden in which case they fill be ignored and not be present on a sheet.

A similar affect could be achived by the means of a Disable setting.

use tabled::Tabled;

#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Person {
   id: u8,
   #[tabled(skip)]
   number: &'static str,
   name: &'static str,
}

Custom field formatting

#[derive(Tabled)] is possible only when all fields implement a Display trait.

However, this may be often not the case for example when a field uses the Option type.

There's 2 common ways how to solve this:

• Implement Tabled trait manually for a type.
• Wrap Option to something like DisplayedOption<T>(Option<T>) and implement a Display trait for it.

Or to use an attribute #[tabled(display_with = "func")] for the field. To use it you must provide a function name in a display_with parameter.

use tabled::Tabled;

#[derive(Tabled)]
pub struct MyRecord {
    pub id: i64,
    #[tabled(display_with = "display_option")]
    pub valid: Option<bool>
}

fn display_option(o: &Option<bool>) -> String {
    match o {
        Some(s) => format!("is valid thing = {}", s), 
        None => format!("is not valid"),
    }
}

Inline

It's possible to inline internal data if it implements Tabled trait. Use #[tabled(inline)] for it. Also you can set a prefix which will be used for all inlined elements use #[tabled(inline("prefix>>"))] for it.

use tabled::Tabled;

#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Person {
    id: u8,
    name: &'static str,
    #[tabled(inline)]
    ed: Education,
}
 
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Education {
    uni: &'static str,
    graduated: bool,
}

And it works for enums as well.

use tabled::Tabled;

#[derive(Tabled)]
enum Vehicle {
    #[tabled(inline("Auto::"))]
    Auto {
        model: &'static str,
        engine: &'static str,
    },
    #[tabled(inline)]
    Bikecycle(#[tabled(rename = "name")] &'static str, #[tabled(inline)] Bike),
}
        
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Bike {
    brand: &'static str,
    price: f32,
}

Features

Color

The library doesn't bind you in usage of any color library but to be able to work corectly with color input you should provide a --features color.

use tabled::{Table, Modify, Style, Format, object::Columns};

Table::new(&data)
    .with(Style::psql())
    .with(Modify::new(Columns::single(0)).with(Format::new(|s| s.red().to_string())))
    .with(Modify::new(Columns::single(1)).with(Format::new(|s| s.blue().to_string())))
    .with(Modify::new(Columns::new(2..)).with(Format::new(|s| s.green().to_string())));

Tuple combination

You also can combine objets which implements Tabled by means of tuples, you will get a combined columns of them.

use tabled::{Tabled, Table, Style};

#[derive(Tabled)]
enum Domain {
    Security,
    Embeded,
    Frontend,
    Unknown,
}

#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Developer(#[tabled("name")] &'static str);

let data = vec![
    (Developer("Terri Kshlerin"), Domain::Embeded),
    (Developer("Catalina Dicki"), Domain::Security),
    (Developer("Jennie Schmeler"), Domain::Frontend),
    (Developer("Maxim Zhiburt"), Domain::Unknown),
];

let table = Table::new(data).with(Style::psql()).to_string();

assert_eq!(
    table,
    concat!(
        "      name       | Security | Embeded | Frontend | Unknown \n",
        "-----------------+----------+---------+----------+---------\n",
        " Terri Kshlerin  |          |    +    |          |         \n",
        " Catalina Dicki  |    +     |         |          |         \n",
        " Jennie Schmeler |          |         |    +     |         \n",
        "  Maxim Zhiburt  |          |         |          |    +    \n"
    )
);

Object

You can peak your target for settings using and and not methods for an object.

use tabled::object::{Full, Cell, Rows, Columns};

Full.not(Rows::first()) // peak all cells except header
Rows::first().and(Columns::single(0)).not(Cell(0, 0)) // peak a header and first column except a (0, 0) cell

Views

Tabled supports not only Table view!

Expanded display

You can use ExpanedDisplay if your data structure has a lot of fields.

Here's an example.

use tabled::{display::ExpandedDisplay, Tabled};

#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Distribution {
    name: &'static str,
    is_active: bool,
    is_cool: bool,
}

fn main() {
    let data = [
        Distribution {
            name: "Manjaro",
            is_cool: true,
            is_active: true,
        },
        Distribution {
            name: "Debian",
            is_cool: true,
            is_active: true,
        },
        Distribution {
            name: "Debian",
            is_cool: true,
            is_active: true,
        },
    ];

    let table = ExpandedDisplay::new(&data);

    println!("{}", table);
}

You'll see the following.

-[ RECORD 0 ]------
name      | Manjaro
is_active | true
is_cool   | true
-[ RECORD 1 ]------
name      | Debian
is_active | true
is_cool   | true
-[ RECORD 2 ]------
name      | Debian
is_active | true
is_cool   | true

Notes

ANSI escape codes

By default tabled doesn't handle ANSI escape codes. By default such things as hyperlinks, blinking and others things which can be achived via ANSI codes might not work correctly.

tabled support it by setting a color feature.

tabled = { version = "*", features = ["color"] }

Dynamic table

It might be hard to build a table using Tabled trait, if you have a data set which structure is determined at runtime. In such situation you can use a Builder.

use tabled::{builder::Builder, Style};

fn main() {
    let table = Builder::default()
        .set_header(["Index", "Language"])
        .add_row(["1", "English"])
        .add_row(["2", "Deutsch"])
        .build()
        .with(Style::psql());

    println!("{}", table);
}

Emoji

The library support emojies out of the box but be aware that some of the terminals and editors may not render them as you would expect.

Let's add emojies to an example from a Usage section.

 let languages = vec![
     Language {
         name: "C 💕",
         designed_by: "Dennis Ritchie",
         invented_year: 1972,
     },
     Language {
         name: "Rust 👍",
         designed_by: "Graydon Hoare",
         invented_year: 2010,
     },
     Language {
         name: "Go 🧋",
         designed_by: "Rob Pike",
         invented_year: 2009,
     },
 ];

The resultant table will look like the following.

As you can see Github triks a bit a return table, but GNOME terminal and Alacritty terminal handles it correctly.

+---------+----------------+---------------+
|  name   |  designed_by   | invented_year |
+---------+----------------+---------------+
|  C 💕   | Dennis Ritchie |     1972      |
+---------+----------------+---------------+
| Rust 👍 | Graydon Hoare  |     2010      |
+---------+----------------+---------------+
|  Go 🧋  |    Rob Pike    |     2009      |
+---------+----------------+---------------+