stack-db 0.3.5

//! A layer/frame of which gets *stacked* to form the database
pub mod mapper;

use std::{borrow::Cow, io::{BufWriter, Read, Seek, Write}, ops::Range};
use crate::errors::Error;
use mapper::Mapper;

pub type Section<'l> = (Range<u64>, Cow<'l, [u8]>);

/// Represents a layer (either in the heap or disk) in the stack-db that *stacks*
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Layer<'l, Stream: Write + Read + Seek> {
    /// The bounds of the layer; the range of the layer
    pub bounds: Option<Range<u64>>,
    /// The mapper that maps to either the heap or disk
    mapper: Mapper<'l>,
    /// The total size of all the writes in the layer
    pub size: u64,
    /// The current read cursor to speed up sequential reads
    pub read_cursor: (u64, usize),
    /// The underlying file reader/writer
    stream: Stream,
}

/// Grabs a u64 from a buffer
#[inline]
fn get_u64(buffer: &[u8], range: Range<usize>) -> Result<u64, Error> {
    Ok(u64::from_be_bytes(
        if let Some(Ok(x)) = buffer.get(range).map(|x| x.try_into())
            { x }
        else { 
            return Err(Error::DBCorrupt(Box::new(Error::InvalidLayer)));
        }
    ))
}

/// used for error handling in iterators
#[inline]
fn until_err<T, E>(err: &mut &mut Result<(), E>, item: Result<T, E>) -> Option<T> {
    match item {
        Ok(item) => Some(item),
        Err(e) => {
            **err = Err(e);
            None
        }
    }
}

impl<'l,  Stream: Write + Read + Seek> Layer<'l, Stream> {
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(stream: Stream) -> Self {
        Self {
            bounds: None,
            mapper: Mapper::new(),
            size: 0,
            read_cursor: (0, 0),
            stream,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn load(mut stream: Stream) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        let mut buffer = [0u8; (u64::BITS as usize/8) * 3]; // buffer for three `u64` values: `size`, `bounds.start`, `bounds.end`
        match stream.read_exact(&mut buffer) {
            Ok(_) => (),
            Err(_) => return Err(Error::DBCorrupt(Box::new(Error::InvalidLayer))),
        };


        // read metadata; return corruption error if failure
        let size = get_u64(&buffer, 0..8)?;
        let bounds = get_u64(&buffer, 8..16)?..get_u64(&buffer, 16..24)?;

        Ok(Self {
            bounds: Some(bounds),
            mapper: Mapper::Disk,
            size,
            read_cursor: (0, 0),
            stream,
        })
    }

    /// Checks for collisions on the current layer
    #[inline]
    pub fn check_collisions(&mut self, range: &Range<u64>) -> Result<Box<[Range<u64>]>, Error> {
        // if range not even in bounds or layer empty; return 
        match self.bounds.as_ref() {
            Some(bounds) => if bounds.end < range.start || range.end < bounds.start { return Ok(Box::new([])) },
            None => return Ok(Box::new([])),
        }
        
        let mut err = Ok(());
        let out = self.mapper.iter(&mut self.stream, self.size, REWIND_IDX)?
            .scan(&mut err, until_err) // handles the errors
            .filter(|(r, _)| range.start < r.end && r.start < range.end)
            .map(|(r, _)| range.start.max(r.start)..std::cmp::min(range.end, r.end))
            .collect();
        err?;
        Ok(out)
    }

    /// Takes in the **ordered** output of the `check_collisions` function to find the inverse
    #[inline]
    pub fn check_non_collisions(&self, range: &Range<u64>, collisions: &[Range<u64>]) -> Box<[Range<u64>]> { // find a better purely functional solution
        let mut output = Vec::new();
        let mut last_end = range.start;

        for r in collisions.iter() {
            if r.start > last_end {
                output.push(last_end..r.start);
            } last_end = r.end;
        }

        if last_end != range.end {
            output.push(last_end..range.end);
        } output.into_boxed_slice()
    }

    /// Reads from the layer unchecked and returns the section data and the desired relative range within the section.
    ///
    /// **warning:** will throw `out-of-bounds` error (or undefined behaviour) if the read is accross two sections *(each read can only be on one section of a layer)*
    #[inline]
    pub fn read_unchecked(&mut self, addr: &Range<u64>) -> Result<(Range<usize>, Cow<[u8]>), Error> {
        let mut err = Ok(());
        let out = self.mapper.iter(&mut self.stream, self.size, REWIND_IDX)? // todo: Actually use the read-cursor so that you don't have to iterate through everything to get to where you want
            .scan(&mut err, until_err) // handles errors
            .find(|(r, _)| r.start <= addr.start && addr.end <= r.end) // read must be equal to or within layer section
            .map(|(r, x)| ((addr.start-r.start) as usize..(addr.end-r.start) as usize, x));
        err?;
        out
            .map(Ok)
            .unwrap_or(Err(Error::OutOfBounds))
    }

    /// Writes to the heap layer without checking for collisions
    ///
    /// **WARNING:** the layer will be corrupt (due to undefined behaviour) if there are any collisions; this function is meant to be used internally
    #[inline]
    pub fn write_unchecked(&mut self, idx: u64, data: Cow<'l, [u8]>) -> Result<(), Error> {
        // cannot write on read-only
        let (mapper, write_cursor) = self.mapper.get_writer()?;
        let range = idx..idx+data.len() as u64;

        // get the idx ni the map to insert to
        let map_idx = if write_cursor.0 == idx {
            write_cursor.1
        } else {
            mapper
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .find(|(_, (r, _))| r.start > idx)
                .map(|(i, _)| i)
                .unwrap_or(0) // if map is empty write to the first index
        };

        // insert data into the map and update write cursor & size
        mapper.insert(map_idx, (range.clone(), data));
        *write_cursor = (range.end, map_idx+1);
        self.size += range.end - range.start;

        // Update bounds
        self.bounds = Some(match self.bounds {
            Some(ref x) => std::cmp::min(x.start, range.start)..std::cmp::max(x.end, range.end),
            None => range,
        });

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Moves the layer from the **heap** to **disk**
    pub fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
        const BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 1024 * 1024 * 4; // 4MiB buffer size
        
        // don't flush if it's an empty layer or in read-only mode
        let (bounds, mapper) = if let (Some(b), Mapper::Heap { mapper, .. }) = (&self.bounds, &self.mapper) { (b, mapper) } else {  return Ok(()) };
        let mut file = BufWriter::with_capacity(BUFFER_SIZE, &mut self.stream);

        // write from the start
        file.rewind()?;

        // write the bounds & size of the layer
        file.write_all(&self.size.to_be_bytes())?;
        file.write_all(&bounds.start.to_be_bytes())?;
        file.write_all(&bounds.end.to_be_bytes())?;

        // we assume that the map is already sorted
        for (range, data) in mapper {
            file.write_all(&range.start.to_be_bytes())?;
            file.write_all(&range.end.to_be_bytes())?;
            file.write_all(data)?;
        }

        // flush file and switch to disk layer
        file.flush()?;
        self.mapper = Mapper::Disk;
        
        Ok(())
    }
}

pub const REWIND_IDX: u64 = 8 + 8 + 8; // skip the `u64`s: `layer_size`, `layer_bound.start` and `layer_bound.end`