sqlitegraph 3.9.0

Embedded graph database with explicit SQLite, native-v3, and combined backend modes; HNSW vector search; and graph algorithms
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
use super::*;

/// Helper function to extract a fixed-size byte array from a slice.
fn extract_array<const N: usize>(
    bytes: &[u8],
    offset: usize,
    field: &str,
) -> NativeResult<[u8; N]> {
    let end = offset + N;
    if end > bytes.len() {
        return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
            field: field.to_string(),
            reason: format!(
                "insufficient bytes at offset {}: need {}, have {}",
                offset,
                N,
                bytes.len()
            ),
        });
    }

    let mut arr = [0u8; N];
    arr.copy_from_slice(&bytes[offset..end]);
    Ok(arr)
}

impl IndexPage {
    /// Calculate checksum for page data
    fn calculate_checksum(&self, data: &[u8]) -> u32 {
        v3_constants::checksum::xor_checksum(data) as u32
    }

    /// Verify B+Tree invariants (debug builds only)
    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
    pub fn verify_invariants(&self) -> NativeResult<()> {
        match self {
            IndexPage::Internal {
                keys,
                children,
                is_root,
                ..
            } => {
                if keys.len() > MAX_KEYS {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "btree_verify".to_string(),
                        reason: format!(
                            "internal node has {} keys, max is {}",
                            keys.len(),
                            MAX_KEYS
                        ),
                    });
                }

                if !is_root && !keys.is_empty() && keys.len() < MIN_KEYS {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "btree_verify".to_string(),
                        reason: format!(
                            "non-root internal node has {} keys, min is {}",
                            keys.len(),
                            MIN_KEYS
                        ),
                    });
                }

                for i in 1..keys.len() {
                    if keys[i - 1] >= keys[i] {
                        return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                            field: "btree_verify".to_string(),
                            reason: format!("keys out of order: {} >= {}", keys[i - 1], keys[i]),
                        });
                    }
                }

                if !keys.is_empty() && children.len() != keys.len() + 1 {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "btree_verify".to_string(),
                        reason: format!(
                            "children count ({}) != keys count ({}) + 1",
                            children.len(),
                            keys.len()
                        ),
                    });
                }
            }
            IndexPage::Leaf {
                entries, is_root, ..
            } => {
                if entries.len() > MAX_ENTRIES {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "btree_verify".to_string(),
                        reason: format!(
                            "leaf node has {} entries, max is {}",
                            entries.len(),
                            MAX_ENTRIES
                        ),
                    });
                }

                if !is_root && !entries.is_empty() && entries.len() < MIN_ENTRIES {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "btree_verify".to_string(),
                        reason: format!(
                            "non-root leaf node has {} entries, min is {}",
                            entries.len(),
                            MIN_ENTRIES
                        ),
                    });
                }

                for i in 1..entries.len() {
                    if entries[i - 1].0 >= entries[i].0 {
                        return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                            field: "btree_verify".to_string(),
                            reason: format!(
                                "entries out of order: {} >= {}",
                                entries[i - 1].0,
                                entries[i].0
                            ),
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Pack the page into a 4KB byte array.
    pub fn pack(&self) -> NativeResult<[u8; 4096]> {
        let mut bytes = [0u8; 4096];

        bytes[constants::PAGE_ID_OFFSET..constants::PAGE_ID_OFFSET + 8]
            .copy_from_slice(&self.page_id().to_be_bytes());

        match self {
            IndexPage::Internal { .. } => bytes[constants::IS_LEAF_OFFSET] = 0,
            IndexPage::Leaf { .. } => bytes[constants::IS_LEAF_OFFSET] = 1,
        }

        bytes[constants::IS_ROOT_OFFSET] = if self.is_root() { 1 } else { 0 };

        let count = self.count() as u16;
        bytes[constants::COUNT_OFFSET..constants::COUNT_OFFSET + 2]
            .copy_from_slice(&count.to_be_bytes());

        let checksum_offset = constants::CHECKSUM_OFFSET;
        let mut data_offset = constants::DATA_START_OFFSET;

        match self {
            IndexPage::Internal { keys, children, .. } => {
                if !keys.is_empty() && children.len() != keys.len() + 1 {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "internal_page".to_string(),
                        reason: format!(
                            "children count ({}) must be keys count ({}) + 1",
                            children.len(),
                            keys.len()
                        ),
                    });
                }
                if keys.is_empty() && children.len() > 1 {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "internal_page".to_string(),
                        reason: format!("empty page has too many children: {}", children.len()),
                    });
                }
                if keys.len() > MAX_KEYS {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "internal_page".to_string(),
                        reason: format!("keys count ({}) exceeds max ({})", keys.len(), MAX_KEYS),
                    });
                }

                for &key in keys {
                    if data_offset + KEY_SIZE > 4096 {
                        return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                            field: "internal_page".to_string(),
                            reason: "page overflow writing keys".to_string(),
                        });
                    }
                    bytes[data_offset..data_offset + KEY_SIZE].copy_from_slice(&key.to_be_bytes());
                    data_offset += KEY_SIZE;
                }

                for &child in children {
                    if data_offset + PAGE_ID_SIZE > 4096 {
                        return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                            field: "internal_page".to_string(),
                            reason: "page overflow writing children".to_string(),
                        });
                    }
                    bytes[data_offset..data_offset + PAGE_ID_SIZE]
                        .copy_from_slice(&child.to_be_bytes());
                    data_offset += PAGE_ID_SIZE;
                }
            }
            IndexPage::Leaf {
                entries, next_leaf, ..
            } => {
                if entries.len() > MAX_ENTRIES {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "leaf_page".to_string(),
                        reason: format!(
                            "entries count ({}) exceeds max ({})",
                            entries.len(),
                            MAX_ENTRIES
                        ),
                    });
                }

                for &(node_id, page_id) in entries {
                    if data_offset + ENTRY_SIZE > 4096 {
                        return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                            field: "leaf_page".to_string(),
                            reason: "page overflow writing entries".to_string(),
                        });
                    }
                    bytes[data_offset..data_offset + KEY_SIZE]
                        .copy_from_slice(&node_id.to_be_bytes());
                    data_offset += KEY_SIZE;
                    bytes[data_offset..data_offset + PAGE_ID_SIZE]
                        .copy_from_slice(&page_id.to_be_bytes());
                    data_offset += PAGE_ID_SIZE;
                }

                if data_offset + PAGE_ID_SIZE > 4096 {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "leaf_page".to_string(),
                        reason: "page overflow writing next_leaf".to_string(),
                    });
                }
                bytes[data_offset..data_offset + PAGE_ID_SIZE]
                    .copy_from_slice(&next_leaf.to_be_bytes());
                data_offset += PAGE_ID_SIZE;
            }
        }

        let checksum = self.calculate_checksum(&bytes[..data_offset]);
        bytes[checksum_offset..checksum_offset + 4].copy_from_slice(&checksum.to_be_bytes());

        Ok(bytes)
    }

    /// Unpack a page from a byte array.
    pub fn unpack(bytes: &[u8]) -> NativeResult<Self> {
        if bytes.len() < 4096 {
            return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                field: "page_data".to_string(),
                reason: format!("insufficient bytes: expected 4096, found {}", bytes.len()),
            });
        }

        let page_id =
            u64::from_be_bytes(extract_array(bytes, constants::PAGE_ID_OFFSET, "page_id")?);
        let is_leaf = bytes[constants::IS_LEAF_OFFSET] == 1;
        let is_root = bytes[constants::IS_ROOT_OFFSET] == 1;
        let count =
            u16::from_be_bytes(extract_array(bytes, constants::COUNT_OFFSET, "count")?) as usize;
        let checksum = u32::from_be_bytes(extract_array(
            bytes,
            constants::CHECKSUM_OFFSET,
            "checksum",
        )?);

        let mut data_offset = constants::DATA_START_OFFSET;

        if is_leaf {
            let mut entries = Vec::with_capacity(count);
            for _ in 0..count {
                if data_offset + ENTRY_SIZE > 4096 {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "leaf_page".to_string(),
                        reason: "page overflow reading entries".to_string(),
                    });
                }
                let node_id = u64::from_be_bytes(extract_array(bytes, data_offset, "node_id")?);
                data_offset += KEY_SIZE;
                let page_id = u64::from_be_bytes(extract_array(bytes, data_offset, "page_id")?);
                data_offset += PAGE_ID_SIZE;
                entries.push((node_id, page_id));
            }

            let next_leaf = if data_offset + PAGE_ID_SIZE <= 4096 {
                u64::from_be_bytes(extract_array(bytes, data_offset, "next_leaf")?)
            } else {
                return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                    field: "leaf_page".to_string(),
                    reason: "missing next_leaf pointer".to_string(),
                });
            };

            let calculated_checksum =
                Self::calculate_checksum_leaf(page_id, &entries, next_leaf, is_root);
            if calculated_checksum != checksum {
                return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                    field: "leaf_checksum".to_string(),
                    reason: format!(
                        "checksum mismatch: expected {}, found {}",
                        calculated_checksum, checksum
                    ),
                });
            }

            Ok(IndexPage::Leaf {
                page_id,
                entries,
                next_leaf,
                checksum,
                is_root,
            })
        } else {
            let mut keys = Vec::with_capacity(count);
            for _ in 0..count {
                if data_offset + KEY_SIZE > 4096 {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "internal_page".to_string(),
                        reason: "page overflow reading keys".to_string(),
                    });
                }
                let key = u64::from_be_bytes(extract_array(bytes, data_offset, "key")?);
                data_offset += KEY_SIZE;
                keys.push(key);
            }

            let child_count = count + 1;
            let mut children = Vec::with_capacity(child_count);
            for _ in 0..child_count {
                if data_offset + PAGE_ID_SIZE > 4096 {
                    return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                        field: "internal_page".to_string(),
                        reason: "page overflow reading children".to_string(),
                    });
                }
                let child = u64::from_be_bytes(extract_array(bytes, data_offset, "child")?);
                data_offset += PAGE_ID_SIZE;
                children.push(child);
            }

            let calculated_checksum =
                Self::calculate_checksum_internal(page_id, &keys, &children, is_root);
            if calculated_checksum != checksum {
                return Err(NativeBackendError::InvalidHeader {
                    field: "internal_checksum".to_string(),
                    reason: format!(
                        "checksum mismatch: expected {}, found {}",
                        calculated_checksum, checksum
                    ),
                });
            }

            Ok(IndexPage::Internal {
                page_id,
                keys,
                children,
                checksum,
                is_root,
            })
        }
    }

    fn calculate_checksum_leaf(
        page_id: u64,
        entries: &[(u64, u64)],
        next_leaf: u64,
        is_root: bool,
    ) -> u32 {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(4096);
        data.extend_from_slice(&page_id.to_be_bytes());
        data.push(1);
        data.push(if is_root { 1 } else { 0 });
        data.extend_from_slice(&(entries.len() as u16).to_be_bytes());
        data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 4]);
        data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 16]);

        for &(node_id, page_id) in entries {
            data.extend_from_slice(&node_id.to_be_bytes());
            data.extend_from_slice(&page_id.to_be_bytes());
        }
        data.extend_from_slice(&next_leaf.to_be_bytes());

        v3_constants::checksum::xor_checksum(&data) as u32
    }

    fn calculate_checksum_internal(
        page_id: u64,
        keys: &[u64],
        children: &[u64],
        is_root: bool,
    ) -> u32 {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(4096);
        data.extend_from_slice(&page_id.to_be_bytes());
        data.push(0);
        data.push(if is_root { 1 } else { 0 });
        data.extend_from_slice(&(keys.len() as u16).to_be_bytes());
        data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 4]);
        data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 16]);

        for &key in keys {
            data.extend_from_slice(&key.to_be_bytes());
        }
        for &child in children {
            data.extend_from_slice(&child.to_be_bytes());
        }

        v3_constants::checksum::xor_checksum(&data) as u32
    }
}