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//! K-Hop traversal performance benchmarks for SQLite vs Native backends.
//!
//! Compares multi-hop traversal performance (depth 1, 2, 3) across different
//! graph topologies using the criterion benchmarking framework.
use std::time::Duration;
use criterion::{BenchmarkId, Criterion, criterion_group, criterion_main};
use rand::SeedableRng;
use sqlitegraph::{BackendDirection, BackendKind, EdgeSpec, NodeSpec, SnapshotId};
mod bench_utils;
use bench_utils::{
BENCHMARK_SIZES, BenchInMemoryGraph, BenchmarkGraph, GraphTopology, MEASURE, WARM_UP,
create_benchmark_temp_dir,
};
/// Benchmark 1-hop traversals (direct neighbors)
fn k_hop_1(criterion: &mut Criterion) {
let mut group = criterion.benchmark_group("k_hop_1");
group.measurement_time(MEASURE);
group.warm_up_time(WARM_UP);
for &size in BENCHMARK_SIZES {
// SQLite backend
group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("sqlite", size), &size, |b, &size| {
b.iter(|| {
let temp_dir = create_benchmark_temp_dir();
let db_path = temp_dir.path().join("benchmark.db");
let graph = sqlitegraph::open_graph(&db_path, &sqlitegraph::GraphConfig::sqlite())
.expect("Failed to create graph");
// Create star graph for clear 1-hop patterns using individual insertions
let mut node_ids = Vec::new();
for i in 0..size {
let node_id = graph
.insert_node(NodeSpec {
kind: "Node".to_string(),
name: format!("node_{}", i),
file_path: None,
data: serde_json::json!({"id": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert node");
node_ids.push(node_id);
}
// Create star edges from center node (node 0) to all others
for i in 1..size {
graph
.insert_edge(EdgeSpec {
from: node_ids[0],
to: node_ids[i],
edge_type: "neighbor".to_string(),
data: serde_json::json!({"hop": 1}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert edge");
}
// 1-hop traversal from center node using k_hop API
let _k_hop_result = graph
.k_hop(SnapshotId::current(), node_ids[0], 1, BackendDirection::Outgoing)
.expect("Failed to perform 1-hop traversal");
});
});
// Native backend
group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("native", size), &size, |b, &size| {
b.iter(|| {
let temp_dir = create_benchmark_temp_dir();
let db_path = temp_dir.path().join("benchmark.db");
let graph = sqlitegraph::open_graph(&db_path, &sqlitegraph::GraphConfig::native())
.expect("Failed to create graph");
// Create star graph for clear 1-hop patterns using individual insertions
let mut node_ids = Vec::new();
for i in 0..size {
let node_id = graph
.insert_node(NodeSpec {
kind: "Node".to_string(),
name: format!("node_{}", i),
file_path: None,
data: serde_json::json!({"id": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert node");
node_ids.push(node_id);
}
// Create star edges from center node (node 0) to all others
for i in 1..size {
graph
.insert_edge(EdgeSpec {
from: node_ids[0],
to: node_ids[i],
edge_type: "neighbor".to_string(),
data: serde_json::json!({"hop": 1}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert edge");
}
// 1-hop traversal from center node using k_hop API
let _k_hop_result = graph
.k_hop(SnapshotId::current(), node_ids[0], 1, BackendDirection::Outgoing)
.expect("Failed to perform 1-hop traversal");
std::mem::forget(temp_dir); // Prevent TempDir deletion during benchmark (V2 backend uses async file ops)
});
});
// In-memory CPU-only ceiling
group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("in_memory", size), &size, |b, &size| {
b.iter(|| {
let spec = BenchmarkGraph::new(size, size - 1, GraphTopology::Star);
let graph = BenchInMemoryGraph::from_spec(&spec);
// Simple 1-hop traversal
let start_node = 0u32;
let mut visited = std::collections::HashSet::new();
let mut current_hop = vec![start_node];
visited.insert(start_node);
for _ in 0..1 {
let mut next_hop = Vec::new();
for &node in ¤t_hop {
for &neighbor in graph.neighbors(node) {
if !visited.contains(&neighbor) {
visited.insert(neighbor);
next_hop.push(neighbor);
}
}
}
current_hop = next_hop;
}
});
});
}
group.finish();
}
/// Benchmark 2-hop traversals (neighbors of neighbors)
fn k_hop_2(criterion: &mut Criterion) {
let mut group = criterion.benchmark_group("k_hop_2");
group.measurement_time(MEASURE);
group.warm_up_time(WARM_UP);
for &size in &[100, 1_000] {
// Smaller sizes for 2-hop
// SQLite backend
group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("sqlite", size), &size, |b, &size| {
b.iter(|| {
let temp_dir = create_benchmark_temp_dir();
let db_path = temp_dir.path().join("benchmark.db");
let graph = sqlitegraph::open_graph(&db_path, &sqlitegraph::GraphConfig::sqlite())
.expect("Failed to create graph");
// Create chain graph for 2-hop patterns using individual insertions
let mut node_ids = Vec::new();
for i in 0..size {
let node_id = graph
.insert_node(NodeSpec {
kind: "Node".to_string(),
name: format!("node_{}", i),
file_path: None,
data: serde_json::json!({"id": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert node");
node_ids.push(node_id);
}
// Create chain edges
for i in 0..size - 1 {
graph
.insert_edge(EdgeSpec {
from: node_ids[i],
to: node_ids[i + 1],
edge_type: "chain".to_string(),
data: serde_json::json!({"hop": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert edge");
}
// 2-hop traversal using k_hop API
let _k_hop_result = graph
.k_hop(SnapshotId::current(), node_ids[0], 2, BackendDirection::Outgoing)
.expect("Failed to perform 2-hop traversal");
});
});
// Native backend
group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("native", size), &size, |b, &size| {
b.iter(|| {
let temp_dir = create_benchmark_temp_dir();
let db_path = temp_dir.path().join("benchmark.db");
let graph = sqlitegraph::open_graph(&db_path, &sqlitegraph::GraphConfig::native())
.expect("Failed to create graph");
// Create chain graph for 2-hop patterns using individual insertions
let mut node_ids = Vec::new();
for i in 0..size {
let node_id = graph
.insert_node(NodeSpec {
kind: "Node".to_string(),
name: format!("node_{}", i),
file_path: None,
data: serde_json::json!({"id": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert node");
node_ids.push(node_id);
}
// Create chain edges
for i in 0..size - 1 {
graph
.insert_edge(EdgeSpec {
from: node_ids[i],
to: node_ids[i + 1],
edge_type: "chain".to_string(),
data: serde_json::json!({"hop": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert edge");
}
// 2-hop traversal using k_hop API
let _k_hop_result = graph
.k_hop(SnapshotId::current(), node_ids[0], 2, BackendDirection::Outgoing)
.expect("Failed to perform 2-hop traversal");
std::mem::forget(temp_dir); // Prevent TempDir deletion during benchmark (V2 backend uses async file ops)
});
});
// In-memory CPU-only ceiling
group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("in_memory", size), &size, |b, &size| {
b.iter(|| {
let spec = BenchmarkGraph::new(size, size - 1, GraphTopology::Chain);
let graph = BenchInMemoryGraph::from_spec(&spec);
// Simple 2-hop traversal
let start_node = 0u32;
let mut visited = std::collections::HashSet::new();
let mut current_hop = vec![start_node];
visited.insert(start_node);
for _ in 0..2 {
let mut next_hop = Vec::new();
for &node in ¤t_hop {
for &neighbor in graph.neighbors(node) {
if !visited.contains(&neighbor) {
visited.insert(neighbor);
next_hop.push(neighbor);
}
}
}
current_hop = next_hop;
}
});
});
}
group.finish();
}
/// Benchmark 3-hop traversals (deep neighbor exploration)
fn k_hop_3(criterion: &mut Criterion) {
let mut group = criterion.benchmark_group("k_hop_3");
group.measurement_time(MEASURE);
group.warm_up_time(WARM_UP);
for &size in &[100, 500] {
// Even smaller sizes for 3-hop
// SQLite backend
group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("sqlite", size), &size, |b, &size| {
b.iter(|| {
let temp_dir = create_benchmark_temp_dir();
let db_path = temp_dir.path().join("benchmark.db");
let graph = sqlitegraph::open_graph(&db_path, &sqlitegraph::GraphConfig::sqlite())
.expect("Failed to create graph");
// Create chain graph for 3-hop patterns using individual insertions
let mut node_ids = Vec::new();
for i in 0..size {
let node_id = graph
.insert_node(NodeSpec {
kind: "Node".to_string(),
name: format!("node_{}", i),
file_path: None,
data: serde_json::json!({"id": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert node");
node_ids.push(node_id);
}
// Create chain edges
for i in 0..size - 1 {
graph
.insert_edge(EdgeSpec {
from: node_ids[i],
to: node_ids[i + 1],
edge_type: "chain".to_string(),
data: serde_json::json!({"hop": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert edge");
}
// 3-hop traversal using k_hop API
let _k_hop_result = graph
.k_hop(SnapshotId::current(), node_ids[0], 3, BackendDirection::Outgoing)
.expect("Failed to perform 3-hop traversal");
});
});
// Native backend
group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("native", size), &size, |b, &size| {
b.iter(|| {
let temp_dir = create_benchmark_temp_dir();
let db_path = temp_dir.path().join("benchmark.db");
let graph = sqlitegraph::open_graph(&db_path, &sqlitegraph::GraphConfig::native())
.expect("Failed to create graph");
// Create chain graph for 3-hop patterns using individual insertions
let mut node_ids = Vec::new();
for i in 0..size {
let node_id = graph
.insert_node(NodeSpec {
kind: "Node".to_string(),
name: format!("node_{}", i),
file_path: None,
data: serde_json::json!({"id": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert node");
node_ids.push(node_id);
}
// Create chain edges
for i in 0..size - 1 {
graph
.insert_edge(EdgeSpec {
from: node_ids[i],
to: node_ids[i + 1],
edge_type: "chain".to_string(),
data: serde_json::json!({"hop": i}),
})
.expect("Failed to insert edge");
}
// 3-hop traversal using k_hop API
let _k_hop_result = graph
.k_hop(SnapshotId::current(), node_ids[0], 3, BackendDirection::Outgoing)
.expect("Failed to perform 3-hop traversal");
std::mem::forget(temp_dir); // Prevent TempDir deletion during benchmark (V2 backend uses async file ops)
});
});
// In-memory CPU-only ceiling
group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("in_memory", size), &size, |b, &size| {
b.iter(|| {
let spec = BenchmarkGraph::new(size, size - 1, GraphTopology::Chain);
let graph = BenchInMemoryGraph::from_spec(&spec);
// Simple 3-hop traversal
let start_node = 0u32;
let mut visited = std::collections::HashSet::new();
let mut current_hop = vec![start_node];
visited.insert(start_node);
for _ in 0..3 {
let mut next_hop = Vec::new();
for &node in ¤t_hop {
for &neighbor in graph.neighbors(node) {
if !visited.contains(&neighbor) {
visited.insert(neighbor);
next_hop.push(neighbor);
}
}
}
current_hop = next_hop;
}
});
});
}
group.finish();
}
criterion_group!(benches, k_hop_1, k_hop_2, k_hop_3);
criterion_main!(benches);