spikard-cli 0.15.5

Command-line interface for building and validating Spikard applications
Documentation
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//! PHP code generation from `OpenAPI` schemas

use super::PhpDtoStyle;
use anyhow::Result;
use heck::{ToPascalCase, ToSnakeCase};
use openapiv3::{
    OpenAPI, Operation, Parameter, ParameterData, ParameterSchemaOrContent, ReferenceOr, Schema, SchemaKind,
    StringFormat, Type, VariantOrUnknownOrEmpty,
};
use std::collections::BTreeSet;

pub struct PhpGenerator {
    spec: OpenAPI,
    style: PhpDtoStyle,
}

impl PhpGenerator {
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn new(spec: OpenAPI, style: PhpDtoStyle) -> Self {
        Self { spec, style }
    }

    /// Generate complete PHP code from `OpenAPI` spec
    /// Returns the complete PHP file as a string
    pub fn generate(&self) -> Result<String> {
        let mut output = String::new();
        match self.style {
            PhpDtoStyle::ReadonlyClass => {}
        }

        output.push_str(&self.generate_header());
        output.push_str(&self.generate_models()?);
        output.push_str(&self.generate_controllers()?);
        output.push_str(&self.generate_main());

        Ok(output)
    }

    /// Generate PHP file header with strict types and namespace declaration
    fn generate_header(&self) -> String {
        let title = Self::escape_php_string(&self.spec.info.title);
        let openapi = Self::escape_php_string(&self.spec.openapi);

        format!(
            "<?php\n/**\n * Generated by Spikard OpenAPI code generator\n * OpenAPI Version: {openapi}\n * Title: {title}\n * DO NOT EDIT - regenerate from OpenAPI schema\n */\n\ndeclare(strict_types=1);\n\nnamespace SpikardGenerated;\n\n"
        )
    }

    fn generate_models(&self) -> Result<String> {
        let mut output = String::new();
        output.push_str("// Schema Models\n\n");
        let mut emitted_models = BTreeSet::new();
        let mut emitted_enums = BTreeSet::new();

        if self.uses_uuid_types() {
            output.push_str(&self.generate_uuid_value_class());
            output.push('\n');
        }

        if let Some(components) = &self.spec.components {
            for (name, schema_ref) in &components.schemas {
                match schema_ref {
                    ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => {
                        self.generate_schema_family(
                            &name.to_pascal_case(),
                            schema,
                            &mut emitted_models,
                            &mut emitted_enums,
                            &mut output,
                        )?;
                    }
                    ReferenceOr::Reference { .. } => {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        self.generate_inline_route_models(&mut emitted_models, &mut emitted_enums, &mut output)?;
        self.generate_inline_parameter_enums(&mut emitted_enums, &mut output)?;

        Ok(output)
    }

    /// Generate a PHP model class for an `OpenAPI` schema
    fn generate_model_class(&self, class_name: &str, schema: &Schema) -> Result<String> {
        let mut output = String::new();

        self.append_php_doc(&mut output, &schema.schema_data.description, &class_name);

        output.push_str(&format!("readonly class {class_name}\n{{\n"));

        match &schema.schema_kind {
            SchemaKind::Type(Type::Object(obj)) => {
                if obj.properties.is_empty() {
                    output.push_str("    // Empty schema\n");
                } else {
                    self.append_constructor(&mut output, class_name, obj)?;
                }
            }
            _ => {
                output.push_str("    // Unsupported schema type\n");
            }
        }

        output.push_str("}\n");

        Ok(output)
    }

    fn generate_enum_class(&self, enum_name: &str, schema: &Schema) -> Result<String> {
        let mut output = String::new();

        self.append_php_doc(&mut output, &schema.schema_data.description, enum_name);
        output.push_str(&format!("enum {enum_name}: string\n{{\n"));

        let SchemaKind::Type(Type::String(string_type)) = &schema.schema_kind else {
            output.push_str("}\n");
            return Ok(output);
        };

        for value in string_type.enumeration.iter().flatten() {
            output.push_str(&format!(
                "    case {} = '{}';\n",
                Self::enum_case_name(value),
                Self::escape_php_string(value)
            ));
        }

        output.push_str("}\n");
        Ok(output)
    }

    fn generate_uuid_value_class(&self) -> String {
        String::from(
            "/**\n * UUID value object\n */\nreadonly class UuidValue\n{\n    public function __construct(public string $value)\n    {\n        if (!preg_match('/^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}$/', $value)) {\n            throw new \\InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UUID value');\n        }\n    }\n\n    public function __toString(): string\n    {\n        return $this->value;\n    }\n}\n",
        )
    }

    fn generate_schema_family(
        &self,
        class_name: &str,
        schema: &Schema,
        emitted_models: &mut BTreeSet<String>,
        emitted_enums: &mut BTreeSet<String>,
        output: &mut String,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        if Self::is_enum_schema(schema) {
            return self.generate_enum_family(class_name, schema, emitted_enums, output);
        }

        if !emitted_models.insert(class_name.to_string()) {
            return Ok(());
        }

        self.generate_nested_model_families(class_name, schema, emitted_models, emitted_enums, output)?;
        output.push_str(&self.generate_model_class(class_name, schema)?);
        output.push('\n');
        Ok(())
    }

    fn generate_enum_family(
        &self,
        enum_name: &str,
        schema: &Schema,
        emitted_enums: &mut BTreeSet<String>,
        output: &mut String,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        if !emitted_enums.insert(enum_name.to_string()) {
            return Ok(());
        }

        output.push_str(&self.generate_enum_class(enum_name, schema)?);
        output.push('\n');
        Ok(())
    }

    fn generate_nested_model_families(
        &self,
        parent_class_name: &str,
        schema: &Schema,
        emitted_models: &mut BTreeSet<String>,
        emitted_enums: &mut BTreeSet<String>,
        output: &mut String,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        match &schema.schema_kind {
            SchemaKind::Type(Type::Object(obj)) => {
                for (prop_name, prop_schema_ref) in &obj.properties {
                    match prop_schema_ref {
                        ReferenceOr::Item(prop_schema) => {
                            if let Some(enum_name) = self.inline_enum_name(parent_class_name, prop_name, prop_schema) {
                                self.generate_enum_family(&enum_name, prop_schema, emitted_enums, output)?;
                            }
                            if let Some(class_name) = self.inline_model_name(parent_class_name, prop_name, prop_schema)
                            {
                                self.generate_schema_family(
                                    &class_name,
                                    prop_schema,
                                    emitted_models,
                                    emitted_enums,
                                    output,
                                )?;
                            }
                            if let Some(array_item_name) =
                                self.inline_array_item_model_name(parent_class_name, prop_name, prop_schema)
                                && let Some(item_schema) = Self::inline_array_item_schema(prop_schema)
                            {
                                self.generate_schema_family(
                                    &array_item_name,
                                    item_schema,
                                    emitted_models,
                                    emitted_enums,
                                    output,
                                )?;
                            }
                            if let Some(array_item_enum_name) =
                                self.inline_array_item_enum_name(parent_class_name, prop_name, prop_schema)
                                && let Some(item_schema) = Self::inline_array_item_schema(prop_schema)
                            {
                                self.generate_enum_family(&array_item_enum_name, item_schema, emitted_enums, output)?;
                            }
                        }
                        ReferenceOr::Reference { .. } => {}
                    }
                }
            }
            SchemaKind::AllOf { all_of } => {
                for schema_ref in all_of {
                    match schema_ref {
                        ReferenceOr::Item(item_schema) => self.generate_nested_model_families(
                            parent_class_name,
                            item_schema,
                            emitted_models,
                            emitted_enums,
                            output,
                        )?,
                        ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => {
                            if let Some(item_schema) = self.resolve_schema_reference(reference) {
                                self.generate_nested_model_families(
                                    parent_class_name,
                                    item_schema,
                                    emitted_models,
                                    emitted_enums,
                                    output,
                                )?;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn generate_inline_route_models(
        &self,
        emitted_models: &mut BTreeSet<String>,
        emitted_enums: &mut BTreeSet<String>,
        output: &mut String,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        for path_item_ref in self.spec.paths.paths.values() {
            let ReferenceOr::Item(path_item) = path_item_ref else {
                continue;
            };

            for operation in [
                path_item.get.as_ref(),
                path_item.post.as_ref(),
                path_item.put.as_ref(),
                path_item.delete.as_ref(),
                path_item.patch.as_ref(),
            ]
            .into_iter()
            .flatten()
            {
                if let Some((class_name, schema)) = self.inline_request_body_model(operation) {
                    self.generate_schema_family(&class_name, schema, emitted_models, emitted_enums, output)?;
                }
                if let Some((class_name, schema)) = self.inline_response_model(operation) {
                    self.generate_schema_family(&class_name, schema, emitted_models, emitted_enums, output)?;
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn generate_inline_parameter_enums(&self, emitted_enums: &mut BTreeSet<String>, output: &mut String) -> Result<()> {
        for path_item_ref in self.spec.paths.paths.values() {
            let ReferenceOr::Item(path_item) = path_item_ref else {
                continue;
            };

            for operation in [
                path_item.get.as_ref(),
                path_item.post.as_ref(),
                path_item.put.as_ref(),
                path_item.delete.as_ref(),
                path_item.patch.as_ref(),
            ]
            .into_iter()
            .flatten()
            {
                let operation_id = operation.operation_id.as_deref();

                for parameter_ref in &operation.parameters {
                    let ReferenceOr::Item(parameter) = parameter_ref else {
                        continue;
                    };

                    let parameter_data = match parameter {
                        Parameter::Path { parameter_data, .. }
                        | Parameter::Query { parameter_data, .. }
                        | Parameter::Header { parameter_data, .. }
                        | Parameter::Cookie { parameter_data, .. } => parameter_data,
                    };

                    let ParameterSchemaOrContent::Schema(ReferenceOr::Item(schema)) = &parameter_data.format else {
                        continue;
                    };

                    let Some(enum_name) = self.parameter_enum_name(operation_id, &parameter_data.name, schema) else {
                        continue;
                    };

                    self.generate_enum_family(&enum_name, schema, emitted_enums, output)?;
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Append `PHPDoc` comment block to output
    fn append_php_doc(&self, output: &mut String, description: &Option<String>, class_name: &str) {
        output.push_str("/**\n");
        if let Some(desc) = description {
            let escaped = Self::escape_php_string(desc);
            output.push_str(&format!(" * {escaped}\n"));
        } else {
            output.push_str(&format!(" * {class_name} model\n"));
        }
        output.push_str(" */\n");
    }

    /// Append constructor method with typed properties
    fn append_constructor(&self, output: &mut String, class_name: &str, obj: &openapiv3::ObjectType) -> Result<()> {
        let (property_lines, property_docs) = self.build_constructor_params(class_name, obj)?;

        if !property_docs.is_empty() {
            output.push_str("    /**\n");
            for doc_line in &property_docs {
                output.push_str(doc_line);
            }
            output.push_str("     */\n");
        }

        output.push_str("    public function __construct(\n");

        let props_str = property_lines.join("");
        let props_str = props_str.trim_end_matches(",\n").to_string() + "\n";
        output.push_str(&props_str);

        output.push_str("    ) {}\n");
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Build constructor parameter declarations for object properties
    /// Partitions properties so required parameters come first (PHP 8.1+ requirement)
    fn build_constructor_params(
        &self,
        class_name: &str,
        obj: &openapiv3::ObjectType,
    ) -> Result<(Vec<String>, Vec<String>)> {
        let mut required_props = Vec::new();
        let mut optional_props = Vec::new();
        let mut required_docs = Vec::new();
        let mut optional_docs = Vec::new();

        // First pass: partition properties into required and optional
        for (prop_name, prop_schema_ref) in &obj.properties {
            let is_required = obj.required.contains(prop_name);
            let field_name = Self::to_camel_case(prop_name);

            let (type_hint, nullable, phpdoc_type) = match prop_schema_ref {
                ReferenceOr::Item(prop_schema) => {
                    let (type_hint, nullable) =
                        self.schema_to_php_type(Some(class_name), Some(prop_name), prop_schema, !is_required, None);
                    let phpdoc_type =
                        self.schema_to_phpdoc_type(Some(class_name), Some(prop_name), prop_schema, !is_required, None);
                    (type_hint, nullable, phpdoc_type)
                }
                ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => {
                    let ref_name = self.extract_ref_name(reference);
                    let ref_type = ref_name.to_pascal_case();
                    if is_required {
                        (ref_type.clone(), false, ref_type)
                    } else {
                        (format!("?{ref_type}"), true, format!("{ref_type}|null"))
                    }
                }
            };

            let prop_line = self.build_property_line(&type_hint, &field_name, is_required, nullable);
            let doc_line = format!("     * @param {phpdoc_type} ${field_name}\n");

            if is_required {
                required_props.push(prop_line);
                required_docs.push(doc_line);
            } else {
                optional_props.push(prop_line);
                optional_docs.push(doc_line);
            }
        }

        // Combine: required first, then optional
        let mut property_lines = required_props;
        property_lines.extend(optional_props);
        let mut property_docs = required_docs;
        property_docs.extend(optional_docs);

        Ok((property_lines, property_docs))
    }

    /// Build a single property parameter line for constructor
    fn build_property_line(&self, type_hint: &str, field_name: &str, is_required: bool, nullable: bool) -> String {
        if is_required {
            format!("        public {type_hint} ${field_name},\n")
        } else if nullable {
            format!("        public {type_hint} ${field_name} = null,\n")
        } else {
            format!("        public ?{type_hint} ${field_name} = null,\n")
        }
    }

    /// Escape PHP string content for safe output
    /// Handles special characters in PHP string context
    fn escape_php_string(s: &str) -> String {
        s.chars()
            .flat_map(|c| match c {
                '\\' => vec!['\\', '\\'],
                '\'' => vec!['\\', '\''],
                '\n' => vec!['\\', 'n'],
                '\r' => vec!['\\', 'r'],
                '\t' => vec!['\\', 't'],
                _ => vec![c],
            })
            .collect()
    }

    /// Extract the last component of a JSON reference path
    fn extract_ref_name(&self, reference: &str) -> String {
        reference.split('/').next_back().unwrap_or("UnknownType").to_string()
    }

    fn resolve_schema_reference<'a>(&'a self, reference: &str) -> Option<&'a Schema> {
        let name = reference.split('/').next_back()?;
        self.spec
            .components
            .as_ref()?
            .schemas
            .get(name)
            .and_then(|schema_ref| match schema_ref {
                ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => Some(schema),
                ReferenceOr::Reference { .. } => None,
            })
    }

    fn uses_uuid_types(&self) -> bool {
        self.spec.components.as_ref().is_some_and(|components| {
            components
                .schemas
                .values()
                .filter_map(|schema_ref| match schema_ref {
                    ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => Some(schema),
                    ReferenceOr::Reference { .. } => None,
                })
                .any(|schema| self.schema_uses_uuid_type(schema))
        }) || self.spec.paths.paths.values().any(|path_item_ref| {
            let ReferenceOr::Item(path_item) = path_item_ref else {
                return false;
            };

            [
                path_item.get.as_ref(),
                path_item.post.as_ref(),
                path_item.put.as_ref(),
                path_item.delete.as_ref(),
                path_item.patch.as_ref(),
            ]
            .into_iter()
            .flatten()
            .any(|operation| self.operation_uses_uuid_type(operation))
        })
    }

    fn operation_uses_uuid_type(&self, operation: &Operation) -> bool {
        operation.parameters.iter().any(|parameter_ref| {
            let ReferenceOr::Item(parameter) = parameter_ref else {
                return false;
            };
            match parameter {
                Parameter::Path { parameter_data, .. }
                | Parameter::Query { parameter_data, .. }
                | Parameter::Header { parameter_data, .. }
                | Parameter::Cookie { parameter_data, .. } => {
                    let ParameterSchemaOrContent::Schema(schema_ref) = &parameter_data.format else {
                        return false;
                    };
                    match schema_ref {
                        ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => self.schema_uses_uuid_type(schema),
                        ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => self
                            .resolve_schema_reference(reference)
                            .is_some_and(|schema| self.schema_uses_uuid_type(schema)),
                    }
                }
            }
        }) || operation
            .request_body
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|body_ref| match body_ref {
                ReferenceOr::Item(request_body) => request_body
                    .content
                    .get("application/json")
                    .and_then(|media_type| media_type.schema.as_ref())
                    .and_then(|schema_ref| match schema_ref {
                        ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => Some(schema),
                        ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => self.resolve_schema_reference(reference),
                    }),
                ReferenceOr::Reference { .. } => None,
            })
            .is_some_and(|schema| self.schema_uses_uuid_type(schema))
    }

    fn schema_uses_uuid_type(&self, schema: &Schema) -> bool {
        let SchemaKind::Type(ty) = &schema.schema_kind else {
            if let SchemaKind::AllOf { all_of } = &schema.schema_kind {
                return all_of.iter().any(|schema_ref| match schema_ref {
                    ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => self.schema_uses_uuid_type(schema),
                    ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => self
                        .resolve_schema_reference(reference)
                        .is_some_and(|schema| self.schema_uses_uuid_type(schema)),
                });
            }
            return false;
        };

        match ty {
            Type::String(string_type) => {
                matches!(&string_type.format, VariantOrUnknownOrEmpty::Unknown(format) if format == "uuid")
            }
            Type::Array(array_type) => array_type
                .items
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|item_schema| match item_schema {
                    ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => Some(schema.as_ref()),
                    ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => self.resolve_schema_reference(reference),
                })
                .is_some_and(|schema| self.schema_uses_uuid_type(schema)),
            Type::Object(object_type) => object_type.properties.values().any(|schema_ref| match schema_ref {
                ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => self.schema_uses_uuid_type(schema),
                ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => self
                    .resolve_schema_reference(reference)
                    .is_some_and(|schema| self.schema_uses_uuid_type(schema)),
            }),
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Convert `snake_case` or kebab-case to camelCase
    fn to_camel_case(s: &str) -> String {
        let snake = s.to_snake_case();
        let mut chars = snake.chars();
        match chars.next() {
            None => String::new(),
            Some(first) => {
                let mut result = first.to_lowercase().collect::<String>();
                let mut capitalize_next = false;
                for c in chars {
                    if c == '_' {
                        capitalize_next = true;
                    } else if capitalize_next {
                        result.push_str(&c.to_uppercase().to_string());
                        capitalize_next = false;
                    } else {
                        result.push(c);
                    }
                }
                result
            }
        }
    }

    fn inline_model_name(&self, parent_class_name: &str, field_name: &str, schema: &Schema) -> Option<String> {
        match &schema.schema_kind {
            SchemaKind::Type(Type::Object(obj)) if !obj.properties.is_empty() => {
                Some(format!("{parent_class_name}{}", field_name.to_pascal_case()))
            }
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    fn inline_enum_name(&self, parent_class_name: &str, field_name: &str, schema: &Schema) -> Option<String> {
        Self::is_enum_schema(schema).then(|| format!("{parent_class_name}{}", field_name.to_pascal_case()))
    }

    fn inline_array_item_model_name(
        &self,
        parent_class_name: &str,
        field_name: &str,
        schema: &Schema,
    ) -> Option<String> {
        let item_schema = Self::inline_array_item_schema(schema)?;
        match &item_schema.schema_kind {
            SchemaKind::Type(Type::Object(obj)) if !obj.properties.is_empty() => {
                Some(format!("{parent_class_name}{}Item", field_name.to_pascal_case()))
            }
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    fn inline_array_item_enum_name(
        &self,
        parent_class_name: &str,
        field_name: &str,
        schema: &Schema,
    ) -> Option<String> {
        let item_schema = Self::inline_array_item_schema(schema)?;
        Self::is_enum_schema(item_schema).then(|| format!("{parent_class_name}{}Item", field_name.to_pascal_case()))
    }

    fn inline_array_item_schema(schema: &Schema) -> Option<&Schema> {
        match &schema.schema_kind {
            SchemaKind::Type(Type::Array(array_type)) => match &array_type.items {
                Some(ReferenceOr::Item(item_schema)) => Some(item_schema),
                _ => None,
            },
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    fn parameter_enum_name(&self, operation_id: Option<&str>, parameter_name: &str, schema: &Schema) -> Option<String> {
        Self::is_enum_schema(schema).then(|| {
            let operation_prefix = operation_id
                .map(str::to_pascal_case)
                .unwrap_or_else(|| "Operation".to_string());
            format!("{operation_prefix}{}", parameter_name.to_pascal_case())
        })
    }

    fn inline_request_body_model<'a>(&self, operation: &'a Operation) -> Option<(String, &'a Schema)> {
        let operation_id = operation.operation_id.as_deref()?;
        let request_body = operation.request_body.as_ref()?;

        match request_body {
            ReferenceOr::Item(body) => {
                let schema_ref = body.content.get("application/json")?.schema.as_ref()?;
                match schema_ref {
                    ReferenceOr::Item(schema) if Self::is_named_inline_object_schema(schema) => {
                        Some((format!("{}RequestBody", operation_id.to_pascal_case()), schema))
                    }
                    _ => None,
                }
            }
            ReferenceOr::Reference { .. } => None,
        }
    }

    fn inline_response_model<'a>(&self, operation: &'a Operation) -> Option<(String, &'a Schema)> {
        use openapiv3::StatusCode;

        let operation_id = operation.operation_id.as_deref()?;
        let response = operation
            .responses
            .responses
            .get(&StatusCode::Code(200))
            .or_else(|| operation.responses.responses.get(&StatusCode::Code(201)))
            .or_else(|| operation.responses.responses.get(&StatusCode::Range(2)))?;

        match response {
            ReferenceOr::Item(response) => {
                let schema_ref = response.content.get("application/json")?.schema.as_ref()?;
                match schema_ref {
                    ReferenceOr::Item(schema) if Self::is_named_inline_object_schema(schema) => {
                        Some((format!("{}ResponseBody", operation_id.to_pascal_case()), schema))
                    }
                    _ => None,
                }
            }
            ReferenceOr::Reference { .. } => None,
        }
    }

    fn is_named_inline_object_schema(schema: &Schema) -> bool {
        matches!(&schema.schema_kind, SchemaKind::Type(Type::Object(obj)) if !obj.properties.is_empty())
    }

    fn is_enum_schema(schema: &Schema) -> bool {
        matches!(&schema.schema_kind, SchemaKind::Type(Type::String(string_type)) if !string_type.enumeration.is_empty())
    }

    fn enum_case_name(value: &str) -> String {
        let mut name = value
            .chars()
            .map(|ch| if ch.is_ascii_alphanumeric() { ch } else { ' ' })
            .collect::<String>()
            .to_pascal_case();
        if name.is_empty() {
            name = "Value".to_string();
        }
        if name.chars().next().is_some_and(|ch| ch.is_ascii_digit()) {
            name.insert_str(0, "Value");
        }
        name
    }

    fn enum_type_name(
        &self,
        parent_class_name: Option<&str>,
        field_name: Option<&str>,
        schema: &Schema,
        inline_name: Option<&str>,
    ) -> Option<String> {
        Self::is_enum_schema(schema).then(|| {
            inline_name
                .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
                .or_else(|| {
                    parent_class_name
                        .zip(field_name)
                        .map(|(parent, field)| format!("{parent}{}", field.to_pascal_case()))
                })
                .unwrap_or_else(|| "StringBackedEnum".to_string())
        })
    }

    fn string_format_php_type(&self, string_type: &openapiv3::StringType) -> String {
        match &string_type.format {
            VariantOrUnknownOrEmpty::Item(StringFormat::Date | StringFormat::DateTime) => {
                "\\DateTimeImmutable".to_string()
            }
            VariantOrUnknownOrEmpty::Unknown(format) if format == "uuid" => "UuidValue".to_string(),
            _ => "string".to_string(),
        }
    }

    /// Extract type name from a schema reference or inline schema
    fn extract_type_from_schema_ref(&self, schema_ref: &ReferenceOr<Schema>, inline_name: Option<&str>) -> String {
        match schema_ref {
            ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => self.extract_ref_name(reference).to_pascal_case(),
            ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => self.schema_to_php_type(None, None, schema, false, inline_name).0,
        }
    }

    /// Extract request body type from operation if present
    fn extract_request_body_type(&self, operation: &Operation) -> Option<String> {
        operation.request_body.as_ref().and_then(|body_ref| match body_ref {
            ReferenceOr::Item(request_body) => self.extract_json_schema_type(
                request_body.content.get("application/json"),
                operation
                    .operation_id
                    .as_deref()
                    .map(|id| format!("{}RequestBody", id.to_pascal_case()))
                    .as_deref(),
            ),
            ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => {
                let ref_name = self.extract_ref_name(reference);
                Some(ref_name.to_pascal_case())
            }
        })
    }

    /// Extract JSON schema type from media type content
    fn extract_json_schema_type(
        &self,
        media_type: Option<&openapiv3::MediaType>,
        inline_name: Option<&str>,
    ) -> Option<String> {
        media_type.and_then(|mt| {
            mt.schema
                .as_ref()
                .map(|schema_ref| self.extract_type_from_schema_ref(schema_ref, inline_name))
        })
    }

    fn extract_json_schema_doc_type(
        &self,
        media_type: Option<&openapiv3::MediaType>,
        inline_name: Option<&str>,
    ) -> Option<String> {
        media_type.and_then(|mt| {
            mt.schema
                .as_ref()
                .map(|schema_ref| self.phpdoc_type_from_schema_ref(schema_ref, false, inline_name))
        })
    }

    /// Extract response type from operation (looks for 200/201 responses)
    fn extract_response_type(&self, operation: &Operation) -> String {
        use openapiv3::StatusCode;

        let response = operation
            .responses
            .responses
            .get(&StatusCode::Code(200))
            .or_else(|| operation.responses.responses.get(&StatusCode::Code(201)))
            .or_else(|| operation.responses.responses.get(&StatusCode::Range(2)));

        response
            .and_then(|response_ref| {
                self.extract_response_type_from_ref(
                    response_ref,
                    operation
                        .operation_id
                        .as_deref()
                        .map(|id| format!("{}ResponseBody", id.to_pascal_case()))
                        .as_deref(),
                )
            })
            .unwrap_or_else(|| "array".to_string())
    }

    fn extract_request_body_doc_type(&self, operation: &Operation) -> Option<String> {
        operation.request_body.as_ref().and_then(|body_ref| match body_ref {
            ReferenceOr::Item(request_body) => self.extract_json_schema_doc_type(
                request_body.content.get("application/json"),
                operation
                    .operation_id
                    .as_deref()
                    .map(|id| format!("{}RequestBody", id.to_pascal_case()))
                    .as_deref(),
            ),
            ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => {
                let ref_name = self.extract_ref_name(reference);
                Some(ref_name.to_pascal_case())
            }
        })
    }

    fn extract_response_doc_type(&self, operation: &Operation) -> String {
        use openapiv3::StatusCode;

        let response = operation
            .responses
            .responses
            .get(&StatusCode::Code(200))
            .or_else(|| operation.responses.responses.get(&StatusCode::Code(201)))
            .or_else(|| operation.responses.responses.get(&StatusCode::Range(2)));

        response
            .and_then(|response_ref| {
                self.extract_response_doc_type_from_ref(
                    response_ref,
                    operation
                        .operation_id
                        .as_deref()
                        .map(|id| format!("{}ResponseBody", id.to_pascal_case()))
                        .as_deref(),
                )
            })
            .unwrap_or_else(|| "array<string, mixed>".to_string())
    }

    /// Extract response type from a single response reference
    fn extract_response_type_from_ref(
        &self,
        response_ref: &ReferenceOr<openapiv3::Response>,
        inline_name: Option<&str>,
    ) -> Option<String> {
        match response_ref {
            ReferenceOr::Item(response) => {
                let media_type = response.content.get("application/json")?;
                let schema_ref = media_type.schema.as_ref()?;
                Some(self.extract_type_from_schema_ref(schema_ref, inline_name))
            }
            ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => {
                let ref_name = self.extract_ref_name(reference);
                Some(ref_name.to_pascal_case())
            }
        }
    }

    fn extract_response_doc_type_from_ref(
        &self,
        response_ref: &ReferenceOr<openapiv3::Response>,
        inline_name: Option<&str>,
    ) -> Option<String> {
        match response_ref {
            ReferenceOr::Item(response) => {
                let media_type = response.content.get("application/json")?;
                let schema_ref = media_type.schema.as_ref()?;
                Some(self.phpdoc_type_from_schema_ref(schema_ref, false, inline_name))
            }
            ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => {
                let ref_name = self.extract_ref_name(reference);
                Some(ref_name.to_pascal_case())
            }
        }
    }

    /// Convert `OpenAPI` schema to PHP type hint
    /// Returns (`type_hint`, `is_already_nullable`)
    /// Uses native PHP type syntax for type hints (valid in PHP 7.4+)
    fn schema_to_php_type(
        &self,
        parent_class_name: Option<&str>,
        field_name: Option<&str>,
        schema: &Schema,
        optional: bool,
        inline_name: Option<&str>,
    ) -> (String, bool) {
        let base_type = if let Some(enum_type) = self.enum_type_name(parent_class_name, field_name, schema, inline_name)
        {
            enum_type
        } else {
            match &schema.schema_kind {
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::String(string_type)) => self.string_format_php_type(string_type),
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Number(_)) => "float".to_string(),
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Integer(_)) => "int".to_string(),
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Boolean(_)) => "bool".to_string(),
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Array(_)) => {
                    // Use plain 'array' for native type hints; generic syntax is only for PHPDoc
                    "array".to_string()
                }
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Object(obj)) if !obj.properties.is_empty() => inline_name
                    .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
                    .or_else(|| {
                        parent_class_name
                            .zip(field_name)
                            .map(|(parent, field)| format!("{parent}{}", field.to_pascal_case()))
                    })
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "array".to_string()),
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Object(_)) => "array".to_string(),
                _ => "mixed".to_string(),
            }
        };

        if optional {
            (format!("?{base_type}"), true)
        } else {
            (base_type, false)
        }
    }

    /// Generate `PHPDoc` type annotation for arrays
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    fn schema_to_phpdoc_type(
        &self,
        parent_class_name: Option<&str>,
        field_name: Option<&str>,
        schema: &Schema,
        optional: bool,
        inline_name: Option<&str>,
    ) -> String {
        let base_type = if let Some(enum_type) = self.enum_type_name(parent_class_name, field_name, schema, inline_name)
        {
            enum_type
        } else {
            match &schema.schema_kind {
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::String(string_type)) => {
                    if string_type.enumeration.is_empty() {
                        self.string_format_php_type(string_type)
                    } else {
                        string_type
                            .enumeration
                            .iter()
                            .flatten()
                            .map(|value| format!("'{}'", Self::escape_php_string(value)))
                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                            .join("|")
                    }
                }
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Number(number_type)) => {
                    if number_type.enumeration.is_empty() {
                        "float".to_string()
                    } else {
                        number_type
                            .enumeration
                            .iter()
                            .flatten()
                            .map(ToString::to_string)
                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                            .join("|")
                    }
                }
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Integer(integer_type)) => {
                    if integer_type.enumeration.is_empty() {
                        "int".to_string()
                    } else {
                        integer_type
                            .enumeration
                            .iter()
                            .flatten()
                            .map(ToString::to_string)
                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                            .join("|")
                    }
                }
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Boolean(_)) => "bool".to_string(),
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Array(arr)) => {
                    let item_type = match &arr.items {
                        Some(ReferenceOr::Item(item_schema)) => self.schema_to_phpdoc_type(
                            None,
                            None,
                            item_schema,
                            false,
                            parent_class_name
                                .zip(field_name)
                                .and_then(|(parent, field)| {
                                    self.inline_array_item_model_name(parent, field, schema)
                                        .or_else(|| self.inline_array_item_enum_name(parent, field, schema))
                                })
                                .as_deref(),
                        ),
                        Some(ReferenceOr::Reference { reference }) => {
                            let ref_name = reference.split('/').next_back().unwrap();
                            ref_name.to_pascal_case()
                        }
                        None => "mixed".to_string(),
                    };
                    format!("list<{item_type}>")
                }
                SchemaKind::Type(Type::Object(obj)) => {
                    if obj.properties.is_empty() {
                        "array<string, mixed>".to_string()
                    } else {
                        inline_name
                            .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
                            .or_else(|| {
                                parent_class_name
                                    .zip(field_name)
                                    .map(|(parent, field)| format!("{parent}{}", field.to_pascal_case()))
                            })
                            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                                let mut entries = Vec::new();
                                for (prop_name, prop_schema_ref) in &obj.properties {
                                    let is_required = obj.required.contains(prop_name);
                                    let prop_type = match prop_schema_ref {
                                        ReferenceOr::Item(prop_schema) => self.schema_to_phpdoc_type(
                                            parent_class_name,
                                            Some(prop_name),
                                            prop_schema,
                                            !is_required,
                                            None,
                                        ),
                                        ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => {
                                            let ref_name = reference.split('/').next_back().unwrap();
                                            let mut base = ref_name.to_pascal_case();
                                            if !is_required {
                                                base.push_str("|null");
                                            }
                                            base
                                        }
                                    };
                                    if is_required {
                                        entries.push(format!("{prop_name}: {prop_type}"));
                                    } else {
                                        entries.push(format!("{prop_name}?: {prop_type}"));
                                    }
                                }
                                format!("array{{{}}}", entries.join(", "))
                            })
                    }
                }
                _ => "mixed".to_string(),
            }
        };

        if optional {
            format!("{base_type}|null")
        } else {
            base_type
        }
    }

    /// Generate all controller classes from API paths
    fn generate_controllers(&self) -> Result<String> {
        let mut output = String::new();
        output.push_str("\n// Controller Classes\n\n");

        let controllers = self.group_operations_by_controller();

        for (controller_name, routes) in controllers {
            output.push_str(&self.generate_controller_class(&controller_name, &routes)?);
            output.push('\n');
        }

        Ok(output)
    }

    /// Group operations by controller name based on API path
    fn group_operations_by_controller(&self) -> std::collections::HashMap<String, Vec<(String, String, Operation)>> {
        let mut controllers: std::collections::HashMap<String, Vec<(String, String, Operation)>> =
            std::collections::HashMap::new();

        for (path, path_item_ref) in &self.spec.paths.paths {
            let path_item = match path_item_ref {
                ReferenceOr::Item(item) => item,
                ReferenceOr::Reference { .. } => continue,
            };

            let controller_name = self.extract_controller_name(path);
            self.add_path_operations(&mut controllers, path, &controller_name, path_item);
        }

        controllers
    }

    /// Add all HTTP method operations from a path item to controllers map
    fn add_path_operations(
        &self,
        controllers: &mut std::collections::HashMap<String, Vec<(String, String, Operation)>>,
        path: &str,
        controller_name: &str,
        path_item: &openapiv3::PathItem,
    ) {
        let methods = [
            ("GET", &path_item.get),
            ("POST", &path_item.post),
            ("PUT", &path_item.put),
            ("DELETE", &path_item.delete),
            ("PATCH", &path_item.patch),
        ];

        for (method, op_opt) in methods {
            if let Some(op) = op_opt {
                controllers.entry(controller_name.to_string()).or_default().push((
                    path.to_string(),
                    method.to_string(),
                    op.clone(),
                ));
            }
        }
    }

    fn extract_controller_name(&self, path: &str) -> String {
        let segments: Vec<&str> = path
            .split('/')
            .filter(|s| !s.is_empty() && !s.starts_with('{'))
            .collect();

        if let Some(first_segment) = segments.first() {
            format!("{}Controller", first_segment.to_pascal_case())
        } else {
            "DefaultController".to_string()
        }
    }

    fn generate_controller_class(
        &self,
        controller_name: &str,
        routes: &[(String, String, Operation)],
    ) -> Result<String> {
        let mut output = String::new();

        output.push_str("/**\n");
        output.push_str(&format!(" * {controller_name} - Generated controller for API routes\n"));
        output.push_str(" */\n");

        output.push_str(&format!("class {controller_name}\n{{\n"));

        for (path, method, operation) in routes {
            output.push_str(&self.generate_route_handler(path, method, operation)?);
        }

        output.push_str("}\n");

        Ok(output)
    }

    /// Generate a single route handler method
    fn generate_route_handler(&self, path: &str, method: &str, operation: &Operation) -> Result<String> {
        let mut output = String::new();
        let method_name = self.extract_handler_method_name(operation, method, path);
        let (path_params, query_params, body_type, return_type) =
            self.extract_handler_parameters(operation, &mut output)?;

        output.push_str(&format!(
            "    #[Route('{}', methods: ['{}'])]\n",
            path,
            method.to_uppercase()
        ));

        self.append_function_signature(
            &mut output,
            &method_name,
            &path_params,
            &query_params,
            &body_type,
            &return_type,
        );
        self.append_function_body(&mut output);

        Ok(output)
    }

    /// Extract handler method name from operation ID or generate from path/method
    fn extract_handler_method_name(&self, operation: &Operation, method: &str, path: &str) -> String {
        operation
            .operation_id
            .as_ref()
            .map(|id| Self::to_camel_case(id))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                Self::to_camel_case(&format!(
                    "{}_{}",
                    method.to_lowercase(),
                    path.replace('/', "_").replace(['{', '}'], "").trim_matches('_')
                ))
            })
    }

    /// Extract and document handler parameters from operation
    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
    fn extract_handler_parameters(
        &self,
        operation: &Operation,
        output: &mut String,
    ) -> Result<(
        Vec<(String, String)>,
        Vec<(String, String, bool)>,
        Option<String>,
        String,
    )> {
        output.push_str("    /**\n");
        self.append_operation_description(output, operation);

        let (path_params, query_params) = self.extract_path_and_query_params(operation, output);
        let body_type = self.extract_request_body_type(operation);
        let return_type = self.extract_response_type(operation);
        let body_doc_type = self.extract_request_body_doc_type(operation);
        let return_doc_type = self.extract_response_doc_type(operation);

        self.append_parameter_docs(output, &body_doc_type, &return_doc_type);

        Ok((path_params, query_params, body_type, return_type))
    }

    /// Append operation summary and description to `PHPDoc`
    fn append_operation_description(&self, output: &mut String, operation: &Operation) {
        if let Some(summary) = &operation.summary {
            output.push_str(&format!("     * {summary}\n"));
        }
        if let Some(description) = &operation.description {
            output.push_str(&format!("     * \n     * {description}\n"));
        }
        output.push_str("     * \n");
    }

    /// Extract path and query parameters from operation
    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
    fn extract_path_and_query_params(
        &self,
        operation: &Operation,
        output: &mut String,
    ) -> (Vec<(String, String)>, Vec<(String, String, bool)>) {
        let mut path_params = Vec::new();
        let mut query_params = Vec::new();

        for param_ref in &operation.parameters {
            if let ReferenceOr::Item(param) = param_ref {
                self.process_parameter(
                    operation.operation_id.as_deref(),
                    param,
                    &mut path_params,
                    &mut query_params,
                    output,
                );
            }
        }

        (path_params, query_params)
    }

    /// Process a single parameter and add to path or query params
    fn process_parameter(
        &self,
        operation_id: Option<&str>,
        param: &Parameter,
        path_params: &mut Vec<(String, String)>,
        query_params: &mut Vec<(String, String, bool)>,
        output: &mut String,
    ) {
        match param {
            Parameter::Path { parameter_data, .. } => {
                let param_name = Self::to_camel_case(&parameter_data.name);
                let (native_type, phpdoc_type) = self.parameter_types(operation_id, parameter_data, false);
                path_params.push((param_name.clone(), native_type));
                output.push_str(&format!("     * @param {phpdoc_type} ${param_name}\n"));
            }
            Parameter::Query { parameter_data, .. } => {
                let param_name = Self::to_camel_case(&parameter_data.name);
                let required = parameter_data.required;
                let (native_type, phpdoc_type) = self.parameter_types(operation_id, parameter_data, !required);
                query_params.push((param_name.clone(), native_type, required));
                output.push_str(&format!("     * @param {phpdoc_type} ${param_name}\n"));
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    fn parameter_types(
        &self,
        operation_id: Option<&str>,
        parameter_data: &ParameterData,
        optional: bool,
    ) -> (String, String) {
        match &parameter_data.format {
            ParameterSchemaOrContent::Schema(schema_ref) => match schema_ref {
                ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => {
                    let inline_name = self.parameter_enum_name(operation_id, &parameter_data.name, schema);
                    let (native_type, _) =
                        self.schema_to_php_type(None, None, schema, optional, inline_name.as_deref());
                    let phpdoc_type = self.schema_to_phpdoc_type(None, None, schema, optional, inline_name.as_deref());
                    (native_type, phpdoc_type)
                }
                ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => {
                    let base = self.extract_ref_name(reference).to_pascal_case();
                    if optional {
                        (format!("?{base}"), format!("{base}|null"))
                    } else {
                        (base.clone(), base)
                    }
                }
            },
            ParameterSchemaOrContent::Content(_) => {
                if optional {
                    ("?array".to_string(), "array<string, mixed>|null".to_string())
                } else {
                    ("array".to_string(), "array<string, mixed>".to_string())
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Append parameter documentation to `PHPDoc`
    fn append_parameter_docs(&self, output: &mut String, body_doc_type: &Option<String>, return_doc_type: &str) {
        if let Some(body_type_name) = body_doc_type {
            output.push_str(&format!("     * @param {body_type_name} $body\n"));
        }
        output.push_str(&format!("     * @return {return_doc_type}\n"));
        output.push_str("     */\n");
    }

    fn phpdoc_type_from_schema_ref(
        &self,
        schema_ref: &ReferenceOr<Schema>,
        optional: bool,
        inline_name: Option<&str>,
    ) -> String {
        match schema_ref {
            ReferenceOr::Item(schema) => self.schema_to_phpdoc_type(None, None, schema, optional, inline_name),
            ReferenceOr::Reference { reference } => {
                let mut base = self.extract_ref_name(reference).to_pascal_case();
                if optional {
                    base.push_str("|null");
                }
                base
            }
        }
    }

    /// Append function signature to output
    fn append_function_signature(
        &self,
        output: &mut String,
        method_name: &str,
        path_params: &[(String, String)],
        query_params: &[(String, String, bool)],
        body_type: &Option<String>,
        return_type: &str,
    ) {
        output.push_str(&format!("    public function {method_name}("));

        let mut params = Vec::new();

        for (param_name, param_type) in path_params {
            params.push(format!("{param_type} ${param_name}"));
        }

        for (param_name, param_type, required) in query_params.iter().filter(|(_, _, required)| *required) {
            let _ = required;
            params.push(format!("{param_type} ${param_name}"));
        }

        if let Some(body_type_name) = body_type {
            params.push(format!("{body_type_name} $body"));
        }

        for (param_name, param_type, required) in query_params.iter().filter(|(_, _, required)| !*required) {
            let _ = required;
            params.push(format!("{param_type} ${param_name} = null"));
        }

        output.push_str(&params.join(", "));
        output.push_str(&format!("): {return_type}\n    {{\n"));
    }

    /// Append function body (TODO stub)
    fn append_function_body(&self, output: &mut String) {
        output.push_str("        // TODO: Implement this endpoint\n");
        output.push_str("        throw new \\RuntimeException('Not implemented');\n");
        output.push_str("    }\n\n");
    }

    fn generate_main(&self) -> String {
        format!(
            r"
// Bootstrap Application
// This section shows how to initialize and run the application

/**
 * Example using Slim Framework 4:
 *
 * require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
 *
 * use Slim\Factory\AppFactory;
 *
 * $app = AppFactory::create();
 *
 * // Register routes
 * // Note: You'll need to manually extract route attributes and register them
 * // or use a library that supports PHP 8 attributes
 *
 * $app->run();
 */

/**
 * Example using Symfony:
 *
 * The #[Route] attributes are compatible with Symfony's routing.
 * Simply ensure the controllers are registered as services and
 * Symfony will automatically discover the routes.
 */

/**
 * Application Information:
 * Title: {}
 * Version: {}
 * OpenAPI: {}
 */
",
            self.spec.info.title, self.spec.info.version, self.spec.openapi
        )
    }
}