solverforge-scoring 0.7.1

/* Zero-erasure if_exists/if_not_exists uni-constraint.

Filters A entities based on whether a matching B entity exists in another collection.
The result is still a uni-constraint over A, not a bi-constraint.
*/

use std::collections::HashSet;
use std::hash::Hash;
use std::marker::PhantomData;

use solverforge_core::score::Score;
use solverforge_core::{ConstraintRef, ImpactType};

use crate::api::constraint_set::IncrementalConstraint;

// Whether to include A entities that have or don't have matching B entities.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ExistenceMode {
    // Include A if at least one matching B exists.
    Exists,
    // Include A if no matching B exists.
    NotExists,
}

/* Zero-erasure uni-constraint with existence filtering.

Scores A entities based on whether a matching B entity exists (or doesn't exist)
in another collection. Unlike join, this produces a uni-constraint over A.

# Type Parameters

- `S` - Solution type
- `A` - Primary entity type (scored)
- `B` - Secondary entity type (checked for existence)
- `K` - Join key type
- `EA` - Extractor for A entities
- `EB` - Extractor for B entities
- `KA` - Key extractor for A
- `KB` - Key extractor for B
- `FA` - Filter on A entities
- `W` - Weight function for A entities
- `Sc` - Score type

# Example

```
use solverforge_scoring::constraint::if_exists::{IfExistsUniConstraint, ExistenceMode};
use solverforge_scoring::api::constraint_set::IncrementalConstraint;
use solverforge_core::{ConstraintRef, ImpactType};
use solverforge_core::score::SoftScore;

#[derive(Clone)]
struct Shift { id: usize, employee_idx: Option<usize> }

#[derive(Clone)]
struct Employee { id: usize, on_vacation: bool }

#[derive(Clone)]
struct Schedule { shifts: Vec<Shift>, employees: Vec<Employee> }

// Penalize shifts assigned to employees who are on vacation
let constraint = IfExistsUniConstraint::new(
ConstraintRef::new("", "Vacation conflict"),
ImpactType::Penalty,
ExistenceMode::Exists,
|s: &Schedule| s.shifts.as_slice(),
|s: &Schedule| s.employees.iter().filter(|e| e.on_vacation).cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
|shift: &Shift| shift.employee_idx,
|emp: &Employee| Some(emp.id),
|_s: &Schedule, shift: &Shift| shift.employee_idx.is_some(),
|_shift: &Shift| SoftScore::of(1),
false,
);

let schedule = Schedule {
shifts: vec![
Shift { id: 0, employee_idx: Some(0) },  // assigned to vacationing emp
Shift { id: 1, employee_idx: Some(1) },  // assigned to working emp
Shift { id: 2, employee_idx: None },     // unassigned
],
employees: vec![
Employee { id: 0, on_vacation: true },
Employee { id: 1, on_vacation: false },
],
};

// Only shift 0 matches (assigned to employee on vacation)
assert_eq!(constraint.evaluate(&schedule), SoftScore::of(-1));
```
*/
pub struct IfExistsUniConstraint<S, A, B, K, EA, EB, KA, KB, FA, W, Sc>
where
    Sc: Score,
{
    constraint_ref: ConstraintRef,
    impact_type: ImpactType,
    mode: ExistenceMode,
    extractor_a: EA,
    extractor_b: EB,
    key_a: KA,
    key_b: KB,
    filter_a: FA,
    weight: W,
    is_hard: bool,
    _phantom: PhantomData<(fn() -> S, fn() -> A, fn() -> B, fn() -> K, fn() -> Sc)>,
}

impl<S, A, B, K, EA, EB, KA, KB, FA, W, Sc>
    IfExistsUniConstraint<S, A, B, K, EA, EB, KA, KB, FA, W, Sc>
where
    S: 'static,
    A: Clone + 'static,
    B: Clone + 'static,
    K: Eq + Hash + Clone,
    EA: crate::stream::collection_extract::CollectionExtract<S, Item = A>,
    EB: Fn(&S) -> Vec<B>,
    KA: Fn(&A) -> K,
    KB: Fn(&B) -> K,
    FA: Fn(&S, &A) -> bool,
    W: Fn(&A) -> Sc,
    Sc: Score,
{
    // Creates a new if_exists/if_not_exists constraint.
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        constraint_ref: ConstraintRef,
        impact_type: ImpactType,
        mode: ExistenceMode,
        extractor_a: EA,
        extractor_b: EB,
        key_a: KA,
        key_b: KB,
        filter_a: FA,
        weight: W,
        is_hard: bool,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            constraint_ref,
            impact_type,
            mode,
            extractor_a,
            extractor_b,
            key_a,
            key_b,
            filter_a,
            weight,
            is_hard,
            _phantom: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn compute_score(&self, a: &A) -> Sc {
        let base = (self.weight)(a);
        match self.impact_type {
            ImpactType::Penalty => -base,
            ImpactType::Reward => base,
        }
    }

    fn build_b_keys(&self, solution: &S) -> HashSet<K> {
        let entities_b = (self.extractor_b)(solution);
        entities_b.iter().map(|b| (self.key_b)(b)).collect()
    }

    fn matches_existence(&self, a: &A, b_keys: &HashSet<K>) -> bool {
        let key = (self.key_a)(a);
        let exists = b_keys.contains(&key);
        match self.mode {
            ExistenceMode::Exists => exists,
            ExistenceMode::NotExists => !exists,
        }
    }
}

impl<S, A, B, K, EA, EB, KA, KB, FA, W, Sc> IncrementalConstraint<S, Sc>
    for IfExistsUniConstraint<S, A, B, K, EA, EB, KA, KB, FA, W, Sc>
where
    S: Send + Sync + 'static,
    A: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
    B: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
    K: Eq + Hash + Clone + Send + Sync,
    EA: crate::stream::collection_extract::CollectionExtract<S, Item = A>,
    EB: Fn(&S) -> Vec<B> + Send + Sync,
    KA: Fn(&A) -> K + Send + Sync,
    KB: Fn(&B) -> K + Send + Sync,
    FA: Fn(&S, &A) -> bool + Send + Sync,
    W: Fn(&A) -> Sc + Send + Sync,
    Sc: Score,
{
    fn evaluate(&self, solution: &S) -> Sc {
        let entities_a = self.extractor_a.extract(solution);
        let b_keys = self.build_b_keys(solution);

        let mut total = Sc::zero();
        for a in entities_a {
            if (self.filter_a)(solution, a) && self.matches_existence(a, &b_keys) {
                total = total + self.compute_score(a);
            }
        }
        total
    }

    fn match_count(&self, solution: &S) -> usize {
        let entities_a = self.extractor_a.extract(solution);
        let b_keys = self.build_b_keys(solution);

        entities_a
            .iter()
            .filter(|a| (self.filter_a)(solution, a) && self.matches_existence(a, &b_keys))
            .count()
    }

    fn initialize(&mut self, solution: &S) -> Sc {
        self.evaluate(solution)
    }

    fn on_insert(&mut self, solution: &S, entity_index: usize, _descriptor_index: usize) -> Sc {
        let entities_a = self.extractor_a.extract(solution);
        if entity_index >= entities_a.len() {
            return Sc::zero();
        }

        let a = &entities_a[entity_index];
        if !(self.filter_a)(solution, a) {
            return Sc::zero();
        }

        let b_keys = self.build_b_keys(solution);
        if self.matches_existence(a, &b_keys) {
            self.compute_score(a)
        } else {
            Sc::zero()
        }
    }

    fn on_retract(&mut self, solution: &S, entity_index: usize, _descriptor_index: usize) -> Sc {
        let entities_a = self.extractor_a.extract(solution);
        if entity_index >= entities_a.len() {
            return Sc::zero();
        }

        let a = &entities_a[entity_index];
        if !(self.filter_a)(solution, a) {
            return Sc::zero();
        }

        let b_keys = self.build_b_keys(solution);
        if self.matches_existence(a, &b_keys) {
            -self.compute_score(a)
        } else {
            Sc::zero()
        }
    }

    fn reset(&mut self) {
        // No cached state to clear - we rebuild b_keys on each evaluation
    }

    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        &self.constraint_ref.name
    }

    fn is_hard(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_hard
    }

    fn constraint_ref(&self) -> ConstraintRef {
        self.constraint_ref.clone()
    }
}

impl<S, A, B, K, EA, EB, KA, KB, FA, W, Sc: Score> std::fmt::Debug
    for IfExistsUniConstraint<S, A, B, K, EA, EB, KA, KB, FA, W, Sc>
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("IfExistsUniConstraint")
            .field("name", &self.constraint_ref.name)
            .field("impact_type", &self.impact_type)
            .field("mode", &self.mode)
            .finish()
    }
}