# sof-tx
`sof-tx` is the transaction SDK for SOF.
It provides:
- ergonomic transaction/message building
- signed and pre-signed submission APIs
- runtime mode selection:
- `RpcOnly`
- `DirectOnly` (leader-targeted UDP send)
- `Hybrid` (direct first, RPC fallback)
- routing policy and signature-level dedupe
## At a Glance
- Build `V0` or legacy Solana transactions
- Submit through RPC, direct leader routing, or hybrid fallback
- Attach live `sof` runtime adapters when you want local leader/blockhash signals
- Use optional kernel-bypass direct transports for custom low-latency networking
## Install
```bash
cargo add sof-tx
```
Enable SOF runtime adapters when you want provider values from live `sof` plugin events:
```toml
sof-tx = { version = "0.6.1", features = ["sof-adapters"] }
```
Enable `kernel-bypass` transport hooks for kernel-bypass direct submit integrations:
```toml
sof-tx = { version = "0.6.1", features = ["kernel-bypass"] }
```
## Quick Start
Basic client setup:
```rust
use std::sync::Arc;
use sof_tx::{
SubmitMode, SubmitReliability, TxBuilder, TxSubmitClient,
providers::{StaticLeaderProvider, StaticRecentBlockhashProvider},
submit::{JsonRpcTransport, UdpDirectTransport},
};
use solana_keypair::Keypair;
use solana_signer::Signer;
use solana_system_interface::instruction as system_instruction;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let payer = Keypair::new();
let recipient = Keypair::new();
let blockhash_provider = Arc::new(StaticRecentBlockhashProvider::new(Some([7_u8; 32])));
let leader_provider = Arc::new(StaticLeaderProvider::new(None, Vec::new()));
let client = TxSubmitClient::new(blockhash_provider, leader_provider)
.with_reliability(SubmitReliability::Balanced)
.with_rpc_transport(Arc::new(JsonRpcTransport::new("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com")?))
.with_direct_transport(Arc::new(UdpDirectTransport));
let builder = TxBuilder::new(payer.pubkey()).add_instruction(
system_instruction::transfer(&payer.pubkey(), &recipient.pubkey(), 1),
);
let _ = client
.submit_builder(builder, &[&payer], SubmitMode::Hybrid)
.await?;
Ok(())
}
```
## Core Types
- `TxBuilder`: compose transaction instructions and signing inputs.
- `TxSubmitClient`: submit through RPC/direct/hybrid.
- `SubmitMode`: runtime mode switch.
- `SignedTx`: submit externally signed transaction bytes.
- `RoutingPolicy`: leader/backup fanout controls.
- `LeaderProvider` and `RecentBlockhashProvider`: provider boundaries.
- `TxMessageVersion`: select `V0` (default) or `Legacy` message output.
- `MAX_TRANSACTION_WIRE_BYTES`: current max over-the-wire transaction bytes.
- `MAX_TRANSACTION_ACCOUNT_LOCKS`: current max account locks per transaction.
## Message Version and Limits
`TxBuilder` emits `V0` messages by default without requiring address lookup tables.
Legacy output remains available through `with_legacy_message()`.
Current protocol-aligned limits exposed by `sof-tx`:
- `MAX_TRANSACTION_WIRE_BYTES = 1232`
- `MAX_TRANSACTION_ACCOUNT_LOCKS = 128`
## SOF Adapter Layer
With `sof-adapters` enabled, `PluginHostTxProviderAdapter` can be:
- registered as a SOF plugin to ingest blockhash/leader/topology events, and
- passed directly into `TxSubmitClient` as both providers.
```rust
use std::sync::Arc;
use sof::framework::{ObserverPlugin, PluginHost};
use sof_tx::{
SubmitMode, SubmitReliability, TxBuilder, TxSubmitClient,
adapters::PluginHostTxProviderAdapter,
submit::{JsonRpcTransport, UdpDirectTransport},
};
use solana_keypair::Keypair;
use solana_signer::Signer;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let adapter = Arc::new(PluginHostTxProviderAdapter::default());
let host = PluginHost::builder()
.add_shared_plugin(adapter.clone() as Arc<dyn ObserverPlugin>)
.build();
// If SOF runtime was already running, optionally seed from host snapshots.
adapter.prime_from_plugin_host(&host);
let client = TxSubmitClient::new(adapter.clone(), adapter.clone())
.with_reliability(SubmitReliability::Balanced)
.with_rpc_transport(Arc::new(JsonRpcTransport::new("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com")?))
.with_direct_transport(Arc::new(UdpDirectTransport));
let payer = Keypair::new();
let recipient = Keypair::new();
let builder = TxBuilder::new(payer.pubkey())
.with_compute_unit_limit(450_000)
.with_priority_fee_micro_lamports(100_000)
.add_instruction(solana_system_interface::instruction::transfer(
&payer.pubkey(),
&recipient.pubkey(),
1,
));
let _ = client
.submit_builder(builder, &[&payer], SubmitMode::Hybrid)
.await?;
Ok(())
}
```
Direct submit needs TPU endpoints for scheduled leaders. The adapter gets these from
`on_cluster_topology` events, or you can inject them manually with:
- `set_leader_tpu_addr(pubkey, tpu_addr)`
- `remove_leader_tpu_addr(pubkey)`
## Expanded Quickstart
```rust
use std::sync::Arc;
use sof_tx::{
SubmitMode, SubmitReliability, TxBuilder, TxSubmitClient,
providers::{LeaderProvider, LeaderTarget, RecentBlockhashProvider, StaticLeaderProvider, StaticRecentBlockhashProvider},
submit::{JsonRpcTransport, UdpDirectTransport},
};
use solana_keypair::Keypair;
use solana_signer::Signer;
use solana_system_interface::instruction as system_instruction;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let payer = Keypair::new();
let recipient = Keypair::new();
let blockhash_provider = Arc::new(StaticRecentBlockhashProvider::new(Some([7_u8; 32])));
let leader_provider = Arc::new(StaticLeaderProvider::new(None, Vec::new()));
let client = TxSubmitClient::new(blockhash_provider, leader_provider)
.with_reliability(SubmitReliability::Balanced)
.with_rpc_transport(Arc::new(JsonRpcTransport::new("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com")?))
.with_direct_transport(Arc::new(UdpDirectTransport));
let builder = TxBuilder::new(payer.pubkey())
.with_compute_unit_limit(450_000)
.with_priority_fee_micro_lamports(100_000)
.tip_developer()
.add_instruction(system_instruction::transfer(
&payer.pubkey(),
&recipient.pubkey(),
1,
));
let _result = client
.submit_builder(builder, &[&payer], SubmitMode::Hybrid)
.await?;
Ok(())
}
```
## Simplifying OpenBook + CPMM Flows
The recommended pattern is to keep strategy-specific instruction creation separate, and route both through one shared SDK pipeline.
```rust
use sof_tx::{SubmitMode, TxBuilder, TxSubmitClient};
use solana_instruction::Instruction;
use solana_keypair::Keypair;
use solana_signer::Signer;
fn build_openbook_instructions(/* params */) -> Vec<Instruction> {
// your OpenBook ix generation
vec![]
}
fn build_cpmm_instructions(/* params */) -> Vec<Instruction> {
// your CPMM ix generation
vec![]
}
async fn submit_strategy_ixs(
client: &TxSubmitClient,
payer: &Keypair,
ixs: Vec<Instruction>,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let builder = TxBuilder::new(payer.pubkey())
.with_compute_unit_limit(500_000)
.with_priority_fee_micro_lamports(120_000)
.tip_developer()
.add_instructions(ixs);
let _ = client
.submit_builder(builder, &[payer], SubmitMode::Hybrid)
.await?;
Ok(())
}
```
This gives one consistent path for signing, dedupe, routing, and fallback behavior.
## Submitting Pre-Signed Transactions
If your signer is external (wallet/HSM/offline), submit bytes directly:
```rust
use sof_tx::{SignedTx, SubmitMode, TxSubmitClient};
async fn send_presigned(
client: &TxSubmitClient,
tx_bytes: Vec<u8>,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let _ = client
.submit_signed(SignedTx::WireTransactionBytes(tx_bytes), SubmitMode::Hybrid)
.await?;
Ok(())
}
```
## Developer Tip
`TxBuilder::tip_developer()` adds a developer-support transfer instruction using a default tip of `5000` lamports.
- default amount: `5000` lamports (`DEFAULT_DEVELOPER_TIP_LAMPORTS`)
- default recipient: `G3WHMVjx7Cb3MFhBAHe52zw8yhbHodWnas5gYLceaqze`
- custom amount: `tip_developer_lamports(...)`
- custom recipient + amount: `tip_to(...)`
Thanks in advance for supporting continued SDK development.
## Mode Guidance
- `RpcOnly`: maximum compatibility.
- `DirectOnly`: lowest path latency when leader targets are reliable.
- `Hybrid`: practical default for latency + fallback resilience.
## Reliability Profiles
Direct and hybrid modes include built-in reliability defaults through `SubmitReliability`.
- `LowLatency`: minimal retries for fastest failover (`direct_target_rounds=1`, `hybrid_direct_attempts=1`)
- `Balanced` (default): extra direct retries before fallback (`direct_target_rounds=2`, `hybrid_direct_attempts=2`)
- `HighReliability`: most direct retrying (`direct_target_rounds=3`, `hybrid_direct_attempts=3`)
Use `TxSubmitClient::with_reliability(...)` for presets, or `with_direct_config(...)` for full control.
## KernelBypass Direct Transport
With `kernel-bypass` enabled, implement `KernelBypassDatagramSocket` for your socket type and wrap it with
`KernelBypassDirectTransport`.
```rust
use std::{net::SocketAddr, sync::Arc};
use async_trait::async_trait;
use sof_tx::{KernelBypassDatagramSocket, KernelBypassDirectTransport, TxSubmitClient};
struct MyKernelBypassSocket;
#[async_trait]
impl KernelBypassDatagramSocket for MyKernelBypassSocket {
async fn send_to(&self, payload: &[u8], target: SocketAddr) -> std::io::Result<usize> {
let _ = (payload, target);
Ok(payload.len())
}
}
fn build_client(
blockhash_provider: Arc<dyn sof_tx::RecentBlockhashProvider>,
leader_provider: Arc<dyn sof_tx::LeaderProvider>,
) -> TxSubmitClient {
let socket = Arc::new(MyKernelBypassSocket);
TxSubmitClient::new(blockhash_provider, leader_provider)
.with_direct_transport(Arc::new(KernelBypassDirectTransport::new(socket)))
}
```
## AF_XDP Demo and E2E
Linux-only AF_XDP demo (runs in an isolated user+network namespace via `unshare -Urn`):
```bash
cargo run -p sof-tx --example kernel_bypass_af_xdp --features kernel-bypass
```
Ignored integration test for AF_XDP kernel-bypass direct submit:
```bash
cargo test -p sof-tx --features kernel-bypass --test kernel_bypass_af_xdp_e2e -- --ignored --nocapture
```
Requirements:
- `unshare` from util-linux
- `ip` from iproute2
- Linux kernel with AF_XDP support
## Feature Model
Current implementation supports RPC/direct/hybrid runtime modes through one API.
Compile-time capability flags from ADR-0006 can be introduced incrementally as the SDK stabilizes.
## Docs
- ADR for SDK scope: `../../docs/architecture/adr/0006-transaction-sdk-and-dual-submit-routing.md`
- Workspace docs index: `../../docs/README.md`
- Architecture docs: `../../docs/architecture/README.md`
- Contribution guide: `../../CONTRIBUTING.md`