socket2 0.3.17

Utilities for handling networking sockets with a maximal amount of configuration possible intended.
Documentation
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src/socket.rs
src/sys/unix.rs
src/sys/windows.rs




commit 9f0fbf2ed487668e4e2b5357a8e4a167e7ec903a
Author: Thomas de Zeeuw <thomasdezeeuw@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Jan 18 16:43:21 2020 +0100

    Part 1 of the rewrite

    Currently not functional on Windows and a lot of methods are removed,
    but its a start.

diff --git a/src/socket.rs b/src/socket.rs
index 354c5cf..424e094 100644
--- a/src/socket.rs
+++ b/src/socket.rs
@@ -8,201 +8,107 @@
 // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.

-use std::fmt;
-use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
-use std::net::{self, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, Shutdown};
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-use std::os::unix::net::{UnixDatagram, UnixListener, UnixStream};
-use std::time::Duration;
+use std::net::{Shutdown, TcpListener, TcpStream, UdpSocket};
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use std::os::unix::io::{FromRawFd, IntoRawFd};
+use std::{fmt, io};

-use crate::sys;
+use crate::sys::{self, c_int};
 use crate::{Domain, Protocol, SockAddr, Type};

-/// Newtype, owned, wrapper around a system socket.
+/// An owned system socket.
 ///
-/// This type simply wraps an instance of a file descriptor (`c_int`) on Unix
-/// and an instance of `SOCKET` on Windows. This is the main type exported by
-/// this crate and is intended to mirror the raw semantics of sockets on
-/// platforms as closely as possible. Almost all methods correspond to
-/// precisely one libc or OS API call which is essentially just a "Rustic
-/// translation" of what's below.
+/// This type simply wraps an instance of a file descriptor (`int`) on Unix and
+/// an instance of `SOCKET` on Windows. This is the main type exported by this
+/// crate and is intended to mirror the raw semantics of sockets on platforms as
+/// closely as possible. All methods correspond to precisely one libc or OS API
+/// call which is essentially just a "Rustic translation" of what's below.
+///
+/// # Notes
+///
+/// This type can be converted to and from all network types provided by the
+/// standard library using the [`From`] and [`Into`] traits. Is up to the user
+/// to ensure the socket is setup correctly for a given type!
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
-/// ```no_run
-/// use std::net::SocketAddr;
-/// use socket2::{Socket, Domain, Type, SockAddr};
+/// ```
+/// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+/// use std::net::{SocketAddr, TcpListener};
+/// use socket2::{Socket, Domain, Type};
 ///
-/// // create a TCP listener bound to two addresses
-/// let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
+/// // Create a new `Socket`.
+/// let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None)?;
 ///
-/// socket.bind(&"127.0.0.1:12345".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap().into()).unwrap();
-/// socket.bind(&"127.0.0.1:12346".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap().into()).unwrap();
-/// socket.listen(128).unwrap();
+/// // Bind the socket to an addresses.
+/// let addr1: SocketAddr = "127.0.0.1:15123".parse().unwrap();
+/// socket.bind(&addr1.into())?;
 ///
-/// let listener = socket.into_tcp_listener();
-/// // ...
+/// // Start listening on the socket.
+/// socket.listen(128)?;
+///
+/// // Finally convert it to `TcpListener` from the standard library. Now it can
+/// // be used like any other `TcpListener`.
+/// let listener: TcpListener = socket.into();
+/// # drop(listener);
+/// # Ok(())
+/// # }
 /// ```
 pub struct Socket {
-    // The `sys` module most have access to the socket.
-    pub(crate) inner: sys::Socket,
+    // The `sys` module must have access to the raw socket to implement OS
+    // specific additional methods, e.g. Unix Domain sockets (UDS).
+    pub(crate) inner: sys::RawSocket,
 }

 impl Socket {
     /// Creates a new socket ready to be configured.
     ///
-    /// This function corresponds to `socket(2)` and simply creates a new
-    /// socket, no other configuration is done and further functions must be
-    /// invoked to configure this socket.
+    /// This function corresponds to `socket(2)`.
     pub fn new(domain: Domain, type_: Type, protocol: Option<Protocol>) -> io::Result<Socket> {
-        let protocol = protocol.map(|p| p.0).unwrap_or(0);
-        Ok(Socket {
-            inner: sys::Socket::new(domain.0, type_.0, protocol)?,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a pair of sockets which are connected to each other.
-    ///
-    /// This function corresponds to `socketpair(2)`.
-    ///
-    /// This function is only available on Unix when the `pair` feature is
-    /// enabled.
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "pair"))]
-    pub fn pair(
-        domain: Domain,
-        type_: Type,
-        protocol: Option<Protocol>,
-    ) -> io::Result<(Socket, Socket)> {
-        let protocol = protocol.map(|p| p.0).unwrap_or(0);
-        let sockets = sys::Socket::pair(domain.0, type_.0, protocol)?;
-        Ok((Socket { inner: sockets.0 }, Socket { inner: sockets.1 }))
-    }
-
-    /// Consumes this `Socket`, converting it to a `TcpStream`.
-    pub fn into_tcp_stream(self) -> net::TcpStream {
-        self.into()
-    }
-
-    /// Consumes this `Socket`, converting it to a `TcpListener`.
-    pub fn into_tcp_listener(self) -> net::TcpListener {
-        self.into()
-    }
-
-    /// Consumes this `Socket`, converting it to a `UdpSocket`.
-    pub fn into_udp_socket(self) -> net::UdpSocket {
-        self.into()
-    }
-
-    /// Consumes this `Socket`, converting it into a `UnixStream`.
-    ///
-    /// This function is only available on Unix when the `unix` feature is
-    /// enabled.
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-    pub fn into_unix_stream(self) -> UnixStream {
-        self.into()
-    }
-
-    /// Consumes this `Socket`, converting it into a `UnixListener`.
-    ///
-    /// This function is only available on Unix when the `unix` feature is
-    /// enabled.
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-    pub fn into_unix_listener(self) -> UnixListener {
-        self.into()
-    }
-
-    /// Consumes this `Socket`, converting it into a `UnixDatagram`.
-    ///
-    /// This function is only available on Unix when the `unix` feature is
-    /// enabled.
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-    pub fn into_unix_datagram(self) -> UnixDatagram {
-        self.into()
+        sys::socket(domain.0, type_.0, protocol.map(|p| p.0).unwrap_or(0))
     }

     /// Initiate a connection on this socket to the specified address.
     ///
-    /// This function directly corresponds to the connect(2) function on Windows
-    /// and Unix.
-    ///
-    /// An error will be returned if `listen` or `connect` has already been
-    /// called on this builder.
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `connect(2)` function.
     pub fn connect(&self, addr: &SockAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.connect(addr)
-    }
-
-    /// Initiate a connection on this socket to the specified address, only
-    /// only waiting for a certain period of time for the connection to be
-    /// established.
-    ///
-    /// Unlike many other methods on `Socket`, this does *not* correspond to a
-    /// single C function. It sets the socket to nonblocking mode, connects via
-    /// connect(2), and then waits for the connection to complete with poll(2)
-    /// on Unix and select on Windows. When the connection is complete, the
-    /// socket is set back to blocking mode. On Unix, this will loop over
-    /// `EINTR` errors.
-    ///
-    /// # Warnings
-    ///
-    /// The nonblocking state of the socket is overridden by this function -
-    /// it will be returned in blocking mode on success, and in an indeterminate
-    /// state on failure.
-    ///
-    /// If the connection request times out, it may still be processing in the
-    /// background - a second call to `connect` or `connect_timeout` may fail.
-    pub fn connect_timeout(&self, addr: &SockAddr, timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.connect_timeout(addr, timeout)
+        sys::connect(self.inner, addr.as_ptr(), addr.len())
     }

     /// Binds this socket to the specified address.
     ///
-    /// This function directly corresponds to the bind(2) function on Windows
-    /// and Unix.
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `bind(2)` function.
     pub fn bind(&self, addr: &SockAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.bind(addr)
+        sys::bind(self.inner, addr.as_ptr(), addr.len())
     }

-    /// Mark a socket as ready to accept incoming connection requests using
-    /// accept()
+    /// Returns the socket address of the local half of this connection.
     ///
-    /// This function directly corresponds to the listen(2) function on Windows
-    /// and Unix.
-    ///
-    /// An error will be returned if `listen` or `connect` has already been
-    /// called on this builder.
-    pub fn listen(&self, backlog: i32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.listen(backlog)
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `getsockname(2)` function.
+    pub fn local_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SockAddr> {
+        sys::getsockname(self.inner)
     }

-    /// Accept a new incoming connection from this listener.
+    /// Returns the socket address of the remote peer of this connection.
     ///
-    /// This function will block the calling thread until a new connection is
-    /// established. When established, the corresponding `Socket` and the
-    /// remote peer's address will be returned.
-    pub fn accept(&self) -> io::Result<(Socket, SockAddr)> {
-        self.inner
-            .accept()
-            .map(|(socket, addr)| (Socket { inner: socket }, addr))
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the socket address of the local half of this TCP connection.
-    pub fn local_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SockAddr> {
-        self.inner.local_addr()
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `getpeername(2)` function.
+    pub fn peer_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SockAddr> {
+        sys::getpeername(self.inner)
     }

-    /// Returns the socket address of the remote peer of this TCP connection.
-    pub fn peer_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SockAddr> {
-        self.inner.peer_addr()
+    /// Mark a socket as ready to accept incoming connection requests using
+    /// `accept(2)`.
+    ///
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `listen(2)` function.
+    pub fn listen(&self, backlog: c_int) -> io::Result<()> {
+        sys::listen(self.inner, backlog)
     }

-    /// Creates a new independently owned handle to the underlying socket.
+    /// Accept a new incoming connection from this listener.
     ///
-    /// The returned `TcpStream` is a reference to the same stream that this
-    /// object references. Both handles will read and write the same stream of
-    /// data, and options set on one stream will be propagated to the other
-    /// stream.
-    pub fn try_clone(&self) -> io::Result<Socket> {
-        self.inner.try_clone().map(|s| Socket { inner: s })
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `accept(2)` function.
+    pub fn accept(&self) -> io::Result<(Socket, SockAddr)> {
+        sys::accept(self.inner)
     }

     /// Get the value of the `SO_ERROR` option on this socket.
@@ -211,15 +117,14 @@ impl Socket {
     /// the field in the process. This can be useful for checking errors between
     /// calls.
     pub fn take_error(&self) -> io::Result<Option<io::Error>> {
-        self.inner.take_error()
-    }
-
-    /// Moves this TCP stream into or out of nonblocking mode.
-    ///
-    /// On Unix this corresponds to calling fcntl, and on Windows this
-    /// corresponds to calling ioctlsocket.
-    pub fn set_nonblocking(&self, nonblocking: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_nonblocking(nonblocking)
+        self.getsockopt::<c_int>(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_ERROR)
+            .map(|errno| {
+                if errno == 0 {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(errno))
+                }
+            })
     }

     /// Shuts down the read, write, or both halves of this connection.
@@ -227,689 +132,110 @@ impl Socket {
     /// This function will cause all pending and future I/O on the specified
     /// portions to return immediately with an appropriate value.
     pub fn shutdown(&self, how: Shutdown) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.shutdown(how)
-    }
-
-    /// Receives data on the socket from the remote address to which it is
-    /// connected.
-    ///
-    /// The [`connect`] method will connect this socket to a remote address. This
-    /// method will fail if the socket is not connected.
-    ///
-    /// [`connect`]: #method.connect
-    pub fn recv(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.recv(buf)
-    }
-
-    /// Receives data on the socket from the remote adress to which it is
-    /// connected, without removing that data from the queue. On success,
-    /// returns the number of bytes peeked.
-    ///
-    /// Successive calls return the same data. This is accomplished by passing
-    /// `MSG_PEEK` as a flag to the underlying `recv` system call.
-    pub fn peek(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.peek(buf)
-    }
-
-    /// Receives data from the socket. On success, returns the number of bytes
-    /// read and the address from whence the data came.
-    pub fn recv_from(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<(usize, SockAddr)> {
-        self.inner.recv_from(buf)
-    }
-
-    /// Receives data from the socket, without removing it from the queue.
-    ///
-    /// Successive calls return the same data. This is accomplished by passing
-    /// `MSG_PEEK` as a flag to the underlying `recvfrom` system call.
-    ///
-    /// On success, returns the number of bytes peeked and the address from
-    /// whence the data came.
-    pub fn peek_from(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<(usize, SockAddr)> {
-        self.inner.peek_from(buf)
-    }
-
-    /// Sends data on the socket to a connected peer.
-    ///
-    /// This is typically used on TCP sockets or datagram sockets which have
-    /// been connected.
-    ///
-    /// On success returns the number of bytes that were sent.
-    pub fn send(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.send(buf)
-    }
-
-    /// Sends data on the socket to the given address. On success, returns the
-    /// number of bytes written.
-    ///
-    /// This is typically used on UDP or datagram-oriented sockets. On success
-    /// returns the number of bytes that were sent.
-    pub fn send_to(&self, buf: &[u8], addr: &SockAddr) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.send_to(buf, addr)
-    }
-
-    // ================================================
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `IP_TTL` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see [`set_ttl`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_ttl
-    pub fn ttl(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        self.inner.ttl()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value for the `IP_TTL` option on this socket.
-    ///
-    /// This value sets the time-to-live field that is used in every packet sent
-    /// from this socket.
-    pub fn set_ttl(&self, ttl: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_ttl(ttl)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// Specifies the hop limit for ipv6 unicast packets
-    pub fn unicast_hops_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        self.inner.unicast_hops_v6()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value for the `IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS` option on this socket.
-    ///
-    /// Specifies the hop limit for ipv6 unicast packets
-    pub fn set_unicast_hops_v6(&self, ttl: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_unicast_hops_v6(ttl)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `IPV6_V6ONLY` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see [`set_only_v6`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_only_v6
-    pub fn only_v6(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        self.inner.only_v6()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value for the `IPV6_V6ONLY` option on this socket.
-    ///
-    /// If this is set to `true` then the socket is restricted to sending and
-    /// receiving IPv6 packets only. In this case two IPv4 and IPv6 applications
-    /// can bind the same port at the same time.
-    ///
-    /// If this is set to `false` then the socket can be used to send and
-    /// receive packets from an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.
-    pub fn set_only_v6(&self, only_v6: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_only_v6(only_v6)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the read timeout of this socket.
-    ///
-    /// If the timeout is `None`, then `read` calls will block indefinitely.
-    pub fn read_timeout(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
-        self.inner.read_timeout()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the read timeout to the timeout specified.
-    ///
-    /// If the value specified is `None`, then `read` calls will block
-    /// indefinitely. It is an error to pass the zero `Duration` to this
-    /// method.
-    pub fn set_read_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_read_timeout(dur)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the write timeout of this socket.
-    ///
-    /// If the timeout is `None`, then `write` calls will block indefinitely.
-    pub fn write_timeout(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
-        self.inner.write_timeout()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the write timeout to the timeout specified.
-    ///
-    /// If the value specified is `None`, then `write` calls will block
-    /// indefinitely. It is an error to pass the zero `Duration` to this
-    /// method.
-    pub fn set_write_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_write_timeout(dur)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `TCP_NODELAY` option on this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see [`set_nodelay`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_nodelay
-    pub fn nodelay(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        self.inner.nodelay()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of the `TCP_NODELAY` option on this socket.
-    ///
-    /// If set, this option disables the Nagle algorithm. This means that
-    /// segments are always sent as soon as possible, even if there is only a
-    /// small amount of data. When not set, data is buffered until there is a
-    /// sufficient amount to send out, thereby avoiding the frequent sending of
-    /// small packets.
-    pub fn set_nodelay(&self, nodelay: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_nodelay(nodelay)
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of the `SO_BROADCAST` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// When enabled, this socket is allowed to send packets to a broadcast
-    /// address.
-    pub fn broadcast(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        self.inner.broadcast()
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `SO_BROADCAST` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`set_broadcast`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_broadcast
-    pub fn set_broadcast(&self, broadcast: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_broadcast(broadcast)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_LOOP` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`set_multicast_loop_v4`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_multicast_loop_v4
-    pub fn multicast_loop_v4(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        self.inner.multicast_loop_v4()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_LOOP` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// If enabled, multicast packets will be looped back to the local socket.
-    /// Note that this may not have any affect on IPv6 sockets.
-    pub fn set_multicast_loop_v4(&self, multicast_loop_v4: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_multicast_loop_v4(multicast_loop_v4)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_TTL` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`set_multicast_ttl_v4`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_multicast_ttl_v4
-    pub fn multicast_ttl_v4(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        self.inner.multicast_ttl_v4()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_TTL` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// Indicates the time-to-live value of outgoing multicast packets for
-    /// this socket. The default value is 1 which means that multicast packets
-    /// don't leave the local network unless explicitly requested.
-    ///
-    /// Note that this may not have any affect on IPv6 sockets.
-    pub fn set_multicast_ttl_v4(&self, multicast_ttl_v4: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_multicast_ttl_v4(multicast_ttl_v4)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS` option for this socket
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`set_multicast_hops_v6`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_multicast_hops_v6
-    pub fn multicast_hops_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        self.inner.multicast_hops_v6()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of the `IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS` option for this socket
-    ///
-    /// Indicates the number of "routers" multicast packets will transit for
-    /// this socket. The default value is 1 which means that multicast packets
-    /// don't leave the local network unless explicitly requested.
-    pub fn set_multicast_hops_v6(&self, hops: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_multicast_hops_v6(hops)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_IF` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`set_multicast_if_v4`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_multicast_if_v4
-    ///
-    /// Returns the interface to use for routing multicast packets.
-    pub fn multicast_if_v4(&self) -> io::Result<Ipv4Addr> {
-        self.inner.multicast_if_v4()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_IF` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// Specifies the interface to use for routing multicast packets.
-    pub fn set_multicast_if_v4(&self, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_multicast_if_v4(interface)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `IPV6_MULTICAST_IF` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`set_multicast_if_v6`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_multicast_if_v6
-    ///
-    /// Returns the interface to use for routing multicast packets.
-    pub fn multicast_if_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        self.inner.multicast_if_v6()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of the `IPV6_MULTICAST_IF` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// Specifies the interface to use for routing multicast packets. Unlike ipv4, this
-    /// is generally required in ipv6 contexts where network routing prefixes may
-    /// overlap.
-    pub fn set_multicast_if_v6(&self, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_multicast_if_v6(interface)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`set_multicast_loop_v6`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_multicast_loop_v6
-    pub fn multicast_loop_v6(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        self.inner.multicast_loop_v6()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of the `IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP` option for this socket.
-    ///
-    /// Controls whether this socket sees the multicast packets it sends itself.
-    /// Note that this may not have any affect on IPv4 sockets.
-    pub fn set_multicast_loop_v6(&self, multicast_loop_v6: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_multicast_loop_v6(multicast_loop_v6)
-    }
-
-    /// Executes an operation of the `IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP` type.
-    ///
-    /// This function specifies a new multicast group for this socket to join.
-    /// The address must be a valid multicast address, and `interface` is the
-    /// address of the local interface with which the system should join the
-    /// multicast group. If it's equal to `INADDR_ANY` then an appropriate
-    /// interface is chosen by the system.
-    pub fn join_multicast_v4(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.join_multicast_v4(multiaddr, interface)
-    }
-
-    /// Executes an operation of the `IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP` type.
-    ///
-    /// This function specifies a new multicast group for this socket to join.
-    /// The address must be a valid multicast address, and `interface` is the
-    /// index of the interface to join/leave (or 0 to indicate any interface).
-    pub fn join_multicast_v6(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.join_multicast_v6(multiaddr, interface)
-    }
-
-    /// Executes an operation of the `IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP` type.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`join_multicast_v4`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.join_multicast_v4
-    pub fn leave_multicast_v4(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.leave_multicast_v4(multiaddr, interface)
-    }
-
-    /// Executes an operation of the `IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP` type.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`join_multicast_v6`][link].
-    ///
-    /// [link]: #method.join_multicast_v6
-    pub fn leave_multicast_v6(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.leave_multicast_v6(multiaddr, interface)
-    }
-
-    /// Reads the linger duration for this socket by getting the SO_LINGER
-    /// option
-    pub fn linger(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
-        self.inner.linger()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the linger duration of this socket by setting the SO_LINGER option
-    pub fn set_linger(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_linger(dur)
-    }
-
-    /// Check the `SO_REUSEADDR` option on this socket.
-    pub fn reuse_address(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        self.inner.reuse_address()
+        sys::shutdown(self.inner, how)
     }
+}

-    /// Set value for the `SO_REUSEADDR` option on this socket.
+impl Socket {
+    /// Set a socket option.
     ///
-    /// This indicates that futher calls to `bind` may allow reuse of local
-    /// addresses. For IPv4 sockets this means that a socket may bind even when
-    /// there's a socket already listening on this port.
-    pub fn set_reuse_address(&self, reuse: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_reuse_address(reuse)
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `setsockopt(2)` function. As
+    /// different options use different option types the user must define the
+    /// correct type `T`!
+    pub fn setsockopt<T>(&self, level: c_int, optname: c_int, opt: &T) -> io::Result<()> {
+        sys::setsockopt(self.inner, level, optname, opt)
     }

-    /// Gets the value of the `SO_RCVBUF` option on this socket.
-    ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see
-    /// [`set_recv_buffer_size`][link].
+    /// Get a socket option.
     ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_recv_buffer_size
-    pub fn recv_buffer_size(&self) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.recv_buffer_size()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of the `SO_RCVBUF` option on this socket.
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `getsockopt(2)` function. As
+    /// different options have different return types the user must define the
+    /// return type `T` correctly!
     ///
-    /// Changes the size of the operating system's receive buffer associated
-    /// with the socket.
-    pub fn set_recv_buffer_size(&self, size: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_recv_buffer_size(size)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of the `SO_SNDBUF` option on this socket.
+    /// For an example usage see [`Socket::take_error`].
     ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see [`set_send_buffer`][link].
+    /// # Notes
     ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_send_buffer
-    pub fn send_buffer_size(&self) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.send_buffer_size()
+    /// Currently this will panic (in debug mode) if `T` isn't completely
+    /// written to, it doesn't support options which partly write to `T`.
+    pub fn getsockopt<T>(&self, level: c_int, optname: c_int) -> io::Result<T> {
+        sys::getsockopt(self.inner, level, optname)
     }

-    /// Sets the value of the `SO_SNDBUF` option on this socket.
+    /// Manipulate the file descriptor options of the socket.
     ///
-    /// Changes the size of the operating system's send buffer associated with
-    /// the socket.
-    pub fn set_send_buffer_size(&self, size: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_send_buffer_size(size)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether keepalive messages are enabled on this socket, and if so
-    /// the duration of time between them.
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `fcntl(2)` function. As
+    /// different command have different options the user must defined the
+    /// correct type `T`!
     ///
-    /// For more information about this option, see [`set_keepalive`][link].
+    /// # Examples
     ///
-    /// [link]: #method.set_keepalive
-    pub fn keepalive(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
-        self.inner.keepalive()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether keepalive messages are enabled to be sent on this socket.
+    /// The following example retrieves and sets the file descriptor flags.
     ///
-    /// On Unix, this option will set the `SO_KEEPALIVE` as well as the
-    /// `TCP_KEEPALIVE` or `TCP_KEEPIDLE` option (depending on your platform).
-    /// On Windows, this will set the `SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS` option.
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::io;
+    /// use socket2::{Domain, Socket, Type};
     ///
-    /// If `None` is specified then keepalive messages are disabled, otherwise
-    /// the duration specified will be the time to remain idle before sending a
-    /// TCP keepalive probe.
+    /// # fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
+    /// let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None)?;
     ///
-    /// Some platforms specify this value in seconds, so sub-second
-    /// specifications may be omitted.
-    pub fn set_keepalive(&self, keepalive: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_keepalive(keepalive)
-    }
-
-    /// Check the value of the `SO_REUSEPORT` option on this socket.
+    /// // Retrieve the flags, using nothing `()` as argument.
+    /// let flags = socket.fcntl(libc::F_GETFD, ())?;
+    /// assert!((flags & libc::FD_CLOEXEC) == 0);
     ///
-    /// This function is only available on Unix.
-    #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "solaris")))]
-    pub fn reuse_port(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        self.inner.reuse_port()
-    }
-
-    /// Set value for the `SO_REUSEPORT` option on this socket.
+    /// // Now we set the `FD_CLOEXEC` flag.
+    /// socket.fcntl(libc::F_SETFD, flags | libc::FD_CLOEXEC)?;
     ///
-    /// This indicates that further calls to `bind` may allow reuse of local
-    /// addresses. For IPv4 sockets this means that a socket may bind even when
-    /// there's a socket already listening on this port.
+    /// // Now the flag should be set.
+    /// let flags = socket.fcntl(libc::F_GETFD, ())?;
+    /// assert!((flags & libc::FD_CLOEXEC) != 0);
     ///
-    /// This function is only available on Unix.
-    #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "solaris")))]
-    pub fn set_reuse_port(&self, reuse: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.set_reuse_port(reuse)
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn fcntl<T>(&self, cmd: c_int, arg: T) -> io::Result<c_int> {
+        sys::fcntl(self.inner, cmd, arg)
     }
 }

-impl Read for Socket {
-    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.read(buf)
+impl From<TcpStream> for Socket {
+    fn from(socket: TcpStream) -> Socket {
+        unsafe { Socket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-impl<'a> Read for &'a Socket {
-    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        (&self.inner).read(buf)
+impl Into<TcpStream> for Socket {
+    fn into(self) -> TcpStream {
+        unsafe { TcpStream::from_raw_fd(self.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-impl Write for Socket {
-    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.inner.write(buf)
-    }
-
-    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.inner.flush()
+impl From<TcpListener> for Socket {
+    fn from(socket: TcpListener) -> Socket {
+        unsafe { Socket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-impl<'a> Write for &'a Socket {
-    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        (&self.inner).write(buf)
-    }
-
-    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
-        (&self.inner).flush()
+impl Into<TcpListener> for Socket {
+    fn into(self) -> TcpListener {
+        unsafe { TcpListener::from_raw_fd(self.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-impl fmt::Debug for Socket {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        self.inner.fmt(f)
+impl From<UdpSocket> for Socket {
+    fn from(socket: UdpSocket) -> Socket {
+        unsafe { Socket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-impl From<net::TcpStream> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: net::TcpStream) -> Socket {
-        Socket {
-            inner: socket.into(),
-        }
+impl Into<UdpSocket> for Socket {
+    fn into(self) -> UdpSocket {
+        unsafe { UdpSocket::from_raw_fd(self.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-impl From<net::TcpListener> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: net::TcpListener) -> Socket {
-        Socket {
-            inner: socket.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<net::UdpSocket> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: net::UdpSocket) -> Socket {
-        Socket {
-            inner: socket.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<UnixStream> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: UnixStream) -> Socket {
-        Socket {
-            inner: socket.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<UnixListener> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: UnixListener) -> Socket {
-        Socket {
-            inner: socket.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<UnixDatagram> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: UnixDatagram) -> Socket {
-        Socket {
-            inner: socket.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Socket> for net::TcpStream {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> net::TcpStream {
-        socket.inner.into()
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Socket> for net::TcpListener {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> net::TcpListener {
-        socket.inner.into()
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Socket> for net::UdpSocket {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> net::UdpSocket {
-        socket.inner.into()
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<Socket> for UnixStream {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> UnixStream {
-        socket.inner.into()
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<Socket> for UnixListener {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> UnixListener {
-        socket.inner.into()
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<Socket> for UnixDatagram {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> UnixDatagram {
-        socket.inner.into()
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use std::net::SocketAddr;
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn connect_timeout_unrouteable() {
-        // this IP is unroutable, so connections should always time out
-        let addr = "10.255.255.1:80".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap().into();
-
-        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-        match socket.connect_timeout(&addr, Duration::from_millis(250)) {
-            Ok(_) => panic!("unexpected success"),
-            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::TimedOut => {}
-            Err(e) => panic!("unexpected error {}", e),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn connect_timeout_unbound() {
-        // bind and drop a socket to track down a "probably unassigned" port
-        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-        let addr = "127.0.0.1:0".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap().into();
-        socket.bind(&addr).unwrap();
-        let addr = socket.local_addr().unwrap();
-        drop(socket);
-
-        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-        match socket.connect_timeout(&addr, Duration::from_millis(250)) {
-            Ok(_) => panic!("unexpected success"),
-            Err(ref e)
-                if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::ConnectionRefused
-                    || e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::TimedOut => {}
-            Err(e) => panic!("unexpected error {}", e),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn connect_timeout_valid() {
-        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-        socket
-            .bind(&"127.0.0.1:0".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap().into())
-            .unwrap();
-        socket.listen(128).unwrap();
-
-        let addr = socket.local_addr().unwrap();
-
-        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-        socket
-            .connect_timeout(&addr, Duration::from_millis(250))
-            .unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "pair", feature = "unix"))]
-    fn pair() {
-        let (mut a, mut b) = Socket::pair(Domain::unix(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-        a.write_all(b"hello world").unwrap();
-        let mut buf = [0; 11];
-        b.read_exact(&mut buf).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(buf, &b"hello world"[..]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-    fn unix() {
-        use tempdir::TempDir;
-
-        let dir = TempDir::new("unix").unwrap();
-        let addr = SockAddr::unix(dir.path().join("sock")).unwrap();
-
-        let listener = Socket::new(Domain::unix(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-        listener.bind(&addr).unwrap();
-        listener.listen(10).unwrap();
-
-        let mut a = Socket::new(Domain::unix(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-        a.connect(&addr).unwrap();
-
-        let mut b = listener.accept().unwrap().0;
-
-        a.write_all(b"hello world").unwrap();
-        let mut buf = [0; 11];
-        b.read_exact(&mut buf).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(buf, &b"hello world"[..]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn keepalive() {
-        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-        socket.set_keepalive(Some(Duration::from_secs(7))).unwrap();
-        // socket.keepalive() doesn't work on Windows #24
-        #[cfg(unix)]
-        assert_eq!(socket.keepalive().unwrap(), Some(Duration::from_secs(7)));
-        socket.set_keepalive(None).unwrap();
-        #[cfg(unix)]
-        assert_eq!(socket.keepalive().unwrap(), None);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn nodelay() {
-        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
-
-        assert!(socket.set_nodelay(true).is_ok());
-
-        let result = socket.nodelay();
-
-        assert!(result.is_ok());
-        assert!(result.unwrap());
+impl fmt::Debug for Socket {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.inner.fmt(f)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/sys/unix.rs b/src/sys/unix.rs
index 3612f77..3cc08f6 100644
--- a/src/sys/unix.rs
+++ b/src/sys/unix.rs
@@ -8,23 +8,13 @@
 // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.

-use std::cmp;
-use std::fmt;
 use std::io;
-use std::io::{ErrorKind, Read, Write};
-use std::mem;
+use std::mem::{self, size_of, MaybeUninit};
 use std::net::Shutdown;
-use std::net::{self, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
-use std::ops::Neg;
-#[cfg(feature = "unix")]
+use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd, IntoRawFd, RawFd};
 use std::os::unix::net::{UnixDatagram, UnixListener, UnixStream};
-use std::os::unix::prelude::*;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

-use libc::{self, c_void, socklen_t, ssize_t};
-
-use crate::{Domain, Type};
+use crate::{Domain, Protocol, SockAddr, Socket, Type};

 // Used in conversions for `Domain`, `Type` and `Protocol`.
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
@@ -36,43 +26,8 @@ pub(crate) use libc::{AF_INET, AF_INET6};
 pub(crate) use libc::{SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, SOCK_SEQPACKET, SOCK_STREAM};
 // Used in `Protocol`.
 pub(crate) use libc::{IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP};
-
-cfg_if::cfg_if! {
-    if #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd",
-                 target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos",
-                 target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd",
-                 target_os = "solaris", target_os = "haiku"))] {
-        use libc::IPV6_JOIN_GROUP as IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP;
-        use libc::IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP as IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP;
-    } else {
-        use libc::IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP;
-        use libc::IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP;
-    }
-}
-
-cfg_if::cfg_if! {
-    if #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android",
-                 target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "freebsd",
-                 target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd",
-                 target_os = "haiku", target_os = "bitrig"))] {
-        use libc::MSG_NOSIGNAL;
-    } else {
-        const MSG_NOSIGNAL: c_int = 0x0;
-    }
-}
-
-cfg_if::cfg_if! {
-    if #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))] {
-        use libc::TCP_KEEPALIVE as KEEPALIVE_OPTION;
-    } else if #[cfg(any(target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd", target_os = "haiku"))] {
-        use libc::SO_KEEPALIVE as KEEPALIVE_OPTION;
-    } else {
-        use libc::TCP_KEEPIDLE as KEEPALIVE_OPTION;
-    }
-}
-
-use crate::utils::One;
-use crate::SockAddr;
+// Used in `Socket`.
+pub(crate) use std::os::unix::io::RawFd as RawSocket;

 /// Unix only API.
 impl Domain {
@@ -131,1036 +86,241 @@ impl Type {
     }
 }

-pub struct Socket {
-    fd: c_int,
+/// Helper macro to execute a system call that returns an `io::Result`.
+macro_rules! syscall {
+    ($fn: ident ( $($arg: expr),* $(,)* ) ) => {{
+        let res = unsafe { libc::$fn($($arg, )*) };
+        if res == -1 {
+            Err(std::io::Error::last_os_error())
+        } else {
+            Ok(res)
+        }
+    }};
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn socket(domain: c_int, type_: c_int, protocol: c_int) -> io::Result<Socket> {
+    syscall!(socket(domain, type_, protocol)).map(|fd| Socket { inner: fd })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn connect(
+    sockfd: RawSocket,
+    addr: *const libc::sockaddr_storage,
+    addrlen: libc::socklen_t,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Most OSes don't actually use `sockaddr_storage` in the `connect(2)` call,
+    // but `sockaddr_storage` can be converted safely into the correct type.
+    syscall!(connect(sockfd, addr as *const _, addrlen)).map(|_| ())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn bind(
+    sockfd: RawSocket,
+    addr: *const libc::sockaddr_storage,
+    addrlen: libc::socklen_t,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Most OSes don't actually use `sockaddr_storage` in the `bind(2)` call,
+    // but `sockaddr_storage` can be converted safely into the correct type.
+    syscall!(bind(sockfd, addr as *const _, addrlen)).map(|_| ())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn listen(sockfd: RawSocket, backlog: c_int) -> io::Result<()> {
+    syscall!(listen(sockfd, backlog)).map(|_| ())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn accept(sockfd: RawSocket) -> io::Result<(Socket, SockAddr)> {
+    let mut addr: MaybeUninit<libc::sockaddr_storage> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+    let mut addrlen = size_of::<libc::sockaddr_storage>() as libc::socklen_t;
+    syscall!(accept(sockfd, addr.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _, &mut addrlen)).map(|stream_fd| {
+        // This is safe because `accept(2)` filled in the address for us.
+        let addr = unsafe { SockAddr::from_raw_parts(addr.assume_init(), addrlen) };
+        (Socket { inner: stream_fd }, addr)
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn getsockname(sockfd: RawSocket) -> io::Result<SockAddr> {
+    let mut addr: MaybeUninit<libc::sockaddr_storage> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+    let mut addrlen = size_of::<libc::sockaddr_storage>() as libc::socklen_t;
+    syscall!(getsockname(
+        sockfd,
+        addr.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _,
+        &mut addrlen
+    ))
+    .map(|_| {
+        // This is safe because `getsockname(2)` filled in the address for us.
+        unsafe { SockAddr::from_raw_parts(addr.assume_init(), addrlen) }
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn getpeername(sockfd: RawSocket) -> io::Result<SockAddr> {
+    let mut addr: MaybeUninit<libc::sockaddr_storage> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+    let mut addrlen = size_of::<libc::sockaddr_storage>() as libc::socklen_t;
+    syscall!(getpeername(
+        sockfd,
+        addr.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _,
+        &mut addrlen
+    ))
+    .map(|_| {
+        // This is safe because `getpeername(2)` filled in the address for us.
+        unsafe { SockAddr::from_raw_parts(addr.assume_init(), addrlen) }
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn shutdown(sockfd: RawSocket, how: Shutdown) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let how = match how {
+        Shutdown::Write => libc::SHUT_WR,
+        Shutdown::Read => libc::SHUT_RD,
+        Shutdown::Both => libc::SHUT_RDWR,
+    };
+    syscall!(shutdown(sockfd, how)).map(|_| ())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn setsockopt<T>(
+    sockfd: RawSocket,
+    level: c_int,
+    optname: c_int,
+    opt: &T,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    syscall!(setsockopt(
+        sockfd,
+        level,
+        optname,
+        opt as *const _ as *const _,
+        size_of::<T>() as libc::socklen_t,
+    ))
+    .map(|_| ())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn getsockopt<T>(sockfd: RawSocket, level: c_int, optname: c_int) -> io::Result<T> {
+    let mut optval: MaybeUninit<T> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+    let mut optlen = size_of::<T>() as libc::socklen_t;
+    syscall!(getsockopt(
+        sockfd,
+        level,
+        optname,
+        optval.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _,
+        &mut optlen
+    ))
+    .map(|_| unsafe {
+        // Safe because `getsockopt(2)` initialised the value for us.
+        debug_assert_eq!(optlen as usize, size_of::<T>());
+        optval.assume_init()
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn fcntl<T>(sockfd: RawSocket, cmd: c_int, arg: T) -> io::Result<c_int> {
+    syscall!(fcntl(sockfd, cmd, arg))
 }

+/// Unix only API.
 impl Socket {
-    pub fn new(family: c_int, ty: c_int, protocol: c_int) -> io::Result<Socket> {
-        unsafe {
-            // On linux we first attempt to pass the SOCK_CLOEXEC flag to
-            // atomically create the socket and set it as CLOEXEC. Support for
-            // this option, however, was added in 2.6.27, and we still support
-            // 2.6.18 as a kernel, so if the returned error is EINVAL we
-            // fallthrough to the fallback.
-            #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-            {
-                match cvt(libc::socket(family, ty | libc::SOCK_CLOEXEC, protocol)) {
-                    Ok(fd) => return Ok(Socket::from_raw_fd(fd)),
-                    Err(ref e) if e.raw_os_error() == Some(libc::EINVAL) => {}
-                    Err(e) => return Err(e),
-                }
-            }
-
-            let fd = cvt(libc::socket(family, ty, protocol))?;
-            let fd = Socket::from_raw_fd(fd);
-            set_cloexec(fd.as_raw_fd())?;
-            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-            {
-                fd.setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_NOSIGPIPE, 1i32)?;
-            }
-            Ok(fd)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn pair(family: c_int, ty: c_int, protocol: c_int) -> io::Result<(Socket, Socket)> {
-        unsafe {
-            let mut fds = [0, 0];
-            cvt(libc::socketpair(family, ty, protocol, fds.as_mut_ptr()))?;
-            let fds = (Socket::from_raw_fd(fds[0]), Socket::from_raw_fd(fds[1]));
-            set_cloexec(fds.0.as_raw_fd())?;
-            set_cloexec(fds.1.as_raw_fd())?;
-            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-            {
-                fds.0
-                    .setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_NOSIGPIPE, 1i32)?;
-                fds.1
-                    .setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_NOSIGPIPE, 1i32)?;
-            }
-            Ok(fds)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn bind(&self, addr: &SockAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { cvt(libc::bind(self.fd, addr.as_ptr(), addr.len() as _)).map(|_| ()) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn listen(&self, backlog: i32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { cvt(libc::listen(self.fd, backlog)).map(|_| ()) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn connect(&self, addr: &SockAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { cvt(libc::connect(self.fd, addr.as_ptr(), addr.len())).map(|_| ()) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn connect_timeout(&self, addr: &SockAddr, timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.set_nonblocking(true)?;
-        let r = self.connect(addr);
-        self.set_nonblocking(false)?;
-
-        match r {
-            Ok(()) => return Ok(()),
-            // there's no io::ErrorKind conversion registered for EINPROGRESS :(
-            Err(ref e) if e.raw_os_error() == Some(libc::EINPROGRESS) => {}
-            Err(e) => return Err(e),
-        }
-
-        let mut pollfd = libc::pollfd {
-            fd: self.fd,
-            events: libc::POLLOUT,
-            revents: 0,
-        };
-
-        if timeout.as_secs() == 0 && timeout.subsec_nanos() == 0 {
-            return Err(io::Error::new(
-                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
-                "cannot set a 0 duration timeout",
-            ));
-        }
-
-        let start = Instant::now();
-
-        loop {
-            let elapsed = start.elapsed();
-            if elapsed >= timeout {
-                return Err(io::Error::new(
-                    io::ErrorKind::TimedOut,
-                    "connection timed out",
-                ));
-            }
-
-            let timeout = timeout - elapsed;
-            let mut timeout = timeout
-                .as_secs()
-                .saturating_mul(1_000)
-                .saturating_add(timeout.subsec_nanos() as u64 / 1_000_000);
-            if timeout == 0 {
-                timeout = 1;
-            }
-
-            let timeout = cmp::min(timeout, c_int::max_value() as u64) as c_int;
-
-            match unsafe { libc::poll(&mut pollfd, 1, timeout) } {
-                -1 => {
-                    let err = io::Error::last_os_error();
-                    if err.kind() != io::ErrorKind::Interrupted {
-                        return Err(err);
-                    }
-                }
-                0 => {
-                    return Err(io::Error::new(
-                        io::ErrorKind::TimedOut,
-                        "connection timed out",
-                    ))
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    // linux returns POLLOUT|POLLERR|POLLHUP for refused connections (!), so look
-                    // for POLLHUP rather than read readiness
-                    if pollfd.revents & libc::POLLHUP != 0 {
-                        let e = self.take_error()?.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                            io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "no error set after POLLHUP")
-                        });
-                        return Err(e);
-                    }
-                    return Ok(());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn local_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SockAddr> {
-        unsafe {
-            let mut storage: libc::sockaddr_storage = mem::zeroed();
-            let mut len = mem::size_of_val(&storage) as libc::socklen_t;
-            cvt(libc::getsockname(
-                self.fd,
-                &mut storage as *mut _ as *mut _,
-                &mut len,
-            ))?;
-            Ok(SockAddr::from_raw_parts(
-                &storage as *const _ as *const _,
-                len,
-            ))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn peer_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SockAddr> {
-        unsafe {
-            let mut storage: libc::sockaddr_storage = mem::zeroed();
-            let mut len = mem::size_of_val(&storage) as libc::socklen_t;
-            cvt(libc::getpeername(
-                self.fd,
-                &mut storage as *mut _ as *mut _,
-                &mut len,
-            ))?;
-            Ok(SockAddr::from_raw_parts(
-                &storage as *const _ as *const _,
-                len,
-            ))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn try_clone(&self) -> io::Result<Socket> {
-        // implementation lifted from libstd
-        #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "haiku"))]
-        use libc::F_DUPFD as F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC;
-        #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "haiku")))]
-        use libc::F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC;
-
-        static CLOEXEC_FAILED: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
-        unsafe {
-            if !CLOEXEC_FAILED.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                match cvt(libc::fcntl(self.fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0)) {
-                    Ok(fd) => {
-                        let fd = Socket::from_raw_fd(fd);
-                        if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
-                            set_cloexec(fd.as_raw_fd())?;
-                        }
-                        return Ok(fd);
-                    }
-                    Err(ref e) if e.raw_os_error() == Some(libc::EINVAL) => {
-                        CLOEXEC_FAILED.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => return Err(e),
-                }
-            }
-            let fd = cvt(libc::fcntl(self.fd, libc::F_DUPFD, 0))?;
-            let fd = Socket::from_raw_fd(fd);
-            set_cloexec(fd.as_raw_fd())?;
-            Ok(fd)
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[allow(unused_mut)]
-    pub fn accept(&self) -> io::Result<(Socket, SockAddr)> {
-        let mut storage: libc::sockaddr_storage = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
-        let mut len = mem::size_of_val(&storage) as socklen_t;
-
-        let mut socket = None;
-        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-        {
-            let res = cvt_r(|| unsafe {
-                libc::syscall(
-                    libc::SYS_accept4,
-                    self.fd as libc::c_long,
-                    &mut storage as *mut _ as libc::c_long,
-                    &mut len,
-                    libc::SOCK_CLOEXEC as libc::c_long,
-                ) as libc::c_int
-            });
-            match res {
-                Ok(fd) => socket = Some(Socket { fd: fd }),
-                Err(ref e) if e.raw_os_error() == Some(libc::ENOSYS) => {}
-                Err(e) => return Err(e),
-            }
-        }
-
-        let socket = match socket {
-            Some(socket) => socket,
-            None => unsafe {
-                let fd =
-                    cvt_r(|| libc::accept(self.fd, &mut storage as *mut _ as *mut _, &mut len))?;
-                let fd = Socket::from_raw_fd(fd);
-                set_cloexec(fd.as_raw_fd())?;
-                fd
-            },
-        };
-        let addr = unsafe { SockAddr::from_raw_parts(&storage as *const _ as *const _, len) };
-        Ok((socket, addr))
-    }
-
-    pub fn take_error(&self) -> io::Result<Option<io::Error>> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_ERROR)?;
-            if raw == 0 {
-                Ok(None)
-            } else {
-                Ok(Some(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(raw as i32)))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_nonblocking(&self, nonblocking: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            let previous = cvt(libc::fcntl(self.fd, libc::F_GETFL))?;
-            let new = if nonblocking {
-                previous | libc::O_NONBLOCK
-            } else {
-                previous & !libc::O_NONBLOCK
-            };
-            if new != previous {
-                cvt(libc::fcntl(self.fd, libc::F_SETFL, new))?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn shutdown(&self, how: Shutdown) -> io::Result<()> {
-        let how = match how {
-            Shutdown::Write => libc::SHUT_WR,
-            Shutdown::Read => libc::SHUT_RD,
-            Shutdown::Both => libc::SHUT_RDWR,
-        };
-        cvt(unsafe { libc::shutdown(self.fd, how) })?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn recv(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            let n = cvt({
-                libc::recv(
-                    self.fd,
-                    buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                    cmp::min(buf.len(), max_len()),
-                    0,
-                )
-            })?;
-            Ok(n as usize)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn peek(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            let n = cvt({
-                libc::recv(
-                    self.fd,
-                    buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                    cmp::min(buf.len(), max_len()),
-                    libc::MSG_PEEK,
-                )
-            })?;
-            Ok(n as usize)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn recv_from(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<(usize, SockAddr)> {
-        self.recvfrom(buf, 0)
-    }
-
-    pub fn peek_from(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<(usize, SockAddr)> {
-        self.recvfrom(buf, libc::MSG_PEEK)
-    }
-
-    fn recvfrom(&self, buf: &mut [u8], flags: c_int) -> io::Result<(usize, SockAddr)> {
-        unsafe {
-            let mut storage: libc::sockaddr_storage = mem::zeroed();
-            let mut addrlen = mem::size_of_val(&storage) as socklen_t;
-
-            let n = cvt({
-                libc::recvfrom(
-                    self.fd,
-                    buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                    cmp::min(buf.len(), max_len()),
-                    flags,
-                    &mut storage as *mut _ as *mut _,
-                    &mut addrlen,
-                )
-            })?;
-            let addr = SockAddr::from_raw_parts(&storage as *const _ as *const _, addrlen);
-            Ok((n as usize, addr))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn send(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            let n = cvt({
-                libc::send(
-                    self.fd,
-                    buf.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
-                    cmp::min(buf.len(), max_len()),
-                    MSG_NOSIGNAL,
-                )
-            })?;
-            Ok(n as usize)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn send_to(&self, buf: &[u8], addr: &SockAddr) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            let n = cvt({
-                libc::sendto(
-                    self.fd,
-                    buf.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
-                    cmp::min(buf.len(), max_len()),
-                    MSG_NOSIGNAL,
-                    addr.as_ptr(),
-                    addr.len(),
-                )
-            })?;
-            Ok(n as usize)
-        }
-    }
-
-    // ================================================
-
-    pub fn ttl(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IP, libc::IP_TTL)?;
-            Ok(raw as u32)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_ttl(&self, ttl: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IP, libc::IP_TTL, ttl as c_int) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn unicast_hops_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IPV6, libc::IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)?;
-            Ok(raw as u32)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_unicast_hops_v6(&self, hops: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            self.setsockopt(
-                libc::IPPROTO_IPV6 as c_int,
-                libc::IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
-                hops as c_int,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn only_v6(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IPV6, libc::IPV6_V6ONLY)?;
-            Ok(raw != 0)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_only_v6(&self, only_v6: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IPV6, libc::IPV6_V6ONLY, only_v6 as c_int) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn read_timeout(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
-        unsafe {
-            Ok(timeval2dur(
-                self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_RCVTIMEO)?,
-            ))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_read_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_RCVTIMEO, dur2timeval(dur)?) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn write_timeout(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
-        unsafe {
-            Ok(timeval2dur(
-                self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_SNDTIMEO)?,
-            ))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_write_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_SNDTIMEO, dur2timeval(dur)?) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn nodelay(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_TCP, libc::TCP_NODELAY)?;
-            Ok(raw != 0)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_nodelay(&self, nodelay: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_TCP, libc::TCP_NODELAY, nodelay as c_int) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn broadcast(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_BROADCAST)?;
-            Ok(raw != 0)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_broadcast(&self, broadcast: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_BROADCAST, broadcast as c_int) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn multicast_loop_v4(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IP, libc::IP_MULTICAST_LOOP)?;
-            Ok(raw != 0)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_multicast_loop_v4(&self, multicast_loop_v4: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            self.setsockopt(
-                libc::IPPROTO_IP,
-                libc::IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
-                multicast_loop_v4 as c_int,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn multicast_ttl_v4(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IP, libc::IP_MULTICAST_TTL)?;
-            Ok(raw as u32)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_multicast_ttl_v4(&self, multicast_ttl_v4: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            self.setsockopt(
-                libc::IPPROTO_IP,
-                libc::IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
-                multicast_ttl_v4 as c_int,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn multicast_hops_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IPV6, libc::IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS)?;
-            Ok(raw as u32)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_multicast_hops_v6(&self, hops: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IPV6, libc::IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, hops as c_int) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn multicast_if_v4(&self) -> io::Result<Ipv4Addr> {
-        unsafe {
-            let imr_interface: libc::in_addr =
-                self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IP, libc::IP_MULTICAST_IF)?;
-            Ok(from_s_addr(imr_interface.s_addr))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_multicast_if_v4(&self, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        let interface = to_s_addr(interface);
-        let imr_interface = libc::in_addr { s_addr: interface };
-
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IP, libc::IP_MULTICAST_IF, imr_interface) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn multicast_if_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IPV6, libc::IPV6_MULTICAST_IF)?;
-            Ok(raw as u32)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_multicast_if_v6(&self, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            self.setsockopt(
-                libc::IPPROTO_IPV6,
-                libc::IPV6_MULTICAST_IF,
-                interface as c_int,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn multicast_loop_v6(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IPV6, libc::IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP)?;
-            Ok(raw != 0)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_multicast_loop_v6(&self, multicast_loop_v6: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            self.setsockopt(
-                libc::IPPROTO_IPV6,
-                libc::IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP,
-                multicast_loop_v6 as c_int,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn join_multicast_v4(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        let multiaddr = to_s_addr(multiaddr);
-        let interface = to_s_addr(interface);
-        let mreq = libc::ip_mreq {
-            imr_multiaddr: libc::in_addr { s_addr: multiaddr },
-            imr_interface: libc::in_addr { s_addr: interface },
-        };
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IP, libc::IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn join_multicast_v6(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        let multiaddr = to_in6_addr(multiaddr);
-        let mreq = libc::ipv6_mreq {
-            ipv6mr_multiaddr: multiaddr,
-            ipv6mr_interface: to_ipv6mr_interface(interface),
-        };
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn leave_multicast_v4(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        let multiaddr = to_s_addr(multiaddr);
-        let interface = to_s_addr(interface);
-        let mreq = libc::ip_mreq {
-            imr_multiaddr: libc::in_addr { s_addr: multiaddr },
-            imr_interface: libc::in_addr { s_addr: interface },
-        };
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IP, libc::IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, mreq) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn leave_multicast_v6(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
-        let multiaddr = to_in6_addr(multiaddr);
-        let mreq = libc::ipv6_mreq {
-            ipv6mr_multiaddr: multiaddr,
-            ipv6mr_interface: to_ipv6mr_interface(interface),
-        };
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, mreq) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn linger(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
-        unsafe {
-            Ok(linger2dur(
-                self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_LINGER)?,
-            ))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_linger(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_LINGER, dur2linger(dur)) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_reuse_address(&self, reuse: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_REUSEADDR, reuse as c_int) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn reuse_address(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_REUSEADDR)?;
-            Ok(raw != 0)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn recv_buffer_size(&self) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_RCVBUF)?;
-            Ok(raw as usize)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_recv_buffer_size(&self, size: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            // TODO: casting usize to a c_int should be a checked cast
-            self.setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_RCVBUF, size as c_int)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn send_buffer_size(&self) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_SNDBUF)?;
-            Ok(raw as usize)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_send_buffer_size(&self, size: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            // TODO: casting usize to a c_int should be a checked cast
-            self.setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_SNDBUF, size as c_int)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn keepalive(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_KEEPALIVE)?;
-            if raw == 0 {
-                return Ok(None);
-            }
-            let secs: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_TCP, KEEPALIVE_OPTION)?;
-            Ok(Some(Duration::new(secs as u64, 0)))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_keepalive(&self, keepalive: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            self.setsockopt(
-                libc::SOL_SOCKET,
-                libc::SO_KEEPALIVE,
-                keepalive.is_some() as c_int,
-            )?;
-            if let Some(dur) = keepalive {
-                // TODO: checked cast here
-                self.setsockopt(libc::IPPROTO_TCP, KEEPALIVE_OPTION, dur.as_secs() as c_int)?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "solaris")))]
-    pub fn reuse_port(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
-        unsafe {
-            let raw: c_int = self.getsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_REUSEPORT)?;
-            Ok(raw != 0)
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "solaris")))]
-    pub fn set_reuse_port(&self, reuse: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { self.setsockopt(libc::SOL_SOCKET, libc::SO_REUSEPORT, reuse as c_int) }
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn setsockopt<T>(&self, opt: c_int, val: c_int, payload: T) -> io::Result<()>
-    where
-        T: Copy,
-    {
-        let payload = &payload as *const T as *const c_void;
-        cvt(libc::setsockopt(
-            self.fd,
-            opt,
-            val,
-            payload,
-            mem::size_of::<T>() as libc::socklen_t,
-        ))?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn getsockopt<T: Copy>(&self, opt: c_int, val: c_int) -> io::Result<T> {
-        let mut slot: T = mem::zeroed();
-        let mut len = mem::size_of::<T>() as libc::socklen_t;
-        cvt(libc::getsockopt(
-            self.fd,
-            opt,
-            val,
-            &mut slot as *mut _ as *mut _,
-            &mut len,
-        ))?;
-        assert_eq!(len as usize, mem::size_of::<T>());
-        Ok(slot)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Read for Socket {
-    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        <&Socket>::read(&mut &*self, buf)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> Read for &'a Socket {
-    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            let n = cvt({
-                libc::read(
-                    self.fd,
-                    buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_void,
-                    cmp::min(buf.len(), max_len()),
-                )
-            })?;
-            Ok(n as usize)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Write for Socket {
-    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        <&Socket>::write(&mut &*self, buf)
-    }
-
-    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
-        <&Socket>::flush(&mut &*self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> Write for &'a Socket {
-    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        self.send(buf)
-    }
-
-    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for Socket {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        let mut f = f.debug_struct("Socket");
-        f.field("fd", &self.fd);
-        if let Ok(addr) = self.local_addr() {
-            f.field("local_addr", &addr);
-        }
-        if let Ok(addr) = self.peer_addr() {
-            f.field("peer_addr", &addr);
-        }
-        f.finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl AsRawFd for Socket {
-    fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> c_int {
-        self.fd
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoRawFd for Socket {
-    fn into_raw_fd(self) -> c_int {
-        let fd = self.fd;
-        mem::forget(self);
-        return fd;
-    }
-}
-
-impl FromRawFd for Socket {
-    unsafe fn from_raw_fd(fd: c_int) -> Socket {
-        Socket { fd: fd }
-    }
-}
-
-impl AsRawFd for crate::Socket {
-    fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> c_int {
-        self.inner.as_raw_fd()
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoRawFd for crate::Socket {
-    fn into_raw_fd(self) -> c_int {
-        self.inner.into_raw_fd()
-    }
-}
-
-impl FromRawFd for crate::Socket {
-    unsafe fn from_raw_fd(fd: c_int) -> crate::Socket {
-        crate::Socket {
-            inner: Socket::from_raw_fd(fd),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for Socket {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            let _ = libc::close(self.fd);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Socket> for net::TcpStream {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> net::TcpStream {
-        unsafe { net::TcpStream::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Socket> for net::TcpListener {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> net::TcpListener {
-        unsafe { net::TcpListener::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Socket> for net::UdpSocket {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> net::UdpSocket {
-        unsafe { net::UdpSocket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<Socket> for UnixStream {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> UnixStream {
-        unsafe { UnixStream::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<Socket> for UnixListener {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> UnixListener {
-        unsafe { UnixListener::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<Socket> for UnixDatagram {
-    fn from(socket: Socket) -> UnixDatagram {
-        unsafe { UnixDatagram::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<net::TcpStream> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: net::TcpStream) -> Socket {
-        unsafe { Socket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
+    /// Creates a pair of sockets which are connected to each other.
+    ///
+    /// This function corresponds to `socketpair(2)`.
+    pub fn pair(
+        domain: Domain,
+        type_: Type,
+        protocol: Option<Protocol>,
+    ) -> io::Result<(Socket, Socket)> {
+        let mut fds = [0, 0];
+        let protocol = protocol.map(|p| p.0).unwrap_or(0);
+        syscall!(socketpair(domain.0, type_.0, protocol, fds.as_mut_ptr()))
+            .map(|_| (Socket { inner: fds[0] }, Socket { inner: fds[1] }))
+    }
+
+    /// Accept a new incoming connection from this listener.
+    ///
+    /// This function directly corresponds to the `accept4(2)` function.
+    ///
+    /// # Notes
+    ///
+    /// This only available on Android, DragonFlyBSD, FreeBSD, Linux and
+    /// OpenBSD. Once https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/1636 is fixed
+    /// NetBSD will also support it.
+    #[cfg(any(
+        target_os = "android",
+        target_os = "dragonfly",
+        target_os = "freebsd",
+        target_os = "linux",
+        // NetBSD 8.0 actually has `accept4(2)`, but libc doesn't expose it
+        // (yet). See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/1636.
+        //target_os = "netbsd",
+        target_os = "openbsd"
+    ))]
+    pub fn accept4(&self, flags: c_int) -> io::Result<(Socket, SockAddr)> {
+        let mut addr: MaybeUninit<libc::sockaddr_storage> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+        let mut addrlen = size_of::<libc::sockaddr_storage>() as libc::socklen_t;
+        syscall!(accept4(
+            self.inner,
+            addr.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _,
+            &mut addrlen,
+            flags
+        ))
+        .map(|stream_fd| {
+            // This is safe because `accept(2)` filled in the address for us.
+            let addr = unsafe { SockAddr::from_raw_parts(addr.assume_init(), addrlen) };
+            (Socket { inner: stream_fd }, addr)
+        })
     }
 }

-impl From<net::TcpListener> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: net::TcpListener) -> Socket {
+impl From<UnixStream> for Socket {
+    fn from(socket: UnixStream) -> Socket {
         unsafe { Socket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-impl From<net::UdpSocket> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: net::UdpSocket) -> Socket {
-        unsafe { Socket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
+impl Into<UnixStream> for Socket {
+    fn into(self) -> UnixStream {
+        unsafe { UnixStream::from_raw_fd(self.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<UnixStream> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: UnixStream) -> Socket {
+impl From<UnixListener> for Socket {
+    fn from(socket: UnixListener) -> Socket {
         unsafe { Socket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
-impl From<UnixListener> for Socket {
-    fn from(socket: UnixListener) -> Socket {
-        unsafe { Socket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
+impl Into<UnixListener> for Socket {
+    fn into(self) -> UnixListener {
+        unsafe { UnixListener::from_raw_fd(self.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "unix"))]
 impl From<UnixDatagram> for Socket {
     fn from(socket: UnixDatagram) -> Socket {
         unsafe { Socket::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-fn max_len() -> usize {
-    // The maximum read limit on most posix-like systems is `SSIZE_MAX`,
-    // with the man page quoting that if the count of bytes to read is
-    // greater than `SSIZE_MAX` the result is "unspecified".
-    //
-    // On macOS, however, apparently the 64-bit libc is either buggy or
-    // intentionally showing odd behavior by rejecting any read with a size
-    // larger than or equal to INT_MAX. To handle both of these the read
-    // size is capped on both platforms.
-    if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
-        <c_int>::max_value() as usize - 1
-    } else {
-        <ssize_t>::max_value() as usize
-    }
-}
-
-fn cvt<T: One + PartialEq + Neg<Output = T>>(t: T) -> io::Result<T> {
-    let one: T = T::one();
-    if t == -one {
-        Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
-    } else {
-        Ok(t)
+impl Into<UnixDatagram> for Socket {
+    fn into(self) -> UnixDatagram {
+        unsafe { UnixDatagram::from_raw_fd(self.into_raw_fd()) }
     }
 }

-fn cvt_r<F, T>(mut f: F) -> io::Result<T>
-where
-    F: FnMut() -> T,
-    T: One + PartialEq + Neg<Output = T>,
-{
-    loop {
-        match cvt(f()) {
-            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted => {}
-            other => return other,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn set_cloexec(fd: c_int) -> io::Result<()> {
-    unsafe {
-        let previous = cvt(libc::fcntl(fd, libc::F_GETFD))?;
-        let new = previous | libc::FD_CLOEXEC;
-        if new != previous {
-            cvt(libc::fcntl(fd, libc::F_SETFD, new))?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-fn dur2timeval(dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<libc::timeval> {
-    match dur {
-        Some(dur) => {
-            if dur.as_secs() == 0 && dur.subsec_nanos() == 0 {
-                return Err(io::Error::new(
-                    io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
-                    "cannot set a 0 duration timeout",
-                ));
-            }
-
-            let secs = if dur.as_secs() > libc::time_t::max_value() as u64 {
-                libc::time_t::max_value()
-            } else {
-                dur.as_secs() as libc::time_t
-            };
-            let mut timeout = libc::timeval {
-                tv_sec: secs,
-                tv_usec: (dur.subsec_nanos() / 1000) as libc::suseconds_t,
-            };
-            if timeout.tv_sec == 0 && timeout.tv_usec == 0 {
-                timeout.tv_usec = 1;
-            }
-            Ok(timeout)
-        }
-        None => Ok(libc::timeval {
-            tv_sec: 0,
-            tv_usec: 0,
-        }),
+impl FromRawFd for Socket {
+    unsafe fn from_raw_fd(fd: RawFd) -> Socket {
+        Socket { inner: fd }
     }
 }

-fn timeval2dur(raw: libc::timeval) -> Option<Duration> {
-    if raw.tv_sec == 0 && raw.tv_usec == 0 {
-        None
-    } else {
-        let sec = raw.tv_sec as u64;
-        let nsec = (raw.tv_usec as u32) * 1000;
-        Some(Duration::new(sec, nsec))
+impl AsRawFd for Socket {
+    fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
+        self.inner
     }
 }

-fn to_s_addr(addr: &Ipv4Addr) -> libc::in_addr_t {
-    let octets = addr.octets();
-    crate::hton(
-        ((octets[0] as libc::in_addr_t) << 24)
-            | ((octets[1] as libc::in_addr_t) << 16)
-            | ((octets[2] as libc::in_addr_t) << 8)
-            | ((octets[3] as libc::in_addr_t) << 0),
-    )
-}
-
-fn from_s_addr(in_addr: libc::in_addr_t) -> Ipv4Addr {
-    let h_addr = crate::ntoh(in_addr);
-
-    let a: u8 = (h_addr >> 24) as u8;
-    let b: u8 = (h_addr >> 16) as u8;
-    let c: u8 = (h_addr >> 8) as u8;
-    let d: u8 = (h_addr >> 0) as u8;
-
-    Ipv4Addr::new(a, b, c, d)
-}
-
-fn to_in6_addr(addr: &Ipv6Addr) -> libc::in6_addr {
-    let mut ret: libc::in6_addr = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
-    ret.s6_addr = addr.octets();
-    return ret;
-}
-
-#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-fn to_ipv6mr_interface(value: u32) -> c_int {
-    value as c_int
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
-fn to_ipv6mr_interface(value: u32) -> libc::c_uint {
-    value as libc::c_uint
-}
-
-fn linger2dur(linger_opt: libc::linger) -> Option<Duration> {
-    if linger_opt.l_onoff == 0 {
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(Duration::from_secs(linger_opt.l_linger as u64))
+impl IntoRawFd for Socket {
+    fn into_raw_fd(self) -> RawFd {
+        let fd = self.inner;
+        mem::forget(self);
+        fd
     }
 }

-fn dur2linger(dur: Option<Duration>) -> libc::linger {
-    match dur {
-        Some(d) => libc::linger {
-            l_onoff: 1,
-            l_linger: d.as_secs() as c_int,
-        },
-        None => libc::linger {
-            l_onoff: 0,
-            l_linger: 0,
-        },
+impl Drop for Socket {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Can't handle the error here, nor can we do much with it.
+        let _ = unsafe { libc::close(self.inner) };
     }
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn test_ip() {
-    let ip = Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1);
-    assert_eq!(ip, from_s_addr(to_s_addr(&ip)));
-}
diff --git a/tests/socket.rs b/tests/socket.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66058e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/socket.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+use std::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream, UdpSocket};
+
+use socket2::{Domain, Socket, Type};
+
+mod util;
+use util::any_local_ipv4_addr;
+
+#[test]
+fn from_std_tcp_stream() {
+    let listener = TcpListener::bind(any_local_ipv4_addr()).unwrap();
+    let tcp_socket = TcpStream::connect(listener.local_addr().unwrap()).unwrap();
+    let socket: Socket = tcp_socket.into();
+    drop(socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn from_std_tcp_listener() {
+    let tcp_socket = TcpListener::bind(any_local_ipv4_addr()).unwrap();
+    let socket: Socket = tcp_socket.into();
+    drop(socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn from_std_udp_socket() {
+    let udp_socket = UdpSocket::bind(any_local_ipv4_addr()).unwrap();
+    let socket: Socket = udp_socket.into();
+    drop(socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn into_std_tcp_stream() {
+    let socket: Socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
+    let tcp_socket: TcpStream = socket.into();
+    drop(tcp_socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn into_std_tcp_listener() {
+    let socket: Socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
+    let tcp_socket: TcpListener = socket.into();
+    drop(tcp_socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn into_std_udp_socket() {
+    let socket: Socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::dgram(), None).unwrap();
+    let udp_socket: UdpSocket = socket.into();
+    drop(udp_socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn socket_connect_tcp() {
+    let listener = TcpListener::bind(any_local_ipv4_addr()).unwrap();
+    let addr = listener.local_addr().unwrap();
+
+    let socket: TcpStream = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None)
+        .and_then(|socket| socket.connect(&addr.into()).map(|()| socket.into()))
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(socket.peer_addr().unwrap(), addr);
+
+    let (stream, peer_addr) = listener.accept().unwrap();
+    let socket_local_addr = socket.local_addr().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(peer_addr, socket_local_addr);
+    assert_eq!(stream.peer_addr().unwrap(), socket_local_addr);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn socket_bind_tcp() {
+    let socket: TcpListener = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None)
+        .and_then(|socket| {
+            socket
+                .bind(&any_local_ipv4_addr().into())
+                .map(|()| socket.into())
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+
+    assert!(socket.local_addr().unwrap().ip().is_loopback())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn socket_listen_tcp() {
+    let socket: TcpListener = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None)
+        .and_then(|socket| {
+            socket.bind(&any_local_ipv4_addr().into())?;
+            socket.listen(1024)?;
+            Ok(socket.into())
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+    let addr = socket.local_addr().unwrap();
+
+    let stream = TcpStream::connect(addr).unwrap();
+    let stream_addr = stream.local_addr().unwrap();
+
+    let (accepted_stream, peer_addr) = socket.accept().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(peer_addr, stream_addr);
+    assert_eq!(accepted_stream.peer_addr().unwrap(), stream_addr);
+}
+
+// Also tests `local_addr` and `peer_addr`.
+#[test]
+fn socket_accept_tcp() {
+    let socket: Socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None)
+        .and_then(|socket| {
+            socket.bind(&any_local_ipv4_addr().into())?;
+            socket.listen(1024)?;
+            Ok(socket.into())
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+    let addr = socket.local_addr().unwrap();
+    let addr = addr.as_std().unwrap();
+
+    let stream = TcpStream::connect(addr).unwrap();
+    let stream_addr = stream.local_addr().unwrap();
+
+    let (accepted_socket, peer_addr) = socket.accept().unwrap();
+    let peer_addr = peer_addr.as_std().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(peer_addr, stream_addr);
+    assert_eq!(
+        accepted_socket.peer_addr().unwrap().as_std().unwrap(),
+        stream_addr
+    );
+}
diff --git a/tests/unix.rs b/tests/unix.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3af40f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unix.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+//! Tests for Unix only API.
+
+#![cfg(unix)]
+
+use std::os::unix::net::{UnixDatagram, UnixListener, UnixStream};
+
+use socket2::{Domain, Socket, Type};
+
+mod util;
+use util::temp_file;
+
+#[test]
+fn from_std_unix_stream() {
+    let path = temp_file("from_std_unix_stream");
+    let listener = UnixListener::bind(&path).unwrap();
+    let stream = UnixStream::connect(&path).unwrap();
+    let socket: Socket = stream.into();
+    drop(socket);
+    drop(listener);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn from_std_unix_listener() {
+    let path = temp_file("from_std_unix_listener");
+    let listener = UnixListener::bind(&path).unwrap();
+    let socket: Socket = listener.into();
+    drop(socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn from_std_unix_socket() {
+    let path = temp_file("from_std_unix_socket");
+    let datagram = UnixDatagram::bind(&path).unwrap();
+    let socket: Socket = datagram.into();
+    drop(socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn into_std_unix_stream() {
+    let socket: Socket = Socket::new(Domain::unix(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
+    let unix_socket: UnixStream = socket.into();
+    drop(unix_socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn into_std_tcp_listener() {
+    let socket: Socket = Socket::new(Domain::unix(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
+    let unix_socket: UnixListener = socket.into();
+    drop(unix_socket);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn into_std_udp_socket() {
+    let socket: Socket = Socket::new(Domain::unix(), Type::dgram(), None).unwrap();
+    let unix_socket: UnixDatagram = socket.into();
+    drop(unix_socket);
+}
+
+// TODO: test accept4.
+// TODO: test pair.
diff --git a/tests/util/mod.rs b/tests/util/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1744e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/util/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Not all tests use all functions.
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Once;
+use std::{env, fs};
+
+/// Bind to any port on localhost.
+pub fn any_local_ipv4_addr() -> SocketAddr {
+    "127.0.0.1:0".parse().unwrap()
+}
+
+/* TODO: needed?
+/// Bind to any port on localhost, using a IPv6 address.
+pub fn any_local_ipv6_addr() -> SocketAddr {
+    "[::1]:0".parse().unwrap()
+}
+*/
+
+/// Returns a path to a temporary file using `name` as filename.
+pub fn temp_file(name: &'static str) -> PathBuf {
+    init();
+    let mut path = temp_dir();
+    path.push(name);
+    path
+}
+
+pub fn init() {
+    static INIT: Once = Once::new();
+
+    INIT.call_once(|| {
+        // Remove all temporary files from previous test runs.
+        let dir = temp_dir();
+        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+        fs::create_dir_all(&dir).expect("unable to create temporary directory");
+    })
+}
+
+/// Returns the temporary directory for test files.
+///
+/// # Notes
+///
+/// `init` must be called before this.
+fn temp_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    let mut path = env::temp_dir();
+    path.push("socket_tests");
+    path
+}