snarkvm-synthesizer-program 4.7.1

// Copyright (c) 2019-2026 Provable Inc.
// This file is part of the snarkVM library.

// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at:

// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

use super::*;

impl<N: Network> Parser for ProgramCore<N> {
    /// Parses a string into a program.
    #[inline]
    fn parse(string: &str) -> ParserResult<Self> {
        // A helper to parse a program.
        enum P<N: Network> {
            Constructor(ConstructorCore<N>),
            M(Mapping<N>),
            S(StructType<N>),
            R(RecordType<N>),
            C(ClosureCore<N>),
            F(FunctionCore<N>),
            V(ViewCore<N>),
        }

        // Parse the imports from the string.
        let (string, imports) = many0(Import::parse)(string)?;
        // Parse the whitespace and comments from the string.
        let (string, _) = Sanitizer::parse(string)?;
        // Parse the 'program' keyword from the string.
        let (string, _) = tag(Self::type_name())(string)?;
        // Parse the whitespace from the string.
        let (string, _) = Sanitizer::parse_whitespaces(string)?;
        // Parse the program ID from the string.
        let (string, id) = ProgramID::parse(string)?;
        // Parse the whitespace from the string.
        let (string, _) = Sanitizer::parse_whitespaces(string)?;
        // Parse the semicolon ';' keyword from the string.
        let (string, _) = tag(";")(string)?;

        fn intermediate<N: Network>(string: &str) -> ParserResult<P<N>> {
            // Parse the whitespace and comments from the string.
            let (string, _) = Sanitizer::parse(string)?;

            if string.starts_with(ConstructorCore::<N>::type_name()) {
                map(ConstructorCore::parse, |constructor| P::<N>::Constructor(constructor))(string)
            } else if string.starts_with(Mapping::<N>::type_name()) {
                map(Mapping::parse, |mapping| P::<N>::M(mapping))(string)
            } else if string.starts_with(StructType::<N>::type_name()) {
                map(StructType::parse, |struct_| P::<N>::S(struct_))(string)
            } else if string.starts_with(RecordType::<N>::type_name()) {
                map(RecordType::parse, |record| P::<N>::R(record))(string)
            } else if string.starts_with(ClosureCore::<N>::type_name()) {
                map(ClosureCore::parse, |closure| P::<N>::C(closure))(string)
            } else if string.starts_with(FunctionCore::<N>::type_name()) {
                map(FunctionCore::parse, |function| P::<N>::F(function))(string)
            } else if string.starts_with(ViewCore::<N>::type_name()) {
                map(ViewCore::parse, |view| P::<N>::V(view))(string)
            } else {
                Err(Err::Error(make_error(string, ErrorKind::Alt)))
            }
        }

        // Parse the struct or function from the string.
        let (string, components) = many1(intermediate)(string)?;
        // Parse the whitespace and comments from the string.
        let (string, _) = Sanitizer::parse(string)?;

        // Initialize a new program.
        let mut program = match ProgramCore::<N>::new(id) {
            Ok(program) => program,
            Err(error) => {
                eprintln!("{error}");
                return map_res(take(0usize), Err)(string);
            }
        };

        // Add the imports (if any) to the program.
        for import in imports {
            match program.add_import(import) {
                Ok(_) => (),
                Err(error) => {
                    eprintln!("{error}");
                    return map_res(take(0usize), Err)(string);
                }
            }
        }

        // Construct the program with the parsed components.
        for component in components {
            let result = match component {
                P::Constructor(constructor) => program.add_constructor(constructor),
                P::M(mapping) => program.add_mapping(mapping),
                P::S(struct_) => program.add_struct(struct_),
                P::R(record) => program.add_record(record),
                P::C(closure) => program.add_closure(closure),
                P::F(function) => program.add_function(function),
                P::V(view) => program.add_view(view),
            };

            match result {
                Ok(_) => (),
                Err(error) => {
                    eprintln!("{error}");
                    return map_res(take(0usize), Err)(string);
                }
            }
        }

        Ok((string, program))
    }
}

impl<N: Network> FromStr for ProgramCore<N> {
    type Err = Error;

    /// Returns a program from a string literal.
    fn from_str(string: &str) -> Result<Self> {
        // Ensure the raw program string is less than MAX_PROGRAM_SIZE.
        ensure!(string.len() <= N::LATEST_MAX_PROGRAM_SIZE(), "Program length exceeds N::MAX_PROGRAM_SIZE.");

        match Self::parse(string) {
            Ok((remainder, object)) => {
                // Ensure the remainder is empty.
                ensure!(remainder.is_empty(), "Failed to parse string. Remaining invalid string is: \"{remainder}\"");
                // Return the object.
                Ok(object)
            }
            Err(error) => bail!("Failed to parse string. {error}"),
        }
    }
}

impl<N: Network> Debug for ProgramCore<N> {
    /// Prints the program as a string.
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        Display::fmt(self, f)
    }
}

impl<N: Network> Display for ProgramCore<N> {
    /// Prints the program as a string.
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        if !self.imports.is_empty() {
            // Print the imports.
            for import in self.imports.values() {
                writeln!(f, "{import}")?;
            }

            // Print a newline.
            writeln!(f)?;
        }

        // Print the program name.
        write!(f, "{} {};\n\n", Self::type_name(), self.id)?;

        // Write the components.
        let mut components_iter = self.components.iter().peekable();
        while let Some((label, definition)) = components_iter.next() {
            match label {
                ProgramLabel::Constructor => {
                    // Write the constructor, if it exists.
                    if let Some(constructor) = &self.constructor {
                        writeln!(f, "{constructor}")?;
                    }
                }
                ProgramLabel::Identifier(identifier) => match definition {
                    ProgramDefinition::Constructor => return Err(fmt::Error),
                    ProgramDefinition::Mapping => match self.mappings.get(identifier) {
                        Some(mapping) => writeln!(f, "{mapping}")?,
                        None => return Err(fmt::Error),
                    },
                    ProgramDefinition::Struct => match self.structs.get(identifier) {
                        Some(struct_) => writeln!(f, "{struct_}")?,
                        None => return Err(fmt::Error),
                    },
                    ProgramDefinition::Record => match self.records.get(identifier) {
                        Some(record) => writeln!(f, "{record}")?,
                        None => return Err(fmt::Error),
                    },
                    ProgramDefinition::Closure => match self.closures.get(identifier) {
                        Some(closure) => writeln!(f, "{closure}")?,
                        None => return Err(fmt::Error),
                    },
                    ProgramDefinition::Function => match self.functions.get(identifier) {
                        Some(function) => writeln!(f, "{function}")?,
                        None => return Err(fmt::Error),
                    },
                    ProgramDefinition::View => match self.views.get(identifier) {
                        Some(view) => writeln!(f, "{view}")?,
                        None => return Err(fmt::Error),
                    },
                },
            }

            // Omit the last newline.
            if components_iter.peek().is_some() {
                writeln!(f)?;
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::Program;
    use console::network::MainnetV0;

    type CurrentNetwork = MainnetV0;

    #[test]
    fn test_program_parse() -> Result<()> {
        // Initialize a new program.
        let (string, program) = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::parse(
            r"
program to_parse.aleo;

struct message:
    first as field;
    second as field;

function compute:
    input r0 as message.private;
    add r0.first r0.second into r1;
    output r1 as field.private;",
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(string.is_empty(), "Parser did not consume all of the string: '{string}'");

        // Ensure the program contains the struct.
        assert!(program.contains_struct(&Identifier::from_str("message")?));
        // Ensure the program contains the function.
        assert!(program.contains_function(&Identifier::from_str("compute")?));

        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_parse_with_view_zero_inputs() -> Result<()> {
        let program = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::from_str(
            r"
program qy_zeroin.aleo;

function noop:
    input r0 as u64.private;
    output r0 as u64.private;

view fixed_value:
    add 0u64 1234u64 into r0;
    output r0 as u64.public;",
        )?;
        assert_eq!(program.views().len(), 1);
        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_parse_with_view() -> Result<()> {
        let (string, program) = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::parse(
            r"
program token_with_view.aleo;

mapping balances:
    key as address.public;
    value as u64.public;

function noop:
    input r0 as u64.private;
    output r0 as u64.private;

view total_balance:
    input r0 as address.public;
    get.or_use balances[r0] 0u64 into r1;
    output r1 as u64.public;",
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(string.is_empty(), "Parser did not consume all of the string: '{string}'");

        // The program should expose the view by name.
        let view_name = Identifier::from_str("total_balance")?;
        assert!(program.contains_view(&view_name));
        assert_eq!(1, program.views().len());
        let view = program.get_view_ref(&view_name)?;
        assert_eq!(1, view.inputs().len());
        assert_eq!(1, view.commands().len());
        assert_eq!(1, view.outputs().len());

        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_view_rejects_writes() {
        let result = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::from_str(
            r"
program bad_view.aleo;

mapping balances:
    key as address.public;
    value as u64.public;

view mutate:
    input r0 as address.public;
    set 1u64 into balances[r0];
    output r0 as address.public;",
        );
        assert!(result.is_err(), "expected program parse to fail when view contains 'set'");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_view_rejects_call() {
        let result = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::from_str(
            r"
program bad_view.aleo;

closure helper:
    input r0 as field;
    output r0 as field;

view uses_call:
    input r0 as field.public;
    call helper r0 into r1;
    output r1 as field.public;",
        );
        assert!(result.is_err(), "expected program parse to fail when view contains 'call'");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_rejects_duplicate_view_names() {
        let result = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::from_str(
            r"
program dup_view.aleo;

view foo:
    add 0u64 1u64 into r0;
    output r0 as u64.public;

view foo:
    add 0u64 2u64 into r0;
    output r0 as u64.public;",
        );
        assert!(result.is_err(), "expected program parse to fail with two views named 'foo'");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_rejects_view_name_colliding_with_function() {
        let result = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::from_str(
            r"
program qf_collision.aleo;

function foo:
    input r0 as u64.private;
    output r0 as u64.private;

view foo:
    add 0u64 1u64 into r0;
    output r0 as u64.public;",
        );
        assert!(result.is_err(), "expected program parse to fail when a view reuses a function name");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_rejects_view_name_colliding_with_closure() {
        let result = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::from_str(
            r"
program qc_collision.aleo;

closure foo:
    input r0 as field;
    output r0 as field;

function noop:
    input r0 as u64.private;
    output r0 as u64.private;

view foo:
    add 0u64 1u64 into r0;
    output r0 as u64.public;",
        );
        assert!(result.is_err(), "expected program parse to fail when a view reuses a closure name");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_parse_function_zero_inputs() -> Result<()> {
        // Initialize a new program.
        let (string, program) = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::parse(
            r"
program to_parse.aleo;

function compute:
    add 1u32 2u32 into r0;
    output r0 as u32.private;",
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(string.is_empty(), "Parser did not consume all of the string: '{string}'");

        // Ensure the program contains the function.
        assert!(program.contains_function(&Identifier::from_str("compute")?));

        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_display() -> Result<()> {
        let expected = r"program to_parse.aleo;

struct message:
    first as field;
    second as field;

function compute:
    input r0 as message.private;
    add r0.first r0.second into r1;
    output r1 as field.private;
";
        // Parse a new program.
        let program = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::from_str(expected)?;
        // Ensure the program string matches.
        assert_eq!(expected, format!("{program}"));

        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_program_size() {
        let max_program_size: usize = CurrentNetwork::LATEST_MAX_PROGRAM_SIZE();

        // Define variable name for easy experimentation with program sizes.
        let var_name = "a";

        // Helper function to generate imports.
        let gen_import_string = |n: usize| -> String {
            let mut s = String::new();
            for i in 0..n {
                s.push_str(&format!("import foo{i}.aleo;\n"));
            }
            s
        };

        // Helper function to generate large structs.
        let gen_struct_string = |n: usize| -> String {
            let mut s = String::with_capacity(max_program_size);
            for i in 0..n {
                s.push_str(&format!("struct m{i}:\n"));
                for j in 0..10 {
                    s.push_str(&format!("    {var_name}{j} as u128;\n"));
                }
            }
            s
        };

        // Helper function to generate large records.
        let gen_record_string = |n: usize| -> String {
            let mut s = String::with_capacity(max_program_size);
            for i in 0..n {
                s.push_str(&format!("record r{i}:\n    owner as address.private;\n"));
                for j in 0..10 {
                    s.push_str(&format!("    {var_name}{j} as u128.private;\n"));
                }
            }
            s
        };

        // Helper function to generate large mappings.
        let gen_mapping_string = |n: usize| -> String {
            let mut s = String::with_capacity(max_program_size);
            for i in 0..n {
                s.push_str(&format!("mapping {var_name}{i}:\n    key as field.public;\n    value as field.public;\n"));
            }
            s
        };

        // Helper function to generate large closures.
        let gen_closure_string = |n: usize| -> String {
            let mut s = String::with_capacity(max_program_size);
            for i in 0..n {
                s.push_str(&format!("closure c{i}:\n    input r0 as u128;\n"));
                for j in 0..10 {
                    s.push_str(&format!("    add r0 r0 into r{j};\n"));
                }
                s.push_str(&format!("    output r{} as u128;\n", 4000));
            }
            s
        };

        // Helper function to generate large functions.
        let gen_function_string = |n: usize| -> String {
            let mut s = String::with_capacity(max_program_size);
            for i in 0..n {
                s.push_str(&format!("function f{i}:\n    add 1u128 1u128 into r0;\n"));
                for j in 0..500 {
                    s.push_str(&format!("    add r0 r0 into r{j};\n"));
                }
            }
            s
        };

        // Helper function to generate and parse a program.
        let test_parse = |imports: &str, body: &str, should_succeed: bool| {
            let program = format!("{imports}\nprogram to_parse.aleo;\n\n{body}");
            let result = Program::<CurrentNetwork>::from_str(&program);
            if result.is_ok() != should_succeed {
                println!("Program failed to parse: {program}");
            }
            assert_eq!(result.is_ok(), should_succeed);
        };

        // A program with MAX_IMPORTS should succeed.
        test_parse(&gen_import_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_IMPORTS), &gen_struct_string(1), true);
        // A program with more than MAX_IMPORTS should fail.
        test_parse(&gen_import_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_IMPORTS + 1), &gen_struct_string(1), false);
        // A program with MAX_STRUCTS should succeed.
        test_parse("", &gen_struct_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_STRUCTS), true);
        // A program with more than MAX_STRUCTS should fail.
        test_parse("", &gen_struct_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_STRUCTS + 1), false);
        // A program with MAX_RECORDS should succeed.
        test_parse("", &gen_record_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_RECORDS), true);
        // A program with more than MAX_RECORDS should fail.
        test_parse("", &gen_record_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_RECORDS + 1), false);
        // A program with MAX_MAPPINGS should succeed.
        test_parse("", &gen_mapping_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_MAPPINGS), true);
        // A program with more than MAX_MAPPINGS should fail.
        test_parse("", &gen_mapping_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_MAPPINGS + 1), false);
        // A program with MAX_CLOSURES should succeed.
        test_parse("", &gen_closure_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_CLOSURES), true);
        // A program with more than MAX_CLOSURES should fail.
        test_parse("", &gen_closure_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_CLOSURES + 1), false);
        // A program with MAX_FUNCTIONS should succeed.
        test_parse("", &gen_function_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_FUNCTIONS), true);
        // A program with more than MAX_FUNCTIONS should fail.
        test_parse("", &gen_function_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_FUNCTIONS + 1), false);

        // Initialize a program which is too big.
        let program_too_big = format!(
            "{} {} {} {} {}",
            gen_struct_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_STRUCTS),
            gen_record_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_RECORDS),
            gen_mapping_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_MAPPINGS),
            gen_closure_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_CLOSURES),
            gen_function_string(CurrentNetwork::MAX_FUNCTIONS)
        );
        // A program which is too big should fail.
        test_parse("", &program_too_big, false);
    }
}