smda

A minimalist recursive x86 / x64 disassembler library, optimized for accurate Control Flow Graph (CFG) recovery from PE / ELF binaries and arbitrary memory dumps.

The output is a collection of functions, basic blocks, and instructions with their respective edges (block-to-block, function-to-function). Optionally, references to the Windows API can be inferred via the ApiScout method.

smda-rs is a Rust port of danielplohmann/smda (Python). It powers capa-rs, the Rust port of Mandiant's capability extractor.

Features

Input formats: PE (32 / 64-bit), ELF (32 / 64-bit).
Function discovery: prologue scan (MSVC + GCC / clang endbr64 family, 0.4.1+), call-target propagation, PE exception-handler (.pdata) seeding, PE export-table $
Per-function output: basic blocks, in / out references, API calls (ApiScout — embedded Win7 + WinXP DBs), stack-string refs (0.4.1+), block-to-block edges, `is_exp$
Report-level: oep (0.4.1+), find_function_by_offset / find_block_by_offset lookups (0.4.1+), per-disassembly timeout via parse_with_timeout (0.4.1+).
Architecture: x86 / x86_64.
Zero-copy disassembly. BinaryInfo<'a> borrows the input bytes directly. No mapped-image allocation, no per-instruction byte clone, no DisassemblyReport.buffer $
Modern Linux ELF coverage: added GCC / clang endbr64 (F3 0F 1E FA) plus the extended GCC AMD64 prologue family (48 89 5C 24 ??, 48 83 EC ??, 41 57 41 56). On CET-enabled binaries (most modern distros) function discovery improves dramatically — one test ELF went from 3280 → 10106 functions. MSVC samples unchanged.
Linux exit-syscall recognition: mov eax, 60; syscall (and exit_group / int 0x80 equivalents) now end the containing function correctly.
PE exports as candidate seeds: the export RVA list, previously only surfaced in the public report, now seeds the function-candidate scanner. Free coverage win on stripped DLLs.
New report fields: report.oep (original entry point VA), function.is_exported (PE only), function.stringrefs (VAs of stack-string writes — wires up the existing Instruction::get_printable_len).
New lookups: report.find_function_by_offset(addr) / find_block_by_offset(addr).
Timeout support: Disassembler::parse_with_timeout(..., Duration) + new Error::AnalysisTimeout for batch processors of untrusted samples.
Section-table abstraction. Byte access goes through binary_info.bytes_at(va, len) -> Result<&[u8]>, which looks up the VA in a small per-binary SectionMap table and returns a borrowed slice into the input. Replaces the old contiguous mapped image.
Instruction slimmed down. The 0.3.x per-instruction mnemonic: String, operands: Option<String>, and bytes: String (hex) fields are gone. Use the typed iced accessors (mnemonic_enum(), op_kind(), flow_control(), …) for hot paths, or format_mnemonic() / format_operands() / bytes_in(&binary_info) for on-demand formatting.
Decoder still iced-x86 (no C/C++ build dep, ~2–3× faster than capstone).
Same security guards. All the checked-arithmetic, allocation caps, and bounds checks added in 0.3.0 are preserved — the pe::map_binary and elf::map_binary rewrites kept every defensive check, just changed the return type from Vec<u8> to Vec<SectionMap>.
Rust 2024 edition, MSRV 1.95.
Same dependencies (iced-x86 1, goblin 0.10, thiserror 2, itertools 0.14, hex 0.4, regex 1, sha2 0.10, serde 1, maplit 1).

Quick start

Add to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
smda = "0.4"

Then disassemble a file:

use smda::Disassembler;

fn main() -> smda::Result<()> {
    // Load the file yourself — the report borrows from this buffer
    // for the lifetime `'a`, so it must outlive the report.
    let buf = std::fs::read("Sample.exe")?;
    let report = Disassembler::parse(
        &buf,
        Some("Sample.exe"),
        false,  // high-accuracy heuristics (slower)
        false,  // tail-call resolution
    )?;

    println!("format       : {:?}", report.format);
    println!("architecture : {:?}", report.architecture);
    println!("bitness      : {}", report.bitness);
    println!("base addr    : 0x{:x}", report.base_addr);
    println!("functions    : {}", report.functions.len());

    for (addr, func) in report.get_functions()?.iter().take(5) {
        let blocks = func.get_blocks()?;
        let insns  = func.get_num_instructions()?;
        println!("  0x{:08x}  {} blocks, {} insns", addr, blocks.len(), insns);
    }
    Ok(())
}

Typed iced accessors

Each Instruction carries the fully-decoded iced_x86::Instruction (16 bytes, Copy) and exposes typed accessors. New code should prefer these over the on-demand string formatters — no allocation, no string parsing.

use smda::function::Instruction;
use smda::BinaryInfo;
use iced_x86::{FlowControl, Mnemonic, OpKind};

fn classify(ins: &Instruction, bi: &BinaryInfo<'_>) {
    // On-demand formatting (allocates a fresh String per call —
    // cache locally if you read it more than once per instruction).
    println!(
        "{:08x}  {:7} {}",
        ins.offset,
        ins.format_mnemonic(),
        ins.format_operands().unwrap_or_default(),
    );

    // Raw instruction bytes, borrowed from the input file (zero-copy).
    if let Ok(bytes) = ins.bytes_in(bi) {
        println!("  bytes: {}", hex::encode(bytes));
    }

    // Typed accessors — no string parsing, no allocation.
    if ins.is_call() {
        println!("  -> call");
    }
    if ins.is_conditional_jmp() {
        println!("  -> Jcc to 0x{:x}", ins.near_branch_target());
    }
    if ins.mnemonic_enum() == Mnemonic::Xor
        && ins.op_count() == 2
        && ins.op_kind(0) == OpKind::Register
        && ins.op_kind(1) == OpKind::Register
        && ins.op_register(0) == ins.op_register(1)
    {
        println!("  -> register clear ({:?})", ins.op_register(0));
    }
    if ins.flow_control() == FlowControl::Return {
        println!("  -> return");
    }
}

Requirements

Rust 1.95 or newer (2024 edition).
No C/C++ toolchain required — pure Rust.

Why a Rust port?

smda-rs exists to give capa-rs and other Rust-side static-analysis tools a fast, dependency-light recursive disassembler without pulling in capstone, vivisect, or a Python runtime.

Used by

capa-rs — static capability extractor for PE / ELF / shellcode / .NET binaries.

License

Licensed under the MIT License.

Acknowledgements

danielplohmann/smda — original Python implementation by Daniel Plohmann and Steffen Enders.
iced-x86 — the Rust decoder powering the disassembler backend.

smda 0.4.1