servo-pixels 0.1.0-rc1

/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

mod snapshot;

use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::io::Cursor;
use std::ops::Range;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::Duration;
use std::{cmp, fmt, vec};

use euclid::default::{Point2D, Rect, Size2D};
use image::codecs::{bmp, gif, ico, jpeg, png, webp};
use image::error::ImageFormatHint;
use image::imageops::{self, FilterType};
use image::{
    AnimationDecoder, DynamicImage, ImageBuffer, ImageDecoder, ImageError, ImageFormat,
    ImageResult, Limits, Rgba,
};
use log::{debug, error};
use malloc_size_of_derive::MallocSizeOf;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use servo_base::generic_channel::GenericSharedMemory;
pub use snapshot::*;
use webrender_api::units::DeviceIntSize;
use webrender_api::{
    ImageDescriptor, ImageDescriptorFlags, ImageFormat as WebRenderImageFormat, ImageKey,
};

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, MallocSizeOf, PartialEq, Serialize)]
pub enum FilterQuality {
    /// No image interpolation (Nearest-neighbor)
    None,
    /// Low-quality image interpolation (Bilinear)
    Low,
    /// Medium-quality image interpolation (CatmullRom, Mitchell)
    Medium,
    /// High-quality image interpolation (Lanczos)
    High,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, MallocSizeOf, PartialEq, Serialize)]
pub enum PixelFormat {
    /// Luminance channel only
    K8,
    /// Luminance + alpha
    KA8,
    /// RGB, 8 bits per channel
    RGB8,
    /// RGB + alpha, 8 bits per channel
    RGBA8,
    /// BGR + alpha, 8 bits per channel
    BGRA8,
}

/// Computes image byte length, returning None if overflow occurred or the total length exceeds
/// the maximum image allocation size.
pub fn compute_rgba8_byte_length_if_within_limit(width: usize, height: usize) -> Option<usize> {
    // Maximum allowed image allocation size (2^31-1 ~ 2GB).
    const MAX_IMAGE_BYTE_LENGTH: usize = 2147483647;

    // The color components of each pixel must be stored in four sequential
    // elements in the order of red, green, blue, and then alpha.
    4usize
        .checked_mul(width)
        .and_then(|v| v.checked_mul(height))
        .filter(|v| *v <= MAX_IMAGE_BYTE_LENGTH)
}

/// Copies the rectangle of the source image to the destination image.
pub fn copy_rgba8_image(
    src_size: Size2D<u32>,
    src_rect: Rect<u32>,
    src_pixels: &[u8],
    dest_size: Size2D<u32>,
    dest_rect: Rect<u32>,
    dest_pixels: &mut [u8],
) {
    assert!(!src_rect.is_empty());
    assert!(!dest_rect.is_empty());
    assert!(Rect::from_size(src_size).contains_rect(&src_rect));
    assert!(Rect::from_size(dest_size).contains_rect(&dest_rect));
    assert!(src_rect.size == dest_rect.size);
    assert_eq!(src_pixels.len() % 4, 0);
    assert_eq!(dest_pixels.len() % 4, 0);

    if src_size == dest_size && src_rect == dest_rect {
        dest_pixels.copy_from_slice(src_pixels);
        return;
    }

    let src_first_column_start = src_rect.origin.x as usize * 4;
    let src_row_length = src_size.width as usize * 4;
    let src_first_row_start = src_rect.origin.y as usize * src_row_length;

    let dest_first_column_start = dest_rect.origin.x as usize * 4;
    let dest_row_length = dest_size.width as usize * 4;
    let dest_first_row_start = dest_rect.origin.y as usize * dest_row_length;

    let (chunk_length, chunk_count) = (
        src_rect.size.width as usize * 4,
        src_rect.size.height as usize,
    );

    for i in 0..chunk_count {
        let src = &src_pixels[src_first_row_start + i * src_row_length..][src_first_column_start..]
            [..chunk_length];
        let dest = &mut dest_pixels[dest_first_row_start + i * dest_row_length..]
            [dest_first_column_start..][..chunk_length];
        dest.copy_from_slice(src);
    }
}

/// Scales the source image to the required size, performing sampling filter algorithm.
pub fn scale_rgba8_image(
    size: Size2D<u32>,
    pixels: &[u8],
    required_size: Size2D<u32>,
    quality: FilterQuality,
) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
    let filter = match quality {
        FilterQuality::None => FilterType::Nearest,
        FilterQuality::Low => FilterType::Triangle,
        FilterQuality::Medium => FilterType::CatmullRom,
        FilterQuality::High => FilterType::Lanczos3,
    };

    let buffer: ImageBuffer<Rgba<u8>, &[u8]> =
        ImageBuffer::from_raw(size.width, size.height, pixels)?;

    let scaled_buffer =
        imageops::resize(&buffer, required_size.width, required_size.height, filter);

    Some(scaled_buffer.into_vec())
}

/// Flips the source image vertically in place.
pub fn flip_y_rgba8_image_inplace(size: Size2D<u32>, pixels: &mut [u8]) {
    assert_eq!(pixels.len() % 4, 0);

    let row_length = size.width as usize * 4;
    let half_height = (size.height / 2) as usize;

    let (left, right) = pixels.split_at_mut(pixels.len() - row_length * half_height);

    for i in 0..half_height {
        let top = &mut left[i * row_length..][..row_length];
        let bottom = &mut right[(half_height - i - 1) * row_length..][..row_length];
        top.swap_with_slice(bottom);
    }
}

pub fn rgba8_get_rect(pixels: &[u8], size: Size2D<u32>, rect: Rect<u32>) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
    assert!(!rect.is_empty());
    assert!(Rect::from_size(size).contains_rect(&rect));
    assert_eq!(pixels.len() % 4, 0);
    assert_eq!(size.area() as usize, pixels.len() / 4);
    let area = rect.size.area() as usize;
    let first_column_start = rect.origin.x as usize * 4;
    let row_length = size.width as usize * 4;
    let first_row_start = rect.origin.y as usize * row_length;
    if rect.origin.x == 0 && rect.size.width == size.width || rect.size.height == 1 {
        let start = first_column_start + first_row_start;
        return Cow::Borrowed(&pixels[start..start + area * 4]);
    }
    let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(area * 4);
    for row in pixels[first_row_start..]
        .chunks(row_length)
        .take(rect.size.height as usize)
    {
        data.extend_from_slice(&row[first_column_start..][..rect.size.width as usize * 4]);
    }
    data.into()
}

// TODO(pcwalton): Speed up with SIMD, or better yet, find some way to not do this.
pub fn rgba8_byte_swap_colors_inplace(pixels: &mut [u8]) {
    assert!(pixels.len() % 4 == 0);
    for rgba in pixels.chunks_mut(4) {
        rgba.swap(0, 2);
    }
}

pub fn rgba8_byte_swap_and_premultiply_inplace(pixels: &mut [u8]) {
    assert!(pixels.len() % 4 == 0);
    for rgba in pixels.chunks_mut(4) {
        let b = rgba[0];
        rgba[0] = multiply_u8_color(rgba[2], rgba[3]);
        rgba[1] = multiply_u8_color(rgba[1], rgba[3]);
        rgba[2] = multiply_u8_color(b, rgba[3]);
    }
}

/// Returns true if the pixels were found to be completely opaque.
pub fn rgba8_premultiply_inplace(pixels: &mut [u8]) -> bool {
    assert!(pixels.len() % 4 == 0);
    let mut is_opaque = true;
    for rgba in pixels.chunks_mut(4) {
        rgba[0] = multiply_u8_color(rgba[0], rgba[3]);
        rgba[1] = multiply_u8_color(rgba[1], rgba[3]);
        rgba[2] = multiply_u8_color(rgba[2], rgba[3]);
        is_opaque = is_opaque && rgba[3] == 255;
    }
    is_opaque
}

/// Returns a*b/255, rounding any fractional bits to nearest integer
/// to reduce the loss of precision after multiple consequence alpha
/// (un)premultiply operations.
#[inline(always)]
pub fn multiply_u8_color(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
    let c = a as u32 * b as u32 + 128;
    ((c + (c >> 8)) >> 8) as u8
}

pub fn clip(
    mut origin: Point2D<i32>,
    mut size: Size2D<u32>,
    surface: Size2D<u32>,
) -> Option<Rect<u32>> {
    if origin.x < 0 {
        size.width = size.width.saturating_sub(-origin.x as u32);
        origin.x = 0;
    }
    if origin.y < 0 {
        size.height = size.height.saturating_sub(-origin.y as u32);
        origin.y = 0;
    }
    let origin = Point2D::new(origin.x as u32, origin.y as u32);
    Rect::new(origin, size)
        .intersection(&Rect::from_size(surface))
        .filter(|rect| !rect.is_empty())
}

#[derive(PartialEq)]
pub enum EncodedImageType {
    Png,
    Jpeg,
    Webp,
}

impl From<String> for EncodedImageType {
    // From: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#serialising-bitmaps-to-a-file
    // User agents must support PNG ("image/png"). User agents may support other
    // types. If the user agent does not support the requested type, then it
    // must create the file using the PNG format.
    // Anything different than image/jpeg or image/webp is thus treated as PNG.
    fn from(mime_type: String) -> Self {
        let mime = mime_type.to_lowercase();
        if mime == "image/jpeg" {
            Self::Jpeg
        } else if mime == "image/webp" {
            Self::Webp
        } else {
            Self::Png
        }
    }
}

impl EncodedImageType {
    pub fn as_mime_type(&self) -> String {
        match self {
            Self::Png => "image/png",
            Self::Jpeg => "image/jpeg",
            Self::Webp => "image/webp",
        }
        .to_owned()
    }
}

/// Whether this response passed any CORS checks, and is thus safe to read from
/// in cross-origin environments.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, MallocSizeOf, PartialEq, Serialize)]
pub enum CorsStatus {
    /// The response is either same-origin or cross-origin but passed CORS checks.
    Safe,
    /// The response is cross-origin and did not pass CORS checks. It is unsafe
    /// to expose pixel data to the requesting environment.
    Unsafe,
}

/// A version of [`RasterImage`] that can be sent across IPC channels.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, MallocSizeOf, Serialize)]
pub struct SharedRasterImage {
    pub metadata: ImageMetadata,
    pub format: PixelFormat,
    pub id: Option<ImageKey>,
    pub cors_status: CorsStatus,
    #[conditional_malloc_size_of]
    pub bytes: Arc<GenericSharedMemory>,
    pub frames: Vec<ImageFrame>,
    /// Whether or not all of the frames of this image are opaque.
    pub is_opaque: bool,
}

#[derive(Clone, MallocSizeOf)]
pub struct RasterImage {
    pub metadata: ImageMetadata,
    pub format: PixelFormat,
    pub id: Option<ImageKey>,
    pub cors_status: CorsStatus,
    #[conditional_malloc_size_of]
    pub bytes: Arc<Vec<u8>>,
    pub frames: Vec<ImageFrame>,
    /// Whether or not all of the frames of this image are opaque.
    pub is_opaque: bool,
}

fn sensible_delay(delay: Duration) -> Duration {
    // Very small timeout values are problematic for two reasons: we don't want
    // to burn energy redrawing animated images extremely fast, and broken tools
    // generate these values when they actually want a "default" value, so such
    // images won't play back right without normalization.
    // https://searchfox.org/firefox-main/rev/c79acad610ddbb31bd92e837e056b53716f5ccf2/image/FrameTimeout.h#35
    if delay <= Duration::from_millis(10) {
        Duration::from_millis(100)
    } else {
        delay
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, MallocSizeOf, Serialize)]
pub struct ImageFrame {
    pub delay: Option<Duration>,
    /// References a range of the `bytes` field from the image that this
    /// frame belongs to.
    pub byte_range: Range<usize>,
    pub width: u32,
    pub height: u32,
}

impl ImageFrame {
    pub fn delay(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
        self.delay.map(sensible_delay)
    }
}

/// A non-owning reference to the data of an [ImageFrame]
pub struct ImageFrameView<'a> {
    pub delay: Option<Duration>,
    pub bytes: &'a [u8],
    pub width: u32,
    pub height: u32,
}

impl ImageFrameView<'_> {
    pub fn delay(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
        self.delay.map(sensible_delay)
    }
}

impl RasterImage {
    pub fn should_animate(&self) -> bool {
        self.frames.len() > 1
    }

    fn frame_view<'image>(&'image self, frame: &ImageFrame) -> ImageFrameView<'image> {
        ImageFrameView {
            delay: frame.delay,
            bytes: self.bytes.get(frame.byte_range.clone()).unwrap(),
            width: frame.width,
            height: frame.height,
        }
    }

    pub fn frame(&self, index: usize) -> Option<ImageFrameView<'_>> {
        self.frames.get(index).map(|frame| self.frame_view(frame))
    }

    pub fn first_frame(&self) -> ImageFrameView<'_> {
        self.frame(0)
            .expect("All images should have at least one frame")
    }

    pub fn as_snapshot(&self) -> Snapshot {
        let size = Size2D::new(self.metadata.width, self.metadata.height);
        let format = match self.format {
            PixelFormat::BGRA8 => SnapshotPixelFormat::BGRA,
            PixelFormat::RGBA8 => SnapshotPixelFormat::RGBA,
            pixel_format => {
                unimplemented!("unsupported pixel format ({pixel_format:?})");
            },
        };

        let alpha_mode = SnapshotAlphaMode::Transparent {
            premultiplied: true,
        };

        Snapshot::from_arc_vec(
            size.cast(),
            format,
            alpha_mode,
            self.bytes.clone(),
            self.frames[0].byte_range.clone(),
        )
    }

    pub fn frame_data(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&ImageFrame> {
        self.frames.get(index)
    }

    pub fn webrender_image_descriptor_and_data_for_frame(
        &self,
        frame_index: usize,
    ) -> (ImageDescriptor, GenericSharedMemory) {
        let frame = self
            .frames
            .get(frame_index)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Asked for a frame that did not exist: {frame_index:?}"));

        let (format, data) = match self.format {
            PixelFormat::BGRA8 => (
                WebRenderImageFormat::BGRA8,
                GenericSharedMemory::from_bytes(&self.bytes),
            ),
            PixelFormat::RGBA8 => (
                WebRenderImageFormat::RGBA8,
                GenericSharedMemory::from_bytes(&self.bytes),
            ),
            PixelFormat::RGB8 => {
                let frame_bytes = &self.bytes[frame.byte_range.clone()];
                let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(frame_bytes.len() / 3 * 4);
                for rgb in frame_bytes.chunks(3) {
                    bytes.extend_from_slice(&[rgb[2], rgb[1], rgb[0], 0xff]);
                }
                (
                    WebRenderImageFormat::BGRA8,
                    GenericSharedMemory::from_bytes(&bytes),
                )
            },
            PixelFormat::K8 | PixelFormat::KA8 => {
                panic!("Not support by webrender yet");
            },
        };
        let mut flags = ImageDescriptorFlags::ALLOW_MIPMAPS;
        flags.set(ImageDescriptorFlags::IS_OPAQUE, self.is_opaque);

        let size = DeviceIntSize::new(self.metadata.width as i32, self.metadata.height as i32);
        let descriptor = ImageDescriptor {
            size,
            stride: None,
            format,
            offset: frame.byte_range.start as i32,
            flags,
        };
        (descriptor, data)
    }

    /// For animations the image already exists in a cache in 'Painter'. We just send the description.
    /// Currently we do not support 'PixelFormat::RGB8'
    pub fn webrender_image_descriptor_and_offset_for_frame(&self) -> Option<ImageDescriptor> {
        if self.format == PixelFormat::RGB8 ||
            self.format == PixelFormat::K8 ||
            self.format == PixelFormat::KA8
        {
            return None;
        }
        let format = match self.format {
            PixelFormat::BGRA8 => WebRenderImageFormat::BGRA8,
            PixelFormat::RGBA8 => WebRenderImageFormat::RGBA8,
            PixelFormat::RGB8 => WebRenderImageFormat::BGRA8,
            PixelFormat::KA8 | PixelFormat::K8 => {
                error!("Pixel format currently not supported");
                return None;
            },
        };
        let mut flags = ImageDescriptorFlags::ALLOW_MIPMAPS;
        flags.set(ImageDescriptorFlags::IS_OPAQUE, self.is_opaque);

        let size = DeviceIntSize::new(self.metadata.width as i32, self.metadata.height as i32);
        let descriptor = ImageDescriptor {
            size,
            stride: None,
            format,
            offset: 0,
            flags,
        };
        Some(descriptor)
    }

    pub fn to_shared(&self) -> Arc<SharedRasterImage> {
        Arc::new(SharedRasterImage {
            metadata: self.metadata,
            format: self.format,
            id: self.id,
            cors_status: self.cors_status,
            bytes: Arc::new(GenericSharedMemory::from_bytes(&self.bytes)),
            frames: self.frames.clone(),
            is_opaque: self.is_opaque,
        })
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for RasterImage {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(
            f,
            "Image {{ width: {}, height: {}, format: {:?}, ..., id: {:?} }}",
            self.metadata.width, self.metadata.height, self.format, self.id
        )
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, MallocSizeOf, PartialEq, Serialize)]
pub struct ImageMetadata {
    pub width: u32,
    pub height: u32,
}

// FIXME: Images must not be copied every frame. Instead we should atomically
// reference count them.

pub fn load_from_memory(buffer: &[u8], cors_status: CorsStatus) -> Option<RasterImage> {
    if buffer.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }

    let image_fmt_result = detect_image_format(buffer);
    match image_fmt_result {
        Err(msg) => {
            debug!("{}", msg);
            None
        },
        Ok(format) => {
            let Ok(image_decoder) = make_decoder(format, buffer) else {
                return None;
            };
            match image_decoder {
                GenericImageDecoder::Png(png_decoder) => {
                    if png_decoder.is_apng().unwrap_or_default() {
                        let Ok(apng_decoder) = png_decoder.apng() else {
                            return None;
                        };
                        decode_animated_image(cors_status, apng_decoder)
                    } else {
                        decode_static_image(cors_status, *png_decoder)
                    }
                },
                GenericImageDecoder::Gif(animation_decoder) => {
                    decode_animated_image(cors_status, *animation_decoder)
                },
                GenericImageDecoder::Webp(webp_decoder) => {
                    if webp_decoder.has_animation() {
                        decode_animated_image(cors_status, *webp_decoder)
                    } else {
                        decode_static_image(cors_status, *webp_decoder)
                    }
                },
                GenericImageDecoder::Bmp(image_decoder) => {
                    decode_static_image(cors_status, *image_decoder)
                },
                GenericImageDecoder::Jpeg(image_decoder) => {
                    decode_static_image(cors_status, *image_decoder)
                },
                GenericImageDecoder::Ico(image_decoder) => {
                    decode_static_image(cors_status, *image_decoder)
                },
            }
        },
    }
}

// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img
pub fn detect_image_format(buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<ImageFormat, &str> {
    if is_gif(buffer) {
        Ok(ImageFormat::Gif)
    } else if is_jpeg(buffer) {
        Ok(ImageFormat::Jpeg)
    } else if is_png(buffer) {
        Ok(ImageFormat::Png)
    } else if is_webp(buffer) {
        Ok(ImageFormat::WebP)
    } else if is_bmp(buffer) {
        Ok(ImageFormat::Bmp)
    } else if is_ico(buffer) {
        Ok(ImageFormat::Ico)
    } else {
        Err("Image Format Not Supported")
    }
}

pub fn unmultiply_inplace<const SWAP_RB: bool>(pixels: &mut [u8]) {
    for rgba in pixels.chunks_mut(4) {
        let a = rgba[3] as u32;
        let mut b = rgba[2] as u32;
        let mut g = rgba[1] as u32;
        let mut r = rgba[0] as u32;

        if a > 0 {
            r = r * 255 / a;
            g = g * 255 / a;
            b = b * 255 / a;

            if SWAP_RB {
                rgba[2] = r as u8;
                rgba[1] = g as u8;
                rgba[0] = b as u8;
            } else {
                rgba[2] = b as u8;
                rgba[1] = g as u8;
                rgba[0] = r as u8;
            }
        }
    }
}

#[repr(u8)]
pub enum Multiply {
    None = 0,
    PreMultiply = 1,
    UnMultiply = 2,
}

pub fn transform_inplace(pixels: &mut [u8], multiply: Multiply, swap_rb: bool, clear_alpha: bool) {
    match (multiply, swap_rb, clear_alpha) {
        (Multiply::None, true, true) => generic_transform_inplace::<0, true, true>(pixels),
        (Multiply::None, true, false) => generic_transform_inplace::<0, true, false>(pixels),
        (Multiply::None, false, true) => generic_transform_inplace::<0, false, true>(pixels),
        (Multiply::None, false, false) => generic_transform_inplace::<0, false, false>(pixels),
        (Multiply::PreMultiply, true, true) => generic_transform_inplace::<1, true, true>(pixels),
        (Multiply::PreMultiply, true, false) => generic_transform_inplace::<1, true, false>(pixels),
        (Multiply::PreMultiply, false, true) => generic_transform_inplace::<1, false, true>(pixels),
        (Multiply::PreMultiply, false, false) => {
            generic_transform_inplace::<1, false, false>(pixels)
        },
        (Multiply::UnMultiply, true, true) => generic_transform_inplace::<2, true, true>(pixels),
        (Multiply::UnMultiply, true, false) => generic_transform_inplace::<2, true, false>(pixels),
        (Multiply::UnMultiply, false, true) => generic_transform_inplace::<2, false, true>(pixels),
        (Multiply::UnMultiply, false, false) => {
            generic_transform_inplace::<2, false, false>(pixels)
        },
    }
}

pub fn generic_transform_inplace<
    const MULTIPLY: u8, // 1 premultiply, 2 unmultiply
    const SWAP_RB: bool,
    const CLEAR_ALPHA: bool,
>(
    pixels: &mut [u8],
) {
    for rgba in pixels.chunks_mut(4) {
        match MULTIPLY {
            1 => {
                let a = rgba[3];

                rgba[0] = multiply_u8_color(rgba[0], a);
                rgba[1] = multiply_u8_color(rgba[1], a);
                rgba[2] = multiply_u8_color(rgba[2], a);
            },
            2 => {
                let a = rgba[3] as u32;

                if a > 0 {
                    rgba[0] = (rgba[0] as u32 * 255 / a) as u8;
                    rgba[1] = (rgba[1] as u32 * 255 / a) as u8;
                    rgba[2] = (rgba[2] as u32 * 255 / a) as u8;
                }
            },
            _ => {},
        }
        if SWAP_RB {
            rgba.swap(0, 2);
        }
        if CLEAR_ALPHA {
            rgba[3] = u8::MAX;
        }
    }
}

fn is_gif(buffer: &[u8]) -> bool {
    buffer.starts_with(b"GIF87a") || buffer.starts_with(b"GIF89a")
}

fn is_jpeg(buffer: &[u8]) -> bool {
    buffer.starts_with(&[0xff, 0xd8, 0xff])
}

fn is_png(buffer: &[u8]) -> bool {
    buffer.starts_with(&[0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x1A, 0x0A])
}

fn is_bmp(buffer: &[u8]) -> bool {
    buffer.starts_with(&[0x42, 0x4D])
}

fn is_ico(buffer: &[u8]) -> bool {
    buffer.starts_with(&[0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00])
}

fn is_webp(buffer: &[u8]) -> bool {
    // https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/riff_container
    // First four bytes: `RIFF`, header size 12 bytes
    if !buffer.starts_with(b"RIFF") || buffer.len() < 12 {
        return false;
    }
    let size: [u8; 4] = [buffer[4], buffer[5], buffer[6], buffer[7]];
    // Bytes 4..8 are a little endian u32 indicating
    // > The size of the file in bytes, starting at offset 8.
    // > The maximum value of this field is 2^32 minus 10 bytes and thus the size
    // > of the whole file is at most 4 GiB minus 2 bytes.
    let len: usize = u32::from_le_bytes(size) as usize;
    buffer[8..].len() >= len && &buffer[8..12] == b"WEBP"
}

enum GenericImageDecoder<R: std::io::BufRead + std::io::Seek> {
    Png(Box<png::PngDecoder<R>>),
    Gif(Box<gif::GifDecoder<R>>),
    Webp(Box<webp::WebPDecoder<R>>),
    Jpeg(Box<jpeg::JpegDecoder<R>>),
    Bmp(Box<bmp::BmpDecoder<R>>),
    Ico(Box<ico::IcoDecoder<R>>),
}

fn make_decoder(
    format: ImageFormat,
    buffer: &[u8],
) -> ImageResult<GenericImageDecoder<Cursor<&[u8]>>> {
    let limits = Limits::default();
    let reader = Cursor::new(buffer);
    Ok(match format {
        ImageFormat::Png => {
            GenericImageDecoder::Png(Box::new(png::PngDecoder::with_limits(reader, limits)?))
        },
        ImageFormat::Gif => GenericImageDecoder::Gif(Box::new(gif::GifDecoder::new(reader)?)),
        ImageFormat::WebP => GenericImageDecoder::Webp(Box::new(webp::WebPDecoder::new(reader)?)),
        ImageFormat::Jpeg => GenericImageDecoder::Jpeg(Box::new(jpeg::JpegDecoder::new(reader)?)),
        ImageFormat::Bmp => GenericImageDecoder::Bmp(Box::new(bmp::BmpDecoder::new(reader)?)),
        ImageFormat::Ico => GenericImageDecoder::Ico(Box::new(ico::IcoDecoder::new(reader)?)),
        _ => {
            return Err(ImageError::Unsupported(
                ImageFormatHint::Exact(format).into(),
            ));
        },
    })
}

fn decode_static_image(
    cors_status: CorsStatus,
    mut image_decoder: impl ImageDecoder,
) -> Option<RasterImage> {
    let orientation = image_decoder.orientation();

    let Ok(mut dynamic_image) = DynamicImage::from_decoder(image_decoder) else {
        debug!("Image decoding error");
        return None;
    };

    if let Ok(orientation) = orientation {
        dynamic_image.apply_orientation(orientation);
    }

    let mut rgba = dynamic_image.into_rgba8();

    // Store pre-multiplied data as that prevents having to do conversions of the data at later
    // times. This does cause an issue with some canvas APIs. See:
    // https://github.com/servo/servo/issues/40257
    let is_opaque = rgba8_premultiply_inplace(&mut rgba);

    let frame = ImageFrame {
        delay: None,
        byte_range: 0..rgba.len(),
        width: rgba.width(),
        height: rgba.height(),
    };
    Some(RasterImage {
        metadata: ImageMetadata {
            width: rgba.width(),
            height: rgba.height(),
        },
        format: PixelFormat::RGBA8,
        frames: vec![frame],
        bytes: Arc::new(rgba.to_vec()),
        id: None,
        cors_status,
        is_opaque,
    })
}

fn decode_animated_image<'a, T>(
    cors_status: CorsStatus,
    animated_image_decoder: T,
) -> Option<RasterImage>
where
    T: AnimationDecoder<'a>,
{
    let mut width = 0;
    let mut height = 0;

    // This uses `map_while`, because the first non-decodable frame seems to
    // send the frame iterator into an infinite loop. See
    // <https://github.com/image-rs/image/issues/2442>.
    let mut frame_data = vec![];
    let mut total_number_of_bytes = 0;
    let mut is_opaque = true;
    let frames: Vec<ImageFrame> = animated_image_decoder
        .into_frames()
        .map_while(|decoded_frame| {
            let mut animated_frame = match decoded_frame {
                Ok(decoded_frame) => decoded_frame,
                Err(error) => {
                    debug!("decode Animated frame error: {error}");
                    return None;
                },
            };

            // Store pre-multiplied data as that prevents having to do conversions of the data at later
            // times. This does cause an issue with some canvas APIs. See:
            // https://github.com/servo/servo/issues/40257
            is_opaque = rgba8_premultiply_inplace(animated_frame.buffer_mut()) && is_opaque;

            let frame_start = total_number_of_bytes;
            total_number_of_bytes += animated_frame.buffer().len();

            // The image size should be at least as large as the largest frame.
            let frame_width = animated_frame.buffer().width();
            let frame_height = animated_frame.buffer().height();
            width = cmp::max(width, frame_width);
            height = cmp::max(height, frame_height);

            let frame = ImageFrame {
                byte_range: frame_start..total_number_of_bytes,
                delay: Some(Duration::from(animated_frame.delay())),
                width: frame_width,
                height: frame_height,
            };

            frame_data.push(animated_frame);

            Some(frame)
        })
        .collect();

    if frames.is_empty() {
        debug!("Animated Image decoding error");
        return None;
    }

    // Coalesce the frame data into one single shared memory region.
    let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(total_number_of_bytes);
    for frame in frame_data {
        bytes.extend_from_slice(frame.buffer());
    }

    Some(RasterImage {
        metadata: ImageMetadata { width, height },
        cors_status,
        frames,
        id: None,
        format: PixelFormat::RGBA8,
        bytes: Arc::new(bytes),
        is_opaque,
    })
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::detect_image_format;

    #[test]
    fn test_supported_images() {
        let gif1 = [b'G', b'I', b'F', b'8', b'7', b'a'];
        let gif2 = [b'G', b'I', b'F', b'8', b'9', b'a'];
        let jpeg = [0xff, 0xd8, 0xff];
        let png = [0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x1A, 0x0A];
        let webp = [
            b'R', b'I', b'F', b'F', 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, b'W', b'E', b'B', b'P',
        ];
        let bmp = [0x42, 0x4D];
        let ico = [0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00];
        let junk_format = [0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05];

        assert!(detect_image_format(&gif1).is_ok());
        assert!(detect_image_format(&gif2).is_ok());
        assert!(detect_image_format(&jpeg).is_ok());
        assert!(detect_image_format(&png).is_ok());
        assert!(detect_image_format(&webp).is_ok());
        assert!(detect_image_format(&bmp).is_ok());
        assert!(detect_image_format(&ico).is_ok());
        assert!(detect_image_format(&junk_format).is_err());
    }
}