Sentience tokenizer

Tiny zero‑dependency tokenizer for simple DSLs and config/query languages in Rust.
Generic: drop it into parsers, rule engines, interpreters, or build tooling.
Supports identifiers, numbers, strings, operators, and a small set of keywords.
Clear spans, a streaming iterator, and a zero‑copy mode when you want pure speed. Designed for speed, clarity, and easy embedding.

Quick start

Install:

[dependencies]
sentience-tokenize = "0.2.0"

Basic usage:

use sentience_tokenize::tokenize;

fn main() {
    let toks = tokenize("let x = 1").unwrap();
    for t in toks { println!("{:?} @{}..{}", t.kind, t.span.start, t.span.end); }
}

Streaming iterator (no allocation of full token vec):

use sentience_tokenize::tokenize_iter;

for item in tokenize_iter("let x = 1") {
    let t = item.unwrap();
    println!("{:?} @{}..{}", t.kind, t.span.start, t.span.end);
}

Zero-copy tokens (borrow &str slices from the source):

use sentience_tokenize::{tokenize_borrowed, BorrowedTokenKind};

let toks = tokenize_borrowed("\"hi\" 123").unwrap();
assert!(matches!(toks[0].kind, BorrowedTokenKind::String("hi")));
assert!(matches!(toks[1].kind, BorrowedTokenKind::Number("123")));

Features

• Zero dependencies (only std).
• Token kinds: identifiers, numbers, strings, parens/brackets/braces, = + - * / ->.
• Keywords: true false if then else let rule and or.
• Spans included for each token.
• Iterator API: tokenize_iter yields Result<Token, LexError>.
• Zero-copy API: tokenize_borrowed returns BorrowedToken<'_>/BorrowedTokenKind<'_> with &str slices.
• Whitespace & // comments skipped.

Optional features

• serde: derive Serialize/Deserialize for tokens and errors
• zero-copy API: tokenize_borrowed returns BorrowedTokenKind<'a>/BorrowedToken<'a> with &str slices (strings keep raw escapes)

Spec

The enum TokenKind, types Token/Span, functions tokenize/tokenize_iter, LineMap, and error types LexError{Kind} are part of the stable API.

Note: new TokenKind variants may be added in minor releases; avoid exhaustive match without a _ catch-all.

Error Reporting

Lexing errors return a LexError with kind and span. Example with LineMap:

use sentience_tokenize::{tokenize, LineMap};

let src = "\"abc\\x\"";
let map = LineMap::new(src);
let err = tokenize(src).unwrap_err();
let (line, col) = map.to_line_col(err.span.start);
println!("{}:{}: {}", line, col, err.kind.as_str());

Output

1:5: invalid escape sequence

Stable API surface

• Types: TokenKind, Token, Span, BorrowedTokenKind<'a>, BorrowedToken<'a>
• Functions: tokenize(&str) -> Result<Vec<Token>, LexError>, tokenize_iter(&str), tokenize_borrowed(&str) -> Result<Vec<BorrowedToken<'_>>, LexError>
• Utilities: LineMap for byte→(line, col)
• Errors: LexError, LexErrorKind

Iterator API example

use sentience_tokenize::{tokenize_iter, TokenKind};

fn main() {
    for tok in tokenize_iter("let x = 1.2e-3") {
        let t = tok.unwrap();
        if let TokenKind::Ident(name) = &t.kind {
            println!("ident: {} @{}..{}", name, t.span.start, t.span.end);
        }
    }
}

Zero-copy example

use sentience_tokenize::{tokenize_borrowed, BorrowedTokenKind};

fn main() {
    let toks = tokenize_borrowed("let x = \"hi\" 123").unwrap();
    match toks[3].kind {
        BorrowedTokenKind::String(s) => assert_eq!(s, "hi"),
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

Install

Add to Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
sentience-tokenize = "0.2.0"

Example

use sentience_tokenize::tokenize;

fn main() {
    let code = r#"
        // sample
        let rule greet(name) = "hi, " + name
        if true and false then x = 1 else x = 2;
    "#;

    let toks = tokenize(code).unwrap();
    for t in toks {
        println!("{:?} @{}..{}", t.kind, t.span.start, t.span.end);
    }
}

Output (truncated)

Let @18..21
Rule @22..26
Ident("greet") @27..32
LParen @32..33
Ident("name") @33..37
RParen @37..38
Eq @39..40
String("hi, ") @41..47
Plus @48..49
Ident("name") @50..54
...

Run tests

cargo test

Example binary

cargo run --example basic
cargo run --example pretty
echo 'let rule greet(n) = "hi, " + n' | cargo run --example stream

Dev

Benchmark

cargo bench

Fuzzing

Fuzzing is supported via cargo-fuzz (optional).

cargo bench
cargo test
cargo install cargo-fuzz
cargo fuzz run tokenize -- -runs=1000

Why?

• Small, standalone lexer - no macros, no regexes.
• Useful as a foundation for parsers, DSLs, or interpreters.
• Explicit spans for better error reporting.

Background

For more context and design motivation, see my blog post:
Designing a zero-dependency tokenizer in Rust

License

MIT © 2025 Nenad Bursać