scythe-codegen 0.18.1

Polyglot code generation backends for scythe
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
use scythe_backend::manifest::BackendManifest;
use scythe_backend::naming::{composite_type_name, enum_type_name, enum_variant_name, fn_name, to_snake_case};
use scythe_backend::types::resolve_type;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::fmt::Write;

use scythe_core::analyzer::{AnalyzedQuery, CompositeInfo, EnumInfo};
use scythe_core::errors::{ErrorCode, ScytheError};
use scythe_core::parser::QueryCommand;

use crate::backend_options::reject_unknown_options;
use crate::backend_trait::{CodegenBackend, ResolvedColumn, ResolvedParam};

fn asyncpg_param_expr(param: &ResolvedParam, raw: &str) -> String {
    if param.neutral_type.starts_with("composite::") {
        format!("None if {raw} is None else {raw}._to_record()")
    } else {
        raw.to_string()
    }
}

use super::python_common::{PythonRowType, no_rows_exception_def, type_support_imports, write_missing_row_guard};

const DEFAULT_MANIFEST_TOML: &str = include_str!("../../manifests/python-asyncpg.toml");
const DEFAULT_MANIFEST_REDSHIFT: &str = include_str!("../../manifests/python-asyncpg.redshift.toml");

/// The Python expression converting one composite field's already-decoded `asyncpg.Record`
/// value (`raw`, e.g. `record["street"]`) into the field's declared Python type.
///
/// Unlike psycopg3 (board #204's `python_psycopg3.rs`), asyncpg needs no hand-written text
/// parser here -- verified by reading the vendored driver's own decode path, not from memory
/// (`asyncpg/protocol/codecs/base.pyx`): `DataCodecConfig.add_types` runs automatically off
/// introspection results and, for every `kind == b'c'` (composite) type touched by a query,
/// registers a per-column binary codec via `Codec.new_composite_codec`; `decode_composite`
/// then builds a real `self.record_desc.make_record(asyncpg.Record, ...)` keyed by the
/// composite's own attribute names, decoding each sub-field through *its own* element codec
/// (native `int`/`Decimal`/`datetime.datetime`/`uuid.UUID`/...) and mapping a NULL sub-field
/// (`elem_len == -1`) straight to `None` -- no text escaping to reimplement. An `enum` (`kind
/// == b'e'`) is registered as a plain `TEXTOID` scalar codec ("Enum types are essentially
/// text"), so an enum sub-field still decodes to `str` and needs `T(value)` to become our
/// generated `Enum` subclass; a composite sub-field only needs wrapping into its own generated
/// class, recursing through that class's own `_from_record`.
fn asyncpg_composite_field_from_record(neutral_type: &str, base_type: &str, raw: &str, nullable: bool) -> String {
    let converted = if neutral_type.starts_with("composite::") {
        format!("{base_type}._from_record({raw})")
    } else if neutral_type.starts_with("enum::") {
        format!("{base_type}({raw})")
    } else {
        raw.to_string()
    };
    if nullable {
        format!("None if {raw} is None else {converted}")
    } else {
        converted
    }
}

/// Build the `field=value` expression for one column read from an `asyncpg.Record`
/// (`row`/`r`, both keyed by column name).
///
/// A `composite::` column arrives as asyncpg's own `Record` (see
/// [`asyncpg_composite_field_from_record`]'s doc comment), not our generated
/// dataclass/BaseModel/Struct, so it is routed through that class's `_from_record`
/// classmethod -- null-safe on its own, so no extra guard is needed regardless of
/// `col.nullable`. An `enum::` column decodes to a plain `str`; the generated `Enum`
/// subclass's `str, Enum` base makes `T(value)` the value-lookup constructor, guarded by a
/// `None` check for a nullable column since `T(None)` raises `ValueError` rather than
/// returning `None`.
fn field_assignment_expr(col: &ResolvedColumn, var: &str) -> String {
    let raw = format!("{var}[\"{}\"]", col.name);
    if col.neutral_type.starts_with("composite::") {
        return format!("{}={}._from_record({raw})", col.field_name, col.lang_type);
    }
    if col.neutral_type.starts_with("enum::") {
        return if col.nullable {
            format!("{}=None if {raw} is None else {}({raw})", col.field_name, col.lang_type)
        } else {
            format!("{}={}({raw})", col.field_name, col.lang_type)
        };
    }
    format!("{}={raw}", col.field_name)
}

pub struct PythonAsyncpgBackend {
    manifest: BackendManifest,
    row_type: PythonRowType,
}

impl PythonAsyncpgBackend {
    pub fn new(engine: &str) -> Result<Self, ScytheError> {
        let default_toml = match engine {
            "postgresql" | "postgres" | "pg" => DEFAULT_MANIFEST_TOML,
            "redshift" => DEFAULT_MANIFEST_REDSHIFT,
            _ => {
                return Err(ScytheError::new(
                    ErrorCode::InvalidConfig,
                    format!(
                        "python-asyncpg only supports PostgreSQL/Redshift, got engine '{}'",
                        engine
                    ),
                ));
            }
        };
        let manifest = super::parse_manifest(default_toml)?;
        Ok(Self {
            manifest,
            row_type: PythonRowType::default(),
        })
    }
}

impl CodegenBackend for PythonAsyncpgBackend {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "python-asyncpg"
    }

    fn manifest(&self) -> &scythe_backend::manifest::BackendManifest {
        &self.manifest
    }

    fn manifest_mut(&mut self) -> &mut scythe_backend::manifest::BackendManifest {
        &mut self.manifest
    }

    fn supported_engines(&self) -> &[&str] {
        &["postgresql", "redshift"]
    }

    fn apply_options(&mut self, options: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<(), ScytheError> {
        reject_unknown_options(&["row_type"], options)?;

        if let Some(rt) = options.get("row_type") {
            self.row_type = PythonRowType::from_option(rt)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn file_header(&self) -> String {
        let import_line = self.row_type.import_line();
        let (needs_uuid, needs_any) = type_support_imports(&self.manifest);
        let uuid_line = if needs_uuid { "import uuid  # noqa: F401\n" } else { "" };
        let any_line = if needs_any {
            "from typing import Any  # noqa: F401\n"
        } else {
            ""
        };
        let header = if self.row_type.is_stdlib_import() {
            format!(
                "import datetime  # noqa: F401\n\
                 import decimal  # noqa: F401\n\
                 {uuid_line}\
                 {import_line}\n\
                 from enum import Enum  # noqa: F401\n\
                 {any_line}\
                 \n\
                 from asyncpg import Connection  # noqa: F401\n\
                 \n",
            )
        } else {
            let third_party = self
                .row_type
                .sorted_third_party_imports("from asyncpg import Connection  # noqa: F401");
            format!(
                "import datetime  # noqa: F401\n\
                 import decimal  # noqa: F401\n\
                 {uuid_line}\
                 from enum import Enum  # noqa: F401\n\
                 {any_line}\
                 \n\
                 {third_party}\n\
                 \n",
            )
        };
        format!("{header}{}", no_rows_exception_def())
    }

    fn generate_struct_decl(
        &self,
        struct_name: &str,
        query_name: &str,
        columns: &[ResolvedColumn],
    ) -> Result<String, ScytheError> {
        let mut out = String::new();
        let _ = write!(out, "{}", self.row_type.decorator());
        let _ = writeln!(out, "{}", self.row_type.class_def(struct_name));
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Row type for {} query.\"\"\"", query_name);
        if columns.is_empty() {
            let _ = writeln!(out, "    pass");
        } else {
            let _ = writeln!(out);
            for col in columns {
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    {}: {}", col.field_name, col.full_type);
            }
        }
        Ok(out)
    }

    fn generate_query_fn(
        &self,
        analyzed: &AnalyzedQuery,
        struct_name: &str,
        columns: &[ResolvedColumn],
        params: &[ResolvedParam],
    ) -> Result<String, ScytheError> {
        let func_name = fn_name(&analyzed.name, &self.manifest.naming);
        let mut out = String::new();

        let param_list = params
            .iter()
            .map(|p| format!("{}: {}", p.field_name, p.full_type))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(", ");
        let kw_sep = if param_list.is_empty() { "" } else { ", *, " };

        let sql = crate::sql_literal::escape_python_triple_double(&super::clean_sql_with_optional(
            &analyzed.sql,
            &analyzed.optional_params,
            &analyzed.params,
        ));

        match &analyzed.command {
            QueryCommand::One | QueryCommand::Opt => {
                let is_one = matches!(analyzed.command, QueryCommand::One);
                let ret_type = if is_one {
                    struct_name.to_string()
                } else {
                    format!("{struct_name} | None")
                };
                let _ = writeln!(
                    out,
                    "async def {}(conn: Connection{}{}) -> {}:",
                    func_name, kw_sep, param_list, ret_type
                );
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Execute {} query.\"\"\"", analyzed.name);
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    row = await conn.fetchrow(");
                let _ = writeln!(out, "        \"\"\"{}\"\"\",", sql);
                if !params.is_empty() {
                    let args: Vec<String> = params.iter().map(|p| asyncpg_param_expr(p, &p.field_name)).collect();
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        {},", args.join(", "));
                }
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    )");
                write_missing_row_guard(&mut out, "    ", "row", is_one, &analyzed.name);
                let field_assignments: Vec<String> =
                    columns.iter().map(|col| field_assignment_expr(col, "row")).collect();
                let oneliner = format!("    return {}({})", struct_name, field_assignments.join(", "));
                if oneliner.len() <= 88 {
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "{}", oneliner);
                } else {
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "    return {}(", struct_name);
                    for fa in &field_assignments {
                        let _ = writeln!(out, "        {},", fa);
                    }
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "    )");
                }
            }
            QueryCommand::Many => {
                let _ = writeln!(
                    out,
                    "async def {}(conn: Connection{}{}) -> list[{}]:",
                    func_name, kw_sep, param_list, struct_name
                );
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Execute {} query.\"\"\"", analyzed.name);
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    rows = await conn.fetch(");
                let _ = writeln!(out, "        \"\"\"{}\"\"\",", sql);
                if !params.is_empty() {
                    let args: Vec<String> = params.iter().map(|p| asyncpg_param_expr(p, &p.field_name)).collect();
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        {},", args.join(", "));
                }
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    )");
                let field_assignments: Vec<String> =
                    columns.iter().map(|col| field_assignment_expr(col, "r")).collect();
                let oneliner = format!(
                    "    return [{}({}) for r in rows]",
                    struct_name,
                    field_assignments.join(", ")
                );
                if oneliner.len() <= 88 {
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "{}", oneliner);
                } else {
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "    return [");
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        {}(", struct_name);
                    for fa in &field_assignments {
                        let _ = writeln!(out, "            {},", fa);
                    }
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        )");
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        for r in rows");
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "    ]");
                }
            }
            QueryCommand::Batch => {
                let batch_fn_name = format!("{}_batch", func_name);
                let items_type = if params.len() > 1 {
                    let tuple_types: Vec<String> = params.iter().map(|p| p.full_type.clone()).collect();
                    format!("list[tuple[{}]]", tuple_types.join(", "))
                } else if params.len() == 1 {
                    format!("list[{}]", params[0].full_type)
                } else {
                    "int".to_string()
                };
                let param_name = if params.is_empty() { "count" } else { "items" };
                let _ = writeln!(
                    out,
                    "async def {}(conn: Connection, *, {}: {}) -> None:",
                    batch_fn_name, param_name, items_type
                );
                let _ = writeln!(
                    out,
                    "    \"\"\"Execute {} query for each item in the batch.\"\"\"",
                    analyzed.name
                );
                if params.is_empty() {
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "    for _ in range(count):");
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        await conn.execute(");
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "            \"\"\"{}\"\"\",", sql);
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        )");
                } else {
                    if params.len() == 1 {
                        let item = asyncpg_param_expr(&params[0], "item");
                        let _ = writeln!(out, "    args = [({},) for item in items]", item);
                    } else {
                        let item_fields = params
                            .iter()
                            .enumerate()
                            .map(|(index, param)| asyncpg_param_expr(param, &format!("item[{index}]")))
                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                            .join(", ");
                        let _ = writeln!(out, "    args = [({},) for item in items]", item_fields);
                    }
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "    await conn.executemany(");
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        \"\"\"{}\"\"\",", sql);
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        args,");
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "    )");
                }
            }
            QueryCommand::Exec => {
                let _ = writeln!(
                    out,
                    "async def {}(conn: Connection{}{}) -> None:",
                    func_name, kw_sep, param_list
                );
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Execute {} query.\"\"\"", analyzed.name);
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    await conn.execute(");
                let _ = writeln!(out, "        \"\"\"{}\"\"\",", sql);
                if !params.is_empty() {
                    let args: Vec<String> = params.iter().map(|p| asyncpg_param_expr(p, &p.field_name)).collect();
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        {},", args.join(", "));
                }
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    )");
            }
            QueryCommand::ExecResult | QueryCommand::ExecRows => {
                let _ = writeln!(
                    out,
                    "async def {}(conn: Connection{}{}) -> int:",
                    func_name, kw_sep, param_list
                );
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Execute {} query.\"\"\"", analyzed.name);
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    result = await conn.execute(");
                let _ = writeln!(out, "        \"\"\"{}\"\"\",", sql);
                if !params.is_empty() {
                    let args: Vec<String> = params.iter().map(|p| asyncpg_param_expr(p, &p.field_name)).collect();
                    let _ = writeln!(out, "        {},", args.join(", "));
                }
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    )");
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    return int(result.split()[-1])");
            }
            QueryCommand::Grouped => {
                unreachable!("Grouped command is routed through generate_grouped_query_fn, not generate_query_fn")
            }
        }

        Ok(out)
    }

    fn generate_grouped_structs(
        &self,
        parent_struct_name: &str,
        child_struct_name: &str,
        parent_columns: &[crate::backend_trait::ResolvedColumn],
        child_columns: &[crate::backend_trait::ResolvedColumn],
        _key_column: &str,
    ) -> Result<String, ScytheError> {
        let mut out = String::new();

        let _ = write!(out, "{}", self.row_type.decorator());
        let _ = writeln!(out, "{}", self.row_type.class_def(child_struct_name));
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Child row type for grouped query.\"\"\"");
        if child_columns.is_empty() {
            let _ = writeln!(out, "    pass");
        } else {
            let _ = writeln!(out);
            for col in child_columns {
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    {}: {}", col.field_name, col.full_type);
            }
        }

        let _ = writeln!(out);

        let _ = write!(out, "{}", self.row_type.decorator());
        let _ = writeln!(out, "{}", self.row_type.class_def(parent_struct_name));
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Parent row type for grouped query.\"\"\"");
        let _ = writeln!(out);
        for col in parent_columns {
            let _ = writeln!(out, "    {}: {}", col.field_name, col.full_type);
        }
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    children: list[{child_struct_name}]");

        Ok(out)
    }

    fn generate_grouped_query_fn(
        &self,
        request: &crate::backend_trait::GroupedQueryFn<'_>,
    ) -> Result<String, ScytheError> {
        let analyzed = request.analyzed;
        let parent_struct_name = request.parent_struct_name;
        let child_struct_name = request.child_struct_name;
        let parent_columns = request.parent_columns;
        let child_columns = request.child_columns;
        let params = request.params;
        let key_column = request.key_column;

        let func_name = fn_name(&analyzed.name, &self.manifest.naming);
        let key_field = to_snake_case(key_column);
        let mut out = String::new();

        let param_list = params
            .iter()
            .map(|p| format!("{}: {}", p.field_name, p.full_type))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(", ");
        let kw_sep = if param_list.is_empty() { "" } else { ", *, " };

        let sql = crate::sql_literal::escape_python_triple_double(&super::clean_sql_with_optional(
            &analyzed.sql,
            &analyzed.optional_params,
            &analyzed.params,
        ));

        let _ = writeln!(
            out,
            "async def {func_name}(conn: Connection{kw_sep}{param_list}) -> list[{parent_struct_name}]:"
        );
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Execute {} grouped query.\"\"\"", analyzed.name);
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    rows = await conn.fetch(");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        \"\"\"{sql}\"\"\",");
        if !params.is_empty() {
            let args: Vec<String> = params.iter().map(|p| p.field_name.clone()).collect();
            let _ = writeln!(out, "        {},", args.join(", "));
        }
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    )");

        let _ = writeln!(out, "    _index: dict = {{}}");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    _entries: list = []");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    for row in rows:");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        key = row[\"{key_field}\"]");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        if key not in _index:");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "            _index[key] = len(_entries)");

        let _ = writeln!(out, "            _entries.append((");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "                {{");
        for col in parent_columns {
            let raw = format!("row[\"{}\"]", col.name);
            let value_expr = if col.neutral_type.starts_with("composite::") {
                format!("{}._from_record({raw})", col.lang_type)
            } else if col.neutral_type.starts_with("enum::") {
                if col.nullable {
                    format!("None if {raw} is None else {}({raw})", col.lang_type)
                } else {
                    format!("{}({raw})", col.lang_type)
                }
            } else {
                raw
            };
            let _ = writeln!(out, "                    \"{}\": {value_expr},", col.field_name);
        }
        let _ = writeln!(out, "                }},");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "                [],");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "            ))");

        let _ = writeln!(out, "        _entries[_index[key]][1].append({child_struct_name}(");
        for col in child_columns {
            let _ = writeln!(out, "            {},", field_assignment_expr(col, "row"));
        }
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        ))");

        let _ = writeln!(out, "    return [");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        {parent_struct_name}(**parent_kwargs, children=children)");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        for parent_kwargs, children in _entries");
        let _ = write!(out, "    ]");

        Ok(out)
    }

    fn generate_enum_def(&self, enum_info: &EnumInfo) -> Result<String, ScytheError> {
        let type_name = enum_type_name(&enum_info.sql_name, &self.manifest.naming);
        let mut out = String::new();
        let _ = writeln!(out, "class {}(str, Enum):", type_name);
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Database enum type {}.\"\"\"", enum_info.sql_name);
        if enum_info.values.is_empty() {
            let _ = writeln!(out, "    pass");
        } else {
            let _ = writeln!(out);
            for value in &enum_info.values {
                let variant = enum_variant_name(value, &self.manifest.naming);
                let _ = writeln!(out, "    {} = \"{}\"", variant, value);
            }
        }
        Ok(out)
    }

    fn generate_composite_def(&self, composite: &CompositeInfo) -> Result<String, ScytheError> {
        let name = composite_type_name(&composite.sql_name, &self.manifest.naming);
        let mut out = String::new();
        let _ = write!(out, "{}", self.row_type.decorator());
        let _ = writeln!(out, "{}", self.row_type.class_def(&name));
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    \"\"\"Composite type {}.\"\"\"", composite.sql_name);
        // ~keep board #204: a composite with zero fields cannot exist in PostgreSQL
        // (`CREATE TYPE ... AS ()` is rejected), so there is no reachable runtime value
        // that would need `_from_record` here. Left as the bare stub it always was.
        if composite.fields.is_empty() {
            let _ = writeln!(out, "    pass");
            return Ok(out);
        }
        let _ = writeln!(out);
        let mut base_field_types: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(composite.fields.len());
        for field in &composite.fields {
            let py_type = resolve_type(&field.neutral_type, &self.manifest, field.nullable)
                .map(|t| t.into_owned())
                .map_err(|e| {
                    ScytheError::new(ErrorCode::InternalError, format!("composite field type error: {}", e))
                })?;
            let _ = writeln!(out, "    {}: {}", to_snake_case(&field.name), py_type);
            let base_type = resolve_type(&field.neutral_type, &self.manifest, false)
                .map(|value| value.into_owned())
                .map_err(|error| {
                    ScytheError::new(ErrorCode::InternalError, format!("composite field type error: {error}"))
                })?;
            base_field_types.push(base_type);
        }

        let _ = writeln!(out);
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    @classmethod");
        // ~keep `Any`, not `asyncpg.Record`: the generated module does not import asyncpg (the
        // connection arrives as a parameter), and pyrefly rejects a bare unannotated parameter
        // outright -- the "Validate: Generated Type Checking" job holds every python backend to
        // zero errors.
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    def _from_record(cls, record: Any) -> \"{} | None\":", name);
        let _ = writeln!(
            out,
            "        \"\"\"~keep board #204: asyncpg decodes a composite column to its own"
        );
        let _ = writeln!(
            out,
            "        `Record` (tuple-like, not our declared type) -- wrap it into this class.\"\"\""
        );
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        if record is None:");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "            return None");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        return cls(");
        for (field, base_type) in composite.fields.iter().zip(&base_field_types) {
            let raw = format!("record[\"{}\"]", field.name);
            let value_expr = asyncpg_composite_field_from_record(&field.neutral_type, base_type, &raw, field.nullable);
            let _ = writeln!(out, "            {}={value_expr},", to_snake_case(&field.name));
        }
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        )");
        let encoded_fields = composite
            .fields
            .iter()
            .map(|field| {
                let field_name = to_snake_case(&field.name);
                if field.neutral_type.starts_with("composite::") {
                    format!("None if self.{field_name} is None else self.{field_name}._to_record()")
                } else {
                    format!("self.{field_name}")
                }
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(", ");
        let tuple_suffix = if composite.fields.len() == 1 { "," } else { "" };
        let _ = writeln!(out);
        let _ = writeln!(out, "    def _to_record(self) -> tuple[Any, ...]:");
        let _ = writeln!(out, "        return ({encoded_fields}{tuple_suffix})");
        Ok(out)
    }
}