Skip to main content

sbpf_disassembler/
elf_header.rs

1use {
2    crate::errors::DisassemblerError,
3    object::{Endianness, read::elf::ElfFile64},
4    serde::{Deserialize, Serialize, Serializer},
5    std::str,
6};
7
8pub const EI_MAGIC: [u8; 4] = *b"\x7fELF"; // ELF magic
9pub const EI_CLASS: u8 = 0x02; // 64-bit
10pub const EI_DATA: u8 = 0x01; // Little endian
11pub const EI_VERSION: u8 = 0x01; // Version 1
12pub const EI_OSABI: u8 = 0x00; // System V
13pub const EI_OSABI_LINUX: u8 = 0x03; // Linux/GNU
14pub const EI_ABIVERSION: u8 = 0x00; // No ABI version
15pub const EI_PAD: [u8; 7] = [0u8; 7]; // Padding
16pub const E_TYPE: u16 = 0x03; // ET_DYN - shared object
17pub const E_MACHINE: u16 = 0xf7; // Berkeley Packet Filter
18pub const E_MACHINE_SBPF: u16 = 0x0107; // Solana Berkeley Packet Filter
19pub const E_VERSION: u32 = 0x01; // Original version of BPF
20
21fn elf_magic<S>(magic: &[u8; 4], serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
22where
23    S: Serializer,
24{
25    let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(magic);
26    serializer.serialize_str(&s)
27}
28
29#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
30pub struct ELFHeader {
31    #[serde(serialize_with = "elf_magic")]
32    pub ei_magic: [u8; 4],
33    pub ei_class: u8,
34    pub ei_data: u8,
35    pub ei_version: u8,
36    pub ei_osabi: u8,
37    pub ei_abiversion: u8,
38    pub ei_pad: [u8; 7],
39    pub e_type: u16,
40    pub e_machine: u16,
41    pub e_version: u32,
42    pub e_entry: u64,
43    pub e_phoff: u64,
44    pub e_shoff: u64,
45    pub e_flags: u32,
46    pub e_ehsize: u16,
47    pub e_phentsize: u16,
48    pub e_phnum: u16,
49    pub e_shentsize: u16,
50    pub e_shnum: u16,
51    pub e_shstrndx: u16,
52}
53
54impl ELFHeader {
55    pub fn from_elf_file(elf_file: &ElfFile64<Endianness>) -> Result<Self, Vec<DisassemblerError>> {
56        let endian = elf_file.endian();
57        let elf_header = elf_file.elf_header();
58
59        // Extract ELF header fields.
60        let e_ident = elf_header.e_ident;
61        let e_type = elf_header.e_type.get(endian);
62        let e_machine = elf_header.e_machine.get(endian);
63        let e_version = elf_header.e_version.get(endian);
64        let e_entry = elf_header.e_entry.get(endian);
65        let e_phoff = elf_header.e_phoff.get(endian);
66        let e_shoff = elf_header.e_shoff.get(endian);
67        let e_flags = elf_header.e_flags.get(endian);
68        let e_ehsize = elf_header.e_ehsize.get(endian);
69        let e_phentsize = elf_header.e_phentsize.get(endian);
70        let e_phnum = elf_header.e_phnum.get(endian);
71        let e_shentsize = elf_header.e_shentsize.get(endian);
72        let e_shnum = elf_header.e_shnum.get(endian);
73        let e_shstrndx = elf_header.e_shstrndx.get(endian);
74
75        let mut errors = Vec::new();
76
77        if e_ident.magic != EI_MAGIC {
78            errors.push(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
79                field: "magic",
80                expected: vec![u32::from_be_bytes(EI_MAGIC) as u64],
81                found: u32::from_be_bytes(e_ident.magic) as u64,
82            });
83        }
84
85        if e_ident.class != EI_CLASS {
86            errors.push(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
87                field: "class",
88                expected: vec![EI_CLASS as u64],
89                found: e_ident.class as u64,
90            });
91        }
92
93        if e_ident.data != EI_DATA {
94            errors.push(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
95                field: "data",
96                expected: vec![EI_DATA as u64],
97                found: e_ident.data as u64,
98            });
99        }
100
101        if e_ident.version != EI_VERSION {
102            errors.push(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
103                field: "ident version",
104                expected: vec![EI_VERSION as u64],
105                found: e_ident.version as u64,
106            });
107        }
108
109        if !matches!(e_ident.os_abi, EI_OSABI | EI_OSABI_LINUX) {
110            errors.push(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
111                field: "os abi",
112                expected: vec![EI_OSABI as u64, EI_OSABI_LINUX as u64],
113                found: e_ident.os_abi as u64,
114            });
115        }
116
117        if e_ident.abi_version != EI_ABIVERSION {
118            errors.push(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
119                field: "abi version",
120                expected: vec![EI_ABIVERSION as u64],
121                found: e_ident.abi_version as u64,
122            });
123        }
124
125        if e_ident.padding != EI_PAD {
126            // Pack the 7 padding bytes into a u64 (big-endian, so byte order
127            // is preserved when displayed as hex).
128            let mut found = [0u8; 8];
129            found[1..].copy_from_slice(&e_ident.padding);
130            errors.push(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
131                field: "padding",
132                expected: vec![0],
133                found: u64::from_be_bytes(found),
134            });
135        }
136
137        if e_machine != E_MACHINE && e_machine != E_MACHINE_SBPF {
138            errors.push(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
139                field: "machine",
140                expected: vec![E_MACHINE as u64, E_MACHINE_SBPF as u64],
141                found: e_machine as u64,
142            });
143        }
144
145        if e_version != E_VERSION {
146            errors.push(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
147                field: "version",
148                expected: vec![E_VERSION as u64],
149                found: e_version as u64,
150            });
151        }
152
153        if errors.is_empty() {
154            Ok(ELFHeader {
155                ei_magic: e_ident.magic,
156                ei_class: e_ident.class,
157                ei_data: e_ident.data,
158                ei_version: e_ident.version,
159                ei_osabi: e_ident.os_abi,
160                ei_abiversion: e_ident.abi_version,
161                ei_pad: e_ident.padding,
162                e_type,
163                e_machine,
164                e_version,
165                e_entry,
166                e_phoff,
167                e_shoff,
168                e_flags,
169                e_ehsize,
170                e_phentsize,
171                e_phnum,
172                e_shentsize,
173                e_shnum,
174                e_shstrndx,
175            })
176        } else {
177            Err(errors)
178        }
179    }
180
181    pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
182        let mut b = self.ei_magic.to_vec();
183        b.extend_from_slice(&[
184            self.ei_class,
185            self.ei_data,
186            self.ei_version,
187            self.ei_osabi,
188            self.ei_abiversion,
189        ]);
190        b.extend_from_slice(&self.ei_pad);
191        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_type.to_le_bytes());
192        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_machine.to_le_bytes());
193        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_version.to_le_bytes());
194        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_entry.to_le_bytes());
195        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_phoff.to_le_bytes());
196        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_shoff.to_le_bytes());
197        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_flags.to_le_bytes());
198        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_ehsize.to_le_bytes());
199        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_phentsize.to_le_bytes());
200        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_phnum.to_le_bytes());
201        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_shentsize.to_le_bytes());
202        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_shnum.to_le_bytes());
203        b.extend_from_slice(&self.e_shstrndx.to_le_bytes());
204        b
205    }
206}
207
208#[cfg(test)]
209mod tests {
210    use {
211        super::*,
212        crate::{
213            elf_header::{
214                E_MACHINE, E_MACHINE_SBPF, E_TYPE, E_VERSION, EI_ABIVERSION, EI_CLASS, EI_DATA,
215                EI_MAGIC, EI_OSABI, EI_PAD, EI_VERSION,
216            },
217            errors::DisassemblerError,
218            program::Program,
219        },
220        hex_literal::hex,
221    };
222
223    #[test]
224    fn test_elf_header() {
225        let program = Program::from_bytes(&hex!("7F454C460201010000000000000000000300F700010000002001000000000000400000000000000028020000000000000000000040003800030040000600050001000000050000002001000000000000200100000000000020010000000000003000000000000000300000000000000000100000000000000100000004000000C001000000000000C001000000000000C0010000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000000010000000000000020000000600000050010000000000005001000000000000500100000000000070000000000000007000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007912A000000000007911182900000000B7000000010000002D21010000000000B70000000000000095000000000000001E0000000000000004000000000000000600000000000000C0010000000000000B0000000000000018000000000000000500000000000000F0010000000000000A000000000000000C00000000000000160000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000120001002001000000000000300000000000000000656E747279706F696E7400002E74657874002E64796E737472002E64796E73796D002E64796E616D6963002E73687374727461620000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000010000000600000000000000200100000000000020010000000000003000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000170000000600000003000000000000005001000000000000500100000000000070000000000000000400000000000000080000000000000010000000000000000F0000000B0000000200000000000000C001000000000000C001000000000000300000000000000004000000010000000800000000000000180000000000000007000000030000000200000000000000F001000000000000F0010000000000000C00000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000200000000300000000000000000000000000000000000000FC010000000000002A00000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000")).unwrap();
226
227        // Verify ELF header fields match expected constants.
228        assert_eq!(program.elf_header.ei_magic, EI_MAGIC);
229        assert_eq!(program.elf_header.ei_class, EI_CLASS);
230        assert_eq!(program.elf_header.ei_data, EI_DATA);
231        assert_eq!(program.elf_header.ei_version, EI_VERSION);
232        assert_eq!(program.elf_header.ei_osabi, EI_OSABI);
233        assert_eq!(program.elf_header.ei_abiversion, EI_ABIVERSION);
234        assert_eq!(program.elf_header.ei_pad, EI_PAD);
235        assert_eq!(program.elf_header.e_type, E_TYPE);
236        assert!(
237            program.elf_header.e_machine == E_MACHINE_SBPF
238                || program.elf_header.e_machine == E_MACHINE
239        );
240        assert_eq!(program.elf_header.e_version, E_VERSION);
241    }
242
243    #[test]
244    fn test_elf_header_to_bytes() {
245        let header = ELFHeader {
246            ei_magic: EI_MAGIC,
247            ei_class: EI_CLASS,
248            ei_data: EI_DATA,
249            ei_version: EI_VERSION,
250            ei_osabi: EI_OSABI,
251            ei_abiversion: EI_ABIVERSION,
252            ei_pad: EI_PAD,
253            e_type: 0x03,
254            e_machine: 0xf7,
255            e_version: 0x01,
256            e_entry: 0x120,
257            e_phoff: 64,
258            e_shoff: 552,
259            e_flags: 0,
260            e_ehsize: 64,
261            e_phentsize: 56,
262            e_phnum: 3,
263            e_shentsize: 64,
264            e_shnum: 6,
265            e_shstrndx: 5,
266        };
267
268        let bytes = header.to_bytes();
269        assert_eq!(bytes.len(), 64);
270        assert_eq!(&bytes[0..4], &EI_MAGIC);
271        assert_eq!(bytes[4], EI_CLASS);
272        assert_eq!(bytes[5], EI_DATA);
273        assert_eq!(bytes[6], EI_VERSION);
274        assert_eq!(bytes[7], EI_OSABI);
275        assert_eq!(bytes[8], EI_ABIVERSION);
276        assert_eq!(&bytes[9..16], &EI_PAD);
277    }
278
279    #[test]
280    fn test_elf_header_validation_errors() {
281        // Test invalid ELF headers
282
283        // Invalid magic.
284        let invalid_magic = hex!(
285            "00454C460201010000000000000000000300F700010000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000040003800000000000000000000"
286        );
287        let err = Program::from_bytes(&invalid_magic).unwrap_err();
288        assert!(
289            matches!(err.as_slice(), [DisassemblerError::InvalidElfFile { .. }]),
290            "expected InvalidElfFile, got {err:?}"
291        );
292
293        // Invalid class (not 64-bit).
294        let invalid_class = hex!(
295            "7F454C460101010000000000000000000300F700010000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000040003800000000000000000000"
296        );
297        let err = Program::from_bytes(&invalid_class).unwrap_err();
298        assert!(
299            matches!(err.as_slice(), [DisassemblerError::InvalidElfFile { .. }]),
300            "expected InvalidElfFile, got {err:?}"
301        );
302
303        // Invalid endianness (big endian instead of little).
304        let invalid_endian = hex!(
305            "7F454C460202010000000000000000000300F700010000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000040003800000000000000000000"
306        );
307        let errors = Program::from_bytes(&invalid_endian).unwrap_err();
308        match errors.first() {
309            Some(DisassemblerError::NonStandardElfHeader {
310                field,
311                expected,
312                found,
313            }) => {
314                assert_eq!(*field, "data");
315                assert_eq!(*expected, vec![EI_DATA as u64]);
316                assert_eq!(*found, 0x02);
317            }
318            other => panic!("expected NonStandardElfHeader for data, got {other:?}"),
319        }
320    }
321}