rustyscript 0.5.1

Effortless JS Integration for Rust
Documentation
## Effortless JS Integration for Rust


[![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/rustyscript.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/rustyscript)
[![Build Status](https://github.com/rscarson/rustyscript/workflows/Rust/badge.svg)](https://github.com/rscarson/rustyscript/actions?query=branch%3Amaster)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rscarson/rustyscript/master/LICENSE)

<!-- cargo-rdme start -->


This crate is meant to provide a quick and simple way to integrate a runtime javacript or typescript component from within rust.

It uses the v8 engine through the deno_core crate, and is meant to be as simple as possible to use without sacrificing flexibility or performance.

I also have attempted to abstract away the v8 engine details so you can for the most part operate directly on rust types.

- **By default, the code being run is entirely sandboxed from the host, having no filesystem or network access.**
    - It can be extended to include those capabilities and more if desired - please see the 'web' feature, and the 'runtime_extensions' example
- Asynchronous JS code is supported (I suggest using the timeout option when creating your runtime)
- Loaded JS modules can import other modules
- Typescript is supported by default, and will be transpiled into JS for execution

----

Here is a very basic use of this crate to execute a JS module. It will:
- Create a basic runtime
- Load a javascript module,
- Call a function registered as the entrypoint
- Return the resulting value
```rust
use rustyscript::{json_args, Runtime, Module, Error};

let module = Module::new(
    "test.js",
    "
    rustyscript.register_entrypoint(
        (string, integer) => {
            console.log(`Hello world: string=${string}, integer=${integer}`);
            return 2;
        }
    )
    "
);

let value: usize = Runtime::execute_module(
    &module, vec![],
    Default::default(),
    json_args!("test", 5)
)?;

assert_eq!(value, 2);
```

Modules can also be loaded from the filesystem with [Module::load] or [Module::load_dir] if you want to collect all modules in a given directory.

----

If all you need is the result of a single javascript expression, you can use:
```rust
let result: i64 = rustyscript::evaluate("5 + 5").expect("The expression was invalid!");
```

Or to just import a single module for use:
```rust
use rustyscript::{json_args, import};
let mut module = import("js/my_module.js").expect("Something went wrong!");
let value: String = module.call("exported_function_name", json_args!()).expect("Could not get a value!");
```

There are a few other utilities included, such as [validate] and [resolve_path]

----

A more detailed version of the crate's usage can be seen below, which breaks down the steps instead of using the one-liner [Runtime::execute_module]:
```rust
use rustyscript::{json_args, Runtime, RuntimeOptions, Module, Error, Undefined};
use std::time::Duration;

let module = Module::new(
    "test.js",
    "
    let internalValue = 0;
    export const load = (value) => internalValue = value;
    export const getValue = () => internalValue;
    "
);

// Create a new runtime
let mut runtime = Runtime::new(RuntimeOptions {
    timeout: Duration::from_millis(50), // Stop execution by force after 50ms
    default_entrypoint: Some("load".to_string()), // Run this as the entrypoint function if none is registered
    ..Default::default()
})?;

// The handle returned is used to get exported functions and values from that module.
// We then call the entrypoint function, but do not need a return value.
//Load can be called multiple times, and modules can import other loaded modules
// Using `import './filename.js'`
let module_handle = runtime.load_module(&module)?;
runtime.call_entrypoint::<Undefined>(&module_handle, json_args!(2))?;

// Functions don't need to be the entrypoint to be callable!
let internal_value: i64 = runtime.call_function(Some(&module_handle), "getValue", json_args!())?;
```

There are also '_async' and 'immediate' versions of most runtime functions;
'_async' functions return a future that resolves to the result of the operation, while
'_immediate' functions will make no attempt to wait for the event loop, making them suitable
for using [crate::js_value::Promise]

Rust functions can also be registered to be called from javascript:
```rust
use rustyscript::{ Runtime, Module, serde_json::Value };

let module = Module::new("test.js", " rustyscript.functions.foo(); ");
let mut runtime = Runtime::new(Default::default())?;
runtime.register_function("foo", |args| {
    if let Some(value) = args.get(0) {
        println!("called with: {}", value);
    }
    Ok(Value::Null)
})?;
runtime.load_module(&module)?;
```

----

Asynchronous JS can be called in 2 ways;

The first is to use the 'async' keyword in JS, and then call the function using [Runtime::call_function_async]
```rust
use rustyscript::{ Runtime, Module, json_args };

let module = Module::new("test.js", "export async function foo() { return 5; }");
let mut runtime = Runtime::new(Default::default())?;

// The runtime has its own tokio runtime; you can get a handle to it with [Runtime::tokio_runtime]
// You can also build the runtime with your own tokio runtime, see [Runtime::with_tokio_runtime]
let tokio_runtime = runtime.tokio_runtime();

let result: i32 = tokio_runtime.block_on(async {
    // Top-level await is supported - we can load modules asynchronously
    let handle = runtime.load_module_async(&module).await?;

    // Call the function asynchronously
    runtime.call_function_async(Some(&handle), "foo", json_args!()).await
})?;

assert_eq!(result, 5);
```

The second is to use [crate::js_value::Promise]
```rust
use rustyscript::{ Runtime, Module, js_value::Promise, json_args };

let module = Module::new("test.js", "export async function foo() { return 5; }");

let mut runtime = Runtime::new(Default::default())?;
let handle = runtime.load_module(&module)?;

// We call the function without waiting for the event loop to run, or for the promise to resolve
// This way we can store it and wait for it later, without blocking the event loop or borrowing the runtime
let result: Promise<i32> = runtime.call_function_immediate(Some(&handle), "foo", json_args!())?;

// We can then wait for the promise to resolve
// We can do so asynchronously, using [crate::js_value::Promise::into_future]
// But we can also block the current thread:
let result = result.into_value(&mut runtime)?;
assert_eq!(result, 5);
```

- See [Runtime::register_async_function] for registering and calling async rust from JS
- See 'examples/async_javascript.rs' for a more detailed example of using async JS

----

For better performance calling rust code, consider using an extension instead of a module - see the 'runtime_extensions' example for details

----

A threaded worker can be used to run code in a separate thread, or to allow multiple concurrent runtimes.

the [worker] module provides a simple interface to create and interact with workers.
The [worker::InnerWorker] trait can be implemented to provide custom worker behavior.

It also provides a default worker implementation that can be used without any additional setup:
```rust
use rustyscript::{Error, worker::{Worker, DefaultWorker, DefaultWorkerOptions}};
use std::time::Duration;

fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
    let worker = DefaultWorker::new(DefaultWorkerOptions {
        default_entrypoint: None,
        timeout: Duration::from_secs(5),
    })?;

    let result: i32 = worker.eval("5 + 5".to_string())?;
    assert_eq!(result, 10);
    Ok(())
}
```

----

#### Utility Functions

These functions provide simple one-liner access to common features of this crate:
- evaluate; Evaluate a single JS expression and return the resulting value
- import; Get a handle to a JS module from which you can get exported values and functions
- resolve_path; Resolve a relative path to the current working dir
- validate; Validate the syntax of a JS expression
- init_platform; Initialize the V8 platform for multi-threaded applications

#### Crate features

The table below lists the available features for this crate. Features marked at `Preserves Sandbox: NO` break isolation between loaded JS modules and the host system.
Use with caution.

More details on the features can be found in `Cargo.toml`

Please note that the 'web' feature will also enable fs_import and url_import, allowing arbitrary filesystem and network access for import statements
- This is because the deno_web crate allows both fetch and FS reads already

| Feature        | Description                                                                                       | Preserves Sandbox| Dependencies                                                                    |  
|----------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|cache           |Implements the Cache API for Deno                                                                  |**NO**            |deno_cache, deno_webidl, deno_web, deno_crypto, deno_fetch, deno_url, deno_net   |
|console         |Provides `console.*` functionality from JS                                                         |yes               |deno_console                                                                     |
|crypto          |Provides `crypto.*` functionality from JS                                                          |yes               |deno_crypto, deno_webidl                                                         |
|url             |Provides the URL, and URLPattern APIs from within JS                                               |yes               |deno_webidl, deno_url                                                            |
|io              |Provides IO primitives such as stdio streams and abstraction over File System files.               |**NO**            |deno_io, rustyline, winapi, nix, libc, once_cell                                 |
|web             |Provides the Event, TextEncoder, TextDecoder, File, Web Cryptography, and fetch APIs from within JS|**NO**            |deno_webidl, deno_web, deno_crypto, deno_fetch, deno_url, deno_net               |
|webstorage      |Provides the WebStorage API                                                                        |**NO**            |deno_webidl, deno_webstorage                                                     |
|webidl          |Provides the webidl API                                                                            |yes               |deno_webidl                                                                      |
|                |                                                                                                   |                  |                                                                                 |
|default         |Provides only those extensions that preserve sandboxing                                            |yes               |deno_console, deno_crypto, deno_webidl, deno_url                                 |
|no_extensions   |Disables all extensions to the JS runtime - you can still add your own extensions in this mode     |yes               |None                                                                             |
|all             |Provides all available functionality                                                               |**NO**            |deno_console, deno_webidl, deno_web, deno_net, deno_crypto, deno_fetch, deno_url |
|                |                                                                                                   |                  |                                                                                 |
|fs_import       |Enables importing arbitrary code from the filesystem through JS                                    |**NO**            |None                                                                             |
|url_import      |Enables importing arbitrary code from network locations through JS                                 |**NO**            |reqwest                                                                          |
|                |                                                                                                   |                  |                                                                                 |
|worker          |Enables access to the threaded worker API [worker]                                                 |yes               |None                                                                             |
|snapshot_builder|Enables access to [SnapshotBuilder], a runtime for creating snapshots that can improve start-times |yes               |None                                                                             |
|web_stub        |Enables a subset of `web` features that do not break sandboxing                                    |yes               |deno_webidl                                                                      |

----

Please also check out [@Bromeon/js_sandbox](https://github.com/Bromeon/js-sandbox), another great crate in this niche

<!-- cargo-rdme end -->