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// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2026 Mike Li/Mikewolfli/Wei Li(mikewolfli@163.com)
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
//! Linux IME bridge — in-process composition state with optional IBus probe.
//!
//! The bridge tracks marked text, cursor position, focus and composition
//! state, and (when the `linux-a11y`/zbus feature is active) probes the IBus
//! daemon over DBus to detect availability.
//!
//! **Protocol status**: the full IBus *engine* protocol (CreateInputContext,
//! ProcessKeyEvent round-trips, preedit streaming from the daemon) is not
//! wired here; that requires the active engine context, which this bridge
//! does not own. Commit/preedit operations are therefore modeled in-process
//! and published through the [`ImeBridge`](crate::platform::ime::ImeBridge) state, which the compositor or
//! host toolkit layer consumes.
#![cfg(target_os = "linux")]
use crate::core::ObjectId;
use crate::platform::ime::{ImeBridge, ImeCandidatePosition, ImeComposition};
use std::sync::Mutex;
// ──────────────────────────────────────────────
// IBus connection handle (feature-gated).
// ──────────────────────────────────────────────
/// Real IBus DBus proxy connection plus its input context.
///
/// Connects to the session bus, resolves the IBus service, and creates an
/// `org.freedesktop.IBus.InputContext` on the `org.freedesktop.IBus` interface.
/// The input context is the object the engine protocol operates on
/// (`FocusIn`/`FocusOut`/`SetCursorLocation`/`ProcessKeyEvent`), so holding it
/// is what turns the bridge from a state model into a real IME client.
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
struct IbusConnection {
/// Active zbus session connection.
connection: zbus::Connection,
/// Object path of the input context owned by this connection.
///
/// IBus destroys the context when the owning bus connection drops, which is
/// why the connection is held here for the bridge's lifetime.
input_context_path: String,
}
/// IBus input-context interface name.
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
const IBUS_IC_INTERFACE: &str = "org.freedesktop.IBus.InputContext";
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
impl IbusConnection {
/// Attempt to connect to the IBus daemon and create an input context.
///
/// Uses the `org.freedesktop.IBus` well-known name on the session bus.
/// If the IBus daemon is not running, the session bus is unavailable, or
/// `CreateInputContext` fails, this returns `None` and the bridge falls
/// back to state-machine mode.
fn try_connect() -> Option<Self> {
// Connect to the DBus session bus.
let conn = pollster::block_on(zbus::Connection::session()).ok()?;
let (owner, context_path): (String, String) = pollster::block_on(async {
// Resolve the IBus daemon on the session bus.
let dbus = zbus::Proxy::new(
&conn,
"org.freedesktop.DBus",
"/org/freedesktop/DBus",
"org.freedesktop.DBus",
)
.await
.ok()?;
// `GetNameOwner` returns a plain string (`s`), not a variant (`v`);
// asking for `OwnedValue` fails the signature check and makes the
// whole probe silently report "IBus unavailable".
let owner: String = dbus.call("GetNameOwner", &("org.freedesktop.IBus",)).await.ok()?;
// Create an input context owned by this connection.
let ibus = zbus::Proxy::new(
&conn,
"org.freedesktop.IBus",
"/org/freedesktop/IBus",
"org.freedesktop.IBus",
)
.await
.ok()?;
let path: zbus::zvariant::OwnedObjectPath =
ibus.call("CreateInputContext", &("rust_widgets",)).await.ok()?;
Some((owner, path.to_string()))
})?;
log::info!("[Linux IME] IBus connected (owner: {owner}); input context: {context_path}");
Some(IbusConnection { connection: conn, input_context_path: context_path })
}
/// Invoke a void method on this connection's input context with no arguments.
fn call_input_context_no_args(&self, method: &str) -> bool {
let conn = self.connection.clone();
let path = self.input_context_path.clone();
let method = method.to_string();
pollster::block_on(async move {
let proxy =
zbus::Proxy::new(&conn, "org.freedesktop.IBus", path.as_str(), IBUS_IC_INTERFACE)
.await
.ok()?;
match proxy.call_method(method.as_str(), &()).await {
Ok(_) => Some(()),
Err(e) => {
log::warn!("[Linux IME] IBus {method} call failed: {e}");
None
}
}
})
.is_some()
}
/// Invoke a void method on this connection's input context with one `u` argument.
fn call_input_context_u(&self, method: &str, arg: u32) -> bool {
let conn = self.connection.clone();
let path = self.input_context_path.clone();
let method = method.to_string();
pollster::block_on(async move {
let proxy =
zbus::Proxy::new(&conn, "org.freedesktop.IBus", path.as_str(), IBUS_IC_INTERFACE)
.await
.ok()?;
match proxy.call_method(method.as_str(), &(arg,)).await {
Ok(_) => Some(()),
Err(e) => {
log::warn!("[Linux IME] IBus {method} call failed: {e}");
None
}
}
})
.is_some()
}
/// Invoke a void method on this connection's input context with four `i` args.
fn call_input_context_iiii(&self, method: &str, a: i32, b: i32, c: i32, d: i32) -> bool {
let conn = self.connection.clone();
let path = self.input_context_path.clone();
let method = method.to_string();
pollster::block_on(async move {
let proxy =
zbus::Proxy::new(&conn, "org.freedesktop.IBus", path.as_str(), IBUS_IC_INTERFACE)
.await
.ok()?;
match proxy.call_method(method.as_str(), &(a, b, c, d)).await {
Ok(_) => Some(()),
Err(e) => {
log::warn!("[Linux IME] IBus {method} call failed: {e}");
None
}
}
})
.is_some()
}
/// Set input capabilities advertised to the engine.
///
/// Signature: `SetCapabilities(u)`. `IBUS_CAP_PREEDIT_TEXT | IBUS_CAP_FOCUS`
/// (1 | 4 = 5) tells the engine we can display preedit text and track focus,
/// which is what the bridge models.
fn set_capabilities(&self, flags: u32) -> bool {
self.call_input_context_u("SetCapabilities", flags)
}
/// Notify the engine that focus entered the input context.
///
/// Signature: `FocusIn()` — takes no arguments.
fn focus_in(&self) -> bool {
self.call_input_context_no_args("FocusIn")
}
/// Notify the engine that focus left the input context.
///
/// Signature: `FocusOut()` — takes no arguments.
fn focus_out(&self) -> bool {
self.call_input_context_no_args("FocusOut")
}
/// Tell the engine where the insertion point is (candidate window anchor).
///
/// Signature: `SetCursorLocation(iiii)` in screen coordinates.
fn set_cursor_location(&self, x: i32, y: i32, w: u32, h: u32) -> bool {
self.call_input_context_iiii("SetCursorLocation", x, y, w as i32, h as i32)
}
/// Forward a key event to the engine.
///
/// Signature: `ProcessKeyEvent(uuu)` returning `b`. `keyval`/`keycode`
/// follow the X11 conventions IBus expects; `state` is the X11 modifier
/// mask. Returns `Some(true)` when the engine consumed the event (it is
/// composing and will deliver preedit/commit as signals), `Some(false)`
/// when it declined and the key should be handled locally, and `None` when
/// the call itself failed (engine/connection gone).
fn process_key_event(&self, keyval: u32, keycode: u32, state: u32) -> Option<bool> {
let conn = self.connection.clone();
let path = self.input_context_path.clone();
pollster::block_on(async move {
let proxy =
zbus::Proxy::new(&conn, "org.freedesktop.IBus", path.as_str(), IBUS_IC_INTERFACE)
.await
.ok()?;
match proxy.call_method("ProcessKeyEvent", &(keyval, keycode, state)).await {
Ok(reply) => reply.body().deserialize::<bool>().ok(),
Err(e) => {
log::warn!("[Linux IME] IBus ProcessKeyEvent call failed: {e}");
None
}
}
})
}
}
/// `IBUS_CAP_PREEDIT_TEXT | IBUS_CAP_FOCUS`.
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
const IBUS_CAP_PREEDIT_TEXT_FOCUS: u32 = 1 | 4;
// ──────────────────────────────────────────────
// Bridge struct
// ──────────────────────────────────────────────
/// Linux IME bridge backed by state tracking and optional IBus DBus
/// integration.
pub struct LinuxImeBridge {
/// The widget that currently has IME focus.
focused_widget: Mutex<Option<ObjectId>>,
/// Whether the IME session is active.
active: Mutex<bool>,
// ── Composition / marked-text state ──
/// Current preedit (marked) text string.
marked_text: Mutex<String>,
/// Cursor position within the composition (byte offset).
cursor_pos: Mutex<usize>,
/// Last insertion-point rectangle in screen coordinates.
cursor_rect: Mutex<(i32, i32, u32, u32)>,
/// Last requested candidate window position.
candidate_position: Mutex<ImeCandidatePosition>,
// ── Native IBus handle ──
/// Whether an IBus connection was successfully established (probe result).
ibus_available: Mutex<bool>,
/// Opaque IBus session-bus connection plus its input context.
///
/// Held open for the bridge's lifetime: IBus destroys the input context as
/// soon as the owning bus connection drops, so this is also the keep-alive.
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
ibus_connection: Mutex<Option<IbusConnection>>,
}
impl Default for LinuxImeBridge {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::new()
}
}
impl LinuxImeBridge {
/// Create a new Linux IME bridge.
///
/// When the `linux-a11y` feature (zbus) is active, this attempts to
/// connect to the IBus daemon. On failure or in headless builds it
/// falls back to pure state tracking.
pub fn new() -> Self {
let ibus_avail: bool;
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
let ibus_connection: Option<IbusConnection>;
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
{
match IbusConnection::try_connect() {
Some(c) => {
ibus_avail = true;
ibus_connection = Some(c);
}
None => {
ibus_avail = false;
ibus_connection = None;
}
}
}
#[cfg(not(feature = "linux-a11y"))]
{
ibus_avail = false;
}
Self {
focused_widget: Mutex::new(None),
active: Mutex::new(false),
marked_text: Mutex::new(String::new()),
cursor_pos: Mutex::new(0),
cursor_rect: Mutex::new((0, 0, 0, 0)),
candidate_position: Mutex::new(ImeCandidatePosition { x: 0, y: 0 }),
ibus_available: Mutex::new(ibus_avail),
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
ibus_connection: Mutex::new(ibus_connection),
}
}
/// Whether the IBus daemon was reachable when the bridge was created.
pub fn is_ibus_available(&self) -> bool {
*self.ibus_available.lock().unwrap()
}
// ── Native IME interface (exposed for platform event dispatch) ──
/// Set the cursor (insertion-point) rectangle — tells IBus where
/// to place the candidate popup.
///
/// Forwards to `SetCursorLocation` on the IBus input context when IBus is
/// connected, and always records the rectangle locally so candidate
/// placement works without a daemon too.
pub fn set_cursor_rect(&self, x: i32, y: i32, w: u32, h: u32) {
log::debug!("[Linux IME] set_cursor_rect: x={x}, y={y}, w={w}, h={h}");
*self.cursor_rect.lock().unwrap() = (x, y, w, h);
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
if let Some(conn) = self.ibus_connection.lock().unwrap().as_ref() {
if !conn.set_cursor_location(x, y, w, h) {
log::warn!("[Linux IME] SetCursorLocation failed (engine may be gone)");
}
}
}
/// Process a raw key event through the IBus IME subsystem.
///
/// Returns `Some(text)` for committed text, `None` if consumed for
/// composition.
pub fn process_key_event(
&self,
key_code: u32,
modifiers: u32,
pressed: bool,
) -> Option<String> {
log::debug!(
"[Linux IME] process_key_event: key={key_code}, mods={modifiers:#x}, pressed={pressed}",
);
// Forward to the engine first: IBus decides whether the key is consumed
// for composition or passed through, and delivers preedit/commit back
// through signals. Only when no engine consumed the key do we fall back
// to the local printable-ASCII passthrough.
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
if pressed {
let consumed = {
let guard = self.ibus_connection.lock().unwrap();
guard
.as_ref()
.and_then(|conn| conn.process_key_event(key_code, key_code, modifiers))
};
if consumed == Some(true) {
// The engine owns the decision; preedit/commit arrive as signals.
return None;
}
}
if self.has_marked_text() {
// During composition, IBus consumes all key events.
return None;
}
if !pressed {
return None;
}
// Printable ASCII passthrough.
if (0x20..=0x7e).contains(&key_code) {
let ch = char::from_u32(key_code)?;
let final_char = if modifiers & 0x02 != 0 { ch.to_ascii_uppercase() } else { ch };
return Some(final_char.to_string());
}
if key_code == 0x0d || key_code == 0x03 {
return Some("\n".to_string());
}
if key_code == 0x09 {
return Some("\t".to_string());
}
None
}
/// Set marked (preedit) text with selection endpoints.
///
/// `sel_start` / `sel_end` are byte offsets within the composition.
/// `-1` for both indicates cursor at end.
pub fn set_marked_text(&self, text: &str, sel_start: i32, sel_end: i32) {
log::debug!("[Linux IME] set_marked_text: '{text}'");
let len = text.len();
let cursor = if sel_start >= 0 && sel_end >= 0 {
sel_end.min(len as i32).max(0) as usize
} else {
len
};
*self.marked_text.lock().unwrap() = text.to_string();
*self.cursor_pos.lock().unwrap() = cursor;
}
/// Get the current marked (preedit) text, if any.
pub fn get_marked_text(&self) -> Option<String> {
let text = self.marked_text.lock().unwrap();
if text.is_empty() {
None
} else {
Some(text.clone())
}
}
/// Returns `true` when there is an active composition.
pub fn has_marked_text(&self) -> bool {
!self.marked_text.lock().unwrap().is_empty()
}
/// Discard the current composition without committing.
pub fn discard_marked_text(&self) {
log::debug!("[Linux IME] discard_marked_text");
*self.marked_text.lock().unwrap() = String::new();
*self.cursor_pos.lock().unwrap() = 0;
}
/// Clear internal composition state (shared helper).
fn clear_composition(&self) {
*self.marked_text.lock().unwrap() = String::new();
*self.cursor_pos.lock().unwrap() = 0;
}
}
// ──────────────────────────────────────────────
// ImeBridge trait implementation
// ──────────────────────────────────────────────
impl ImeBridge for LinuxImeBridge {
fn focus_in(&self, widget_id: ObjectId) {
*self.focused_widget.lock().unwrap() = Some(widget_id);
*self.active.lock().unwrap() = true;
log::info!("[Linux IME] focus_in: widget={widget_id}");
// Announce capabilities once per connection, then focus the engine so it
// starts composing into this context.
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
if let Some(conn) = self.ibus_connection.lock().unwrap().as_ref() {
conn.set_capabilities(IBUS_CAP_PREEDIT_TEXT_FOCUS);
if !conn.focus_in() {
log::warn!("[Linux IME] IBus FocusIn failed (engine may be gone)");
}
}
}
fn focus_out(&self, widget_id: ObjectId) {
*self.focused_widget.lock().unwrap() = None;
*self.active.lock().unwrap() = false;
self.clear_composition();
log::info!("[Linux IME] focus_out: widget={widget_id}");
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
if let Some(conn) = self.ibus_connection.lock().unwrap().as_ref() {
if !conn.focus_out() {
log::warn!("[Linux IME] IBus FocusOut failed (engine may be gone)");
}
}
}
fn commit_text(&self, text: &str) {
log::info!("[Linux IME] commit_text: '{text}'");
self.clear_composition();
}
fn set_composition(&self, composition: &ImeComposition) {
log::debug!("[Linux IME] set_composition: '{}'", composition.text);
let text = &composition.text;
let len = text.len();
let cursor = composition.cursor_position.min(len);
*self.marked_text.lock().unwrap() = text.to_string();
*self.cursor_pos.lock().unwrap() = cursor;
}
fn set_candidate_window_position(&self, position: ImeCandidatePosition) {
log::debug!("[Linux IME] set_candidate_window_position: ({}, {})", position.x, position.y);
*self.candidate_position.lock().unwrap() = position;
}
fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
*self.active.lock().unwrap()
}
}
// ──────────────────────────────────────────────
// Tests
// ──────────────────────────────────────────────
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use crate::platform::ime::ImeComposition;
#[test]
fn test_focus_in_out() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
assert!(!bridge.is_active());
assert!(bridge.focused_widget.lock().unwrap().is_none());
bridge.focus_in(42);
assert!(bridge.is_active());
assert_eq!(*bridge.focused_widget.lock().unwrap(), Some(42));
bridge.focus_out(42);
assert!(!bridge.is_active());
assert!(bridge.focused_widget.lock().unwrap().is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_commit_text_clears_composition() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
bridge.set_marked_text("hello", 5, 5);
assert!(bridge.has_marked_text());
bridge.commit_text("hello");
assert!(!bridge.has_marked_text());
assert_eq!(bridge.get_marked_text(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_commit_text_via_trait() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
bridge.set_marked_text("你好", 6, 6);
assert!(bridge.has_marked_text());
ImeBridge::commit_text(&bridge, "你好");
assert!(!bridge.has_marked_text());
}
#[test]
fn test_set_composition_trait() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
let comp = ImeComposition {
text: "composing".to_string(),
cursor_position: 5,
selection_length: 0,
};
bridge.set_composition(&comp);
assert!(bridge.has_marked_text());
assert_eq!(bridge.get_marked_text(), Some("composing".to_string()));
assert_eq!(*bridge.cursor_pos.lock().unwrap(), 5);
}
#[test]
fn test_set_composition_empty_clears() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
bridge.set_marked_text("something", 5, 0);
let empty = ImeComposition::default();
bridge.set_composition(&empty);
assert!(!bridge.has_marked_text());
}
#[test]
fn test_discard_marked_text() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
bridge.set_marked_text("你好世界", 4, 8);
assert!(bridge.has_marked_text());
assert_eq!(*bridge.cursor_pos.lock().unwrap(), 8);
bridge.discard_marked_text();
assert!(!bridge.has_marked_text());
assert_eq!(bridge.get_marked_text(), None);
assert_eq!(*bridge.cursor_pos.lock().unwrap(), 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_is_active_after_events() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
assert!(!bridge.is_active());
bridge.focus_in(1);
assert!(bridge.is_active());
bridge.focus_out(1);
assert!(!bridge.is_active());
}
#[test]
fn test_process_key_event_no_composition() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
// 'A' with shift
let result = bridge.process_key_event(0x61, 0x02, true);
assert_eq!(result, Some("A".to_string()));
// 'a' no shift
let result = bridge.process_key_event(0x61, 0x00, true);
assert_eq!(result, Some("a".to_string()));
// Enter
let result = bridge.process_key_event(0x0d, 0x00, true);
assert_eq!(result, Some("\n".to_string()));
// Escape (function key) => None
let result = bridge.process_key_event(0x1b, 0x00, true);
assert_eq!(result, None);
}
#[test]
fn test_process_key_event_during_composition() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
bridge.set_marked_text(" composing", 10, 0);
let result = bridge.process_key_event(0x61, 0x00, true);
assert_eq!(result, None);
}
#[test]
fn test_process_key_event_released() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
let result = bridge.process_key_event(0x61, 0x00, false);
assert_eq!(result, None);
}
#[test]
fn test_set_candidate_window_position() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
bridge.set_candidate_window_position(ImeCandidatePosition { x: 100, y: 200 });
assert_eq!(
*bridge.candidate_position.lock().unwrap(),
ImeCandidatePosition { x: 100, y: 200 }
);
}
#[test]
fn test_focus_out_discards_composition() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
bridge.set_marked_text("pending", 7, 0);
assert!(bridge.has_marked_text());
bridge.focus_out(1);
assert!(!bridge.has_marked_text());
assert!(!bridge.is_active());
}
#[test]
fn test_set_cursor_rect() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
bridge.set_cursor_rect(10, 20, 100, 30);
assert_eq!(*bridge.cursor_rect.lock().unwrap(), (10, 20, 100, 30));
}
#[test]
fn test_ibus_availability_matches_feature() {
// Without `linux-a11y` there is no DBus probe, so IBus must be reported
// unavailable. With the feature the result depends on whether a session
// bus and IBus daemon are reachable, so assert the consistency of the
// reported flag with the feature gate rather than a fixed value.
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
#[cfg(not(feature = "linux-a11y"))]
assert!(!bridge.is_ibus_available(), "no linux-a11y feature => no IBus probe");
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
{
// `is_ibus_available` reflects whether an input context was created;
// the call must not panic regardless of the host environment.
let _ = bridge.is_ibus_available();
}
}
/// End-to-end check against a real IBus daemon.
///
/// Runs only when `linux-a11y` is on and an IBus service owns
/// `org.freedesktop.IBus` on the session bus. It asserts the bridge created
/// an input context and that every engine-protocol call
/// (`SetCapabilities`, `FocusIn`, `SetCursorLocation`, `ProcessKeyEvent`,
/// `FocusOut`) is accepted by the daemon with its real D-Bus signature.
///
/// Note on `ProcessKeyEvent`: the default `keyboard-us` engine *declines*
/// plain ASCII (returns `false`) and only consumes keys while composing, so
/// the test asserts the call is accepted rather than that it was consumed.
#[cfg(feature = "linux-a11y")]
#[test]
fn test_real_ibus_input_context_when_daemon_present() {
let bridge = LinuxImeBridge::new();
if !bridge.is_ibus_available() {
// No IBus on this host/CI runner: nothing to verify, and silently
// passing would overstate coverage, so say so explicitly.
eprintln!("skipped: no IBus daemon on the session bus");
return;
}
let context_path = {
let guard = bridge.ibus_connection.lock().unwrap();
guard.as_ref().expect("available implies a connection").input_context_path.clone()
};
assert!(
context_path.starts_with("/org/freedesktop/IBus/InputContext_"),
"unexpected input-context path: {context_path}"
);
// Every engine call must be accepted by the daemon.
{
let guard = bridge.ibus_connection.lock().unwrap();
let conn = guard.as_ref().unwrap();
assert!(conn.set_capabilities(IBUS_CAP_PREEDIT_TEXT_FOCUS), "SetCapabilities");
assert!(conn.focus_in(), "FocusIn");
assert!(conn.set_cursor_location(10, 20, 100, 30), "SetCursorLocation");
assert!(
conn.process_key_event('a' as u32, 38, 0).is_some(),
"ProcessKeyEvent must reach the engine"
);
assert!(conn.focus_out(), "FocusOut");
}
// The bridge-level path must also reach the engine (no silent fallback
// to the local state machine while an engine is attached).
bridge.focus_in(1);
assert!(bridge.is_active(), "focus_in must mark the session active");
bridge.set_cursor_rect(10, 20, 100, 30);
bridge.focus_out(1);
assert!(!bridge.is_active(), "focus_out must clear active state");
}
}