rust-igraph 0.0.1-alpha.3

Pure-Rust, high-performance graph & network analysis library — 370+ algorithms, zero unsafe, igraph-compatible
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
//! Sugiyama layered layout (ALGO-LO-005).
//!
//! Hierarchical layout for directed (acyclic) graphs. Reference:
//! K. Sugiyama, S. Tagawa, M. Toda, "Methods for Visual Understanding
//! of Hierarchical Systems", IEEE Trans. SMC 11(2), 1981.
//!
//! Coordinate assignment uses the Brandes-Köpf method:
//! U. Brandes, B. Köpf, "Fast and Simple Horizontal Coordinate
//! Assignment", LNCS 2265:31-44, 2002.

use crate::core::{Graph, IgraphError, IgraphResult, VertexId};
use std::collections::VecDeque;

/// Result of a Sugiyama layout computation.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SugiyamaResult {
    /// Positions `[x, y]` for each vertex in the original graph (indices 0..vcount).
    pub positions: Vec<[f64; 2]>,
    /// Positions of dummy vertices added for long edges (indices vcount..).
    pub dummy_positions: Vec<[f64; 2]>,
    /// The extended graph containing both original and dummy vertices.
    /// Each edge spans exactly one layer and points downward.
    pub extended_graph: Graph,
    /// For each edge in `extended_graph`, the index of the corresponding
    /// original edge. Multiple extended edges map to the same original edge
    /// when dummy nodes split a long edge.
    pub extended_to_orig_eids: Vec<u32>,
}

/// Parameters for the Sugiyama layout.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SugiyamaParams {
    /// Preferred horizontal gap between vertices in the same layer.
    pub hgap: f64,
    /// Vertical distance between layers.
    pub vgap: f64,
    /// Maximum number of iterations for crossing minimization.
    pub maxiter: u32,
}

impl Default for SugiyamaParams {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            hgap: 1.0,
            vgap: 1.0,
            maxiter: 100,
        }
    }
}

/// Compute the Sugiyama hierarchical layout.
///
/// Designed for directed acyclic graphs where vertices are assigned to
/// layers. Vertices on the same layer share the same Y coordinate. The
/// algorithm minimizes edge crossings via the barycenter heuristic and
/// assigns X coordinates using the Brandes-Köpf method.
///
/// For graphs with cycles, a DFS-based feedback arc set is computed and
/// those edges are reversed before layering.
///
/// If `layers` is `None`, layer assignment is computed automatically using
/// longest-path layering.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `graph` — input graph (directed preferred; undirected is treated as
///   all edges pointing both ways).
/// * `layers` — optional per-vertex layer assignment (0-indexed). If
///   provided, must have length equal to `graph.vcount()`.
/// * `params` — layout parameters (gaps, iterations).
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use rust_igraph::{Graph, layout_sugiyama, SugiyamaParams};
///
/// // Simple DAG: 0 -> 1, 0 -> 2, 1 -> 3, 2 -> 3
/// let mut g = Graph::new(4, true).unwrap();
/// g.add_edge(0, 1).unwrap();
/// g.add_edge(0, 2).unwrap();
/// g.add_edge(1, 3).unwrap();
/// g.add_edge(2, 3).unwrap();
///
/// let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(result.positions.len(), 4);
/// // Vertex 0 should be at top (y=0), vertex 3 at bottom (y=2)
/// assert!((result.positions[0][1]).abs() < 1e-10);
/// assert!((result.positions[3][1] - 2.0).abs() < 1e-10);
/// ```
pub fn layout_sugiyama(
    graph: &Graph,
    layers: Option<&[u32]>,
    params: &SugiyamaParams,
) -> IgraphResult<SugiyamaResult> {
    let n = graph.vcount() as usize;

    if n == 0 {
        return Ok(SugiyamaResult {
            positions: Vec::new(),
            dummy_positions: Vec::new(),
            extended_graph: Graph::new(0, graph.is_directed())?,
            extended_to_orig_eids: Vec::new(),
        });
    }

    // Step 1: Determine layer assignment
    let mut layer_assign = if let Some(l) = layers {
        if l.len() != n {
            return Err(IgraphError::InvalidArgument(
                "layer vector length must equal vertex count".into(),
            ));
        }
        l.to_vec()
    } else {
        compute_layers(graph)?
    };

    // Normalize layers: eliminate empty layers and make contiguous 0..k
    let layer_to_y = normalize_layers(&mut layer_assign, params.vgap);

    // Step 2: Build extended graph with dummy nodes for long edges
    let ext = build_extended_graph(graph, &layer_assign)?;

    // Step 3: Compute layout for each connected component
    let mut positions = vec![[0.0_f64; 2]; n];
    let mut dummy_positions: Vec<[f64; 2]> = Vec::new();

    // For simplicity, process all vertices together (single-component path)
    let total_nodes = ext.node_count;
    let ext_layers = ext.layers.clone();

    // Build layering structure
    let num_layers = ext_layers.iter().copied().max().unwrap_or(0) as usize + 1;
    let mut layering: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); num_layers];
    for (v, &lyr) in ext_layers.iter().enumerate() {
        layering[lyr as usize].push(v);
    }

    // Assign initial Y coordinates
    let mut layout_y = vec![0.0_f64; total_nodes];
    for (v, &lyr) in ext_layers.iter().enumerate() {
        let y_idx = lyr as usize;
        layout_y[v] = if y_idx < layer_to_y.len() {
            layer_to_y[y_idx]
        } else {
            f64::from(lyr) * params.vgap
        };
    }

    // Step 4: Order nodes horizontally (crossing minimization)
    let mut layout_x = vec![0.0_f64; total_nodes];
    order_horizontally(
        &ext.edges,
        total_nodes,
        &layering,
        &mut layout_x,
        params.maxiter,
    );

    // Step 5: Assign horizontal coordinates (Brandes-Köpf simplified)
    place_horizontally(
        &ext.edges,
        total_nodes,
        &layering,
        &mut layout_x,
        &ext_layers,
        params.hgap,
        n,
    );

    // Collect results
    for v in 0..n {
        positions[v] = [layout_x[v], layout_y[v]];
    }
    for v in n..total_nodes {
        dummy_positions.push([layout_x[v], layout_y[v]]);
    }

    // Build the actual extended Graph
    let mut ext_graph = Graph::new(total_nodes as u32, graph.is_directed())?;
    for &(src, tgt) in &ext.edges {
        ext_graph.add_edge(src as VertexId, tgt as VertexId)?;
    }

    Ok(SugiyamaResult {
        positions,
        dummy_positions,
        extended_graph: ext_graph,
        extended_to_orig_eids: ext.edge_to_orig,
    })
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// Layer assignment
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

fn compute_layers(graph: &Graph) -> IgraphResult<Vec<u32>> {
    let n = graph.vcount() as usize;
    let directed = graph.is_directed();

    // For directed graphs: use longest-path layering after removing cycles
    // For undirected: use BFS-based layering from a source vertex
    if directed {
        longest_path_layering(graph)
    } else {
        // BFS from vertex 0 (or highest-degree vertex)
        let mut layers = vec![0u32; n];
        let mut visited = vec![false; n];
        let mut queue = VecDeque::new();

        let root = select_highest_degree(graph);
        visited[root] = true;
        queue.push_back(root);

        while let Some(v) = queue.pop_front() {
            let neighbors = all_neighbors(graph, v as VertexId);
            for nei in neighbors {
                let nei_idx = nei as usize;
                if !visited[nei_idx] {
                    visited[nei_idx] = true;
                    layers[nei_idx] = layers[v]
                        .checked_add(1)
                        .ok_or_else(|| IgraphError::InvalidArgument("layer overflow".into()))?;
                    queue.push_back(nei_idx);
                }
            }
        }

        // Handle disconnected vertices
        for i in 0..n {
            if !visited[i] {
                layers[i] = 0;
            }
        }

        Ok(layers)
    }
}

fn longest_path_layering(graph: &Graph) -> IgraphResult<Vec<u32>> {
    let n = graph.vcount() as usize;
    let ecount = graph.ecount();

    // First, find a feedback arc set via DFS and compute a topological order
    // ignoring back edges
    let mut in_degree = vec![0u32; n];
    let mut adj_out: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); n];
    let mut back_edges = vec![false; ecount];

    // DFS to find back edges
    let mut color = vec![0u8; n]; // 0=white, 1=gray, 2=black
    let mut stack: Vec<(usize, usize)> = Vec::new(); // (vertex, neighbor_index)

    for start in 0..n {
        if color[start] != 0 {
            continue;
        }
        stack.push((start, 0));
        color[start] = 1;

        while let Some((v, idx)) = stack.last_mut() {
            let v_id = *v;
            let out_edges = out_edges_of(graph, v_id as VertexId);
            if *idx >= out_edges.len() {
                color[v_id] = 2;
                stack.pop();
            } else {
                let (eid, tgt) = out_edges[*idx];
                *idx += 1;
                let tgt_idx = tgt as usize;
                if color[tgt_idx] == 1 {
                    // Back edge — mark for removal
                    back_edges[eid] = true;
                } else if color[tgt_idx] == 0 {
                    color[tgt_idx] = 1;
                    stack.push((tgt_idx, 0));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Build DAG adjacency (ignoring back edges)
    for eid in 0..ecount {
        if back_edges[eid] {
            continue;
        }
        if let Ok((src, tgt)) = graph.edge(eid as u32) {
            let src_idx = src as usize;
            let tgt_idx = tgt as usize;
            adj_out[src_idx].push(tgt_idx);
            in_degree[tgt_idx] = in_degree[tgt_idx]
                .checked_add(1)
                .ok_or_else(|| IgraphError::InvalidArgument("in-degree overflow".into()))?;
        }
    }

    // Longest-path layering on the DAG
    // layer[v] = max(layer[pred] + 1) for all predecessors
    let mut layers = vec![0u32; n];
    let mut queue: VecDeque<usize> = VecDeque::new();
    let mut remaining_in = in_degree.clone();

    // Start from sources (in_degree == 0)
    for v in 0..n {
        if remaining_in[v] == 0 {
            queue.push_back(v);
        }
    }

    while let Some(v) = queue.pop_front() {
        for &w in &adj_out[v] {
            let new_layer = layers[v]
                .checked_add(1)
                .ok_or_else(|| IgraphError::InvalidArgument("layer overflow".into()))?;
            if new_layer > layers[w] {
                layers[w] = new_layer;
            }
            remaining_in[w] -= 1;
            if remaining_in[w] == 0 {
                queue.push_back(w);
            }
        }
    }

    // If there are unreachable vertices (isolated or in unprocessed cycles),
    // assign them layer 0
    Ok(layers)
}

fn normalize_layers(layers: &mut [u32], vgap: f64) -> Vec<f64> {
    if layers.is_empty() {
        return Vec::new();
    }

    // Sort unique layer values and create contiguous mapping
    let mut unique: Vec<u32> = layers.to_vec();
    unique.sort_unstable();
    unique.dedup();

    let mut layer_to_y = Vec::with_capacity(unique.len());
    for (new_idx, &old_val) in unique.iter().enumerate() {
        layer_to_y.push(f64::from(old_val) * vgap);
        for l in layers.iter_mut() {
            if *l == old_val {
                *l = new_idx as u32;
            }
        }
    }

    // Re-derive layer_to_y based on new contiguous indices
    let num_layers = unique.len();
    let mut result = vec![0.0; num_layers];
    for i in 0..num_layers {
        result[i] = i as f64 * vgap;
    }
    result
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// Extended graph (dummy nodes for long edges)
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

struct ExtendedGraph {
    node_count: usize,
    edges: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
    edge_to_orig: Vec<u32>,
    layers: Vec<u32>,
}

fn build_extended_graph(graph: &Graph, layers: &[u32]) -> IgraphResult<ExtendedGraph> {
    let n = graph.vcount() as usize;
    let ecount = graph.ecount() as u32;
    let mut next_node = n;
    let mut edges: Vec<(usize, usize)> = Vec::new();
    let mut edge_to_orig: Vec<u32> = Vec::new();
    let mut node_layers: Vec<u32> = layers.to_vec();

    for eid in 0..ecount {
        let (src, tgt) = graph.edge(eid)?;
        let src_idx = src as usize;
        let tgt_idx = tgt as usize;
        let src_layer = layers[src_idx];
        let tgt_layer = layers[tgt_idx];

        if src_layer == tgt_layer {
            // Same-layer edge: include directly
            edges.push((src_idx, tgt_idx));
            edge_to_orig.push(eid);
        } else {
            // Determine direction: edge should go from lower to higher layer
            let (from, to, from_layer, to_layer) = if src_layer < tgt_layer {
                (src_idx, tgt_idx, src_layer, tgt_layer)
            } else {
                (tgt_idx, src_idx, tgt_layer, src_layer)
            };

            if to_layer - from_layer == 1 {
                // Spans exactly one layer — no dummy needed
                edges.push((from, to));
                edge_to_orig.push(eid);
            } else {
                // Insert dummy nodes
                let mut prev = from;
                for lyr in (from_layer + 1)..to_layer {
                    let dummy = next_node;
                    next_node += 1;
                    node_layers.push(lyr);
                    edges.push((prev, dummy));
                    edge_to_orig.push(eid);
                    prev = dummy;
                }
                edges.push((prev, to));
                edge_to_orig.push(eid);
            }
        }
    }

    Ok(ExtendedGraph {
        node_count: next_node,
        edges,
        edge_to_orig,
        layers: node_layers,
    })
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// Crossing minimization (barycenter heuristic)
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

fn order_horizontally(
    edges: &[(usize, usize)],
    node_count: usize,
    layering: &[Vec<usize>],
    layout_x: &mut [f64],
    maxiter: u32,
) {
    let num_layers = layering.len();
    if num_layers <= 1 {
        // Single layer — just assign sequential positions
        for (i, &v) in layering
            .first()
            .map_or(&[][..], |l| l.as_slice())
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
        {
            layout_x[v] = i as f64;
        }
        return;
    }

    // Build adjacency: for each node, predecessors (in higher layer) and successors
    let mut predecessors: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); node_count];
    let mut successors: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); node_count];
    for &(src, tgt) in edges {
        successors[src].push(tgt);
        predecessors[tgt].push(src);
    }

    // Initial ordering: sequential within each layer
    let mut layer_order: Vec<Vec<usize>> = layering.to_vec();
    for (layer_idx, layer) in layer_order.iter().enumerate() {
        for (pos, &v) in layer.iter().enumerate() {
            layout_x[v] = pos as f64;
        }
        let _ = layer_idx;
    }

    // Iterate: sweep down then up, reordering by barycenters
    let mut changed = true;
    let mut iter = 0u32;
    while changed && iter < maxiter {
        changed = false;

        // Sweep downward: for each layer (top to bottom), sort by
        // barycenter of predecessors
        for layer_idx in 1..num_layers {
            let layer = &layer_order[layer_idx];
            let layer_size = layer.len();
            if layer_size == 0 {
                continue;
            }

            let mut barycenters: Vec<(f64, usize)> = Vec::with_capacity(layer_size);
            for &v in layer {
                let preds = &predecessors[v];
                let bc = if preds.is_empty() {
                    layout_x[v]
                } else {
                    let sum: f64 = preds.iter().map(|&p| layout_x[p]).sum();
                    sum / preds.len() as f64
                };
                barycenters.push((bc, v));
            }

            barycenters.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.partial_cmp(&b.0).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal));

            let new_order: Vec<usize> = barycenters.iter().map(|&(_, v)| v).collect();
            if new_order != layer_order[layer_idx] {
                changed = true;
                for (pos, &v) in new_order.iter().enumerate() {
                    layout_x[v] = pos as f64;
                }
                layer_order[layer_idx] = new_order;
            }
        }

        // Sweep upward: for each layer (bottom to top), sort by
        // barycenter of successors
        for layer_idx in (0..num_layers.saturating_sub(1)).rev() {
            let layer = &layer_order[layer_idx];
            let layer_size = layer.len();
            if layer_size == 0 {
                continue;
            }

            let mut barycenters: Vec<(f64, usize)> = Vec::with_capacity(layer_size);
            for &v in layer {
                let succs = &successors[v];
                let bc = if succs.is_empty() {
                    layout_x[v]
                } else {
                    let sum: f64 = succs.iter().map(|&s| layout_x[s]).sum();
                    sum / succs.len() as f64
                };
                barycenters.push((bc, v));
            }

            barycenters.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.partial_cmp(&b.0).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal));

            let new_order: Vec<usize> = barycenters.iter().map(|&(_, v)| v).collect();
            if new_order != layer_order[layer_idx] {
                changed = true;
                for (pos, &v) in new_order.iter().enumerate() {
                    layout_x[v] = pos as f64;
                }
                layer_order[layer_idx] = new_order;
            }
        }

        iter += 1;
    }
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// Horizontal coordinate assignment (simplified Brandes-Köpf)
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

fn place_horizontally(
    edges: &[(usize, usize)],
    node_count: usize,
    layering: &[Vec<usize>],
    layout_x: &mut [f64],
    _node_layers: &[u32],
    hgap: f64,
    _no_of_real_nodes: usize,
) {
    // Build predecessor list
    let mut predecessors: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); node_count];
    for &(src, tgt) in edges {
        predecessors[tgt].push(src);
    }

    // Run 4 alignments (up-left, up-right, down-left, down-right) and
    // take median X for each vertex
    let mut all_xs: [Vec<f64>; 4] = [
        vec![0.0; node_count],
        vec![0.0; node_count],
        vec![0.0; node_count],
        vec![0.0; node_count],
    ];

    for combo in 0..4u8 {
        let reverse = combo / 2 == 1;
        let align_right = combo % 2 == 1;

        // Vertical alignment
        let mut roots = (0..node_count).collect::<Vec<_>>();
        let mut align = (0..node_count).collect::<Vec<_>>();

        vertical_alignment(
            edges,
            node_count,
            layering,
            layout_x,
            reverse,
            align_right,
            &mut roots,
            &mut align,
            &predecessors,
        );

        // Horizontal compaction
        horizontal_compaction(
            node_count,
            layering,
            &roots,
            &align,
            hgap,
            &mut all_xs[combo as usize],
        );
    }

    // Align the 4 coordinate sets and take the median
    let mut mins = [0.0_f64; 4];
    let mut maxs = [0.0_f64; 4];
    for i in 0..4 {
        mins[i] = all_xs[i].iter().copied().fold(f64::INFINITY, f64::min);
        maxs[i] = all_xs[i].iter().copied().fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);
    }

    // Find narrowest alignment
    let mut best = 0;
    let mut best_width = f64::INFINITY;
    for i in 0..4 {
        let w = maxs[i] - mins[i];
        if w < best_width {
            best_width = w;
            best = i;
        }
    }

    // Shift alignments to match
    for i in 0..4 {
        if i == best {
            continue;
        }
        let diff = if i % 2 == 0 {
            mins[best] - mins[i]
        } else {
            maxs[best] - maxs[i]
        };
        for x in &mut all_xs[i] {
            *x += diff;
        }
    }

    // Take median of 4 values for each vertex
    for v in 0..node_count {
        let mut vals = [all_xs[0][v], all_xs[1][v], all_xs[2][v], all_xs[3][v]];
        vals.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal));
        layout_x[v] = (vals[1] + vals[2]) * 0.5;
    }
}

fn vertical_alignment(
    edges: &[(usize, usize)],
    node_count: usize,
    layering: &[Vec<usize>],
    layout_x: &[f64],
    reverse: bool,
    align_right: bool,
    roots: &mut [usize],
    align: &mut [usize],
    predecessors: &[Vec<usize>],
) {
    let num_layers = layering.len();

    // Build successors
    let mut successors: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); node_count];
    for &(src, tgt) in edges {
        successors[src].push(tgt);
    }

    // Initialize: each vertex is its own root and aligned to itself
    for i in 0..node_count {
        roots[i] = i;
        align[i] = i;
    }

    // Process layers
    let layer_range: Vec<usize> = if reverse {
        (0..num_layers.saturating_sub(1)).rev().collect()
    } else {
        (1..num_layers).collect()
    };

    for &layer_idx in &layer_range {
        let layer = &layering[layer_idx];
        let mut r: i64 = if align_right { i64::MAX } else { -1 };

        let vertex_iter: Vec<usize> = if align_right {
            layer.iter().copied().rev().collect()
        } else {
            layer.clone()
        };

        for vertex in vertex_iter {
            if align[vertex] != vertex {
                continue;
            }

            // Get upper/lower neighbors depending on direction
            let neighbors: &Vec<usize> = if reverse {
                &successors[vertex]
            } else {
                &predecessors[vertex]
            };

            if neighbors.is_empty() {
                continue;
            }

            // Sort neighbors by their X position
            let mut sorted_neis: Vec<usize> = neighbors.clone();
            sorted_neis.sort_by(|&a, &b| {
                layout_x[a]
                    .partial_cmp(&layout_x[b])
                    .unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal)
            });

            // Find median neighbor(s)
            let n_neis = sorted_neis.len();
            let medians = if n_neis == 1 {
                vec![sorted_neis[0]]
            } else if n_neis % 2 == 1 {
                vec![sorted_neis[n_neis / 2]]
            } else if align_right {
                vec![sorted_neis[n_neis / 2], sorted_neis[n_neis / 2 - 1]]
            } else {
                vec![sorted_neis[n_neis / 2 - 1], sorted_neis[n_neis / 2]]
            };

            // Try to align with median
            for median in medians {
                if align[vertex] != vertex {
                    break;
                }
                let pos = layout_x[median] as i64;
                if (align_right && r > pos) || (!align_right && r < pos) {
                    align[median] = vertex;
                    roots[vertex] = roots[median];
                    align[vertex] = roots[median];
                    r = pos;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

fn horizontal_compaction(
    node_count: usize,
    layering: &[Vec<usize>],
    roots: &[usize],
    align: &[usize],
    hgap: f64,
    xs: &mut [f64],
) {
    // Build vertex_to_the_left
    let mut vertex_to_left: Vec<usize> = (0..node_count).collect();
    for layer in layering {
        if layer.len() <= 1 {
            continue;
        }
        for i in 1..layer.len() {
            vertex_to_left[layer[i]] = layer[i - 1];
        }
    }

    let mut sinks: Vec<usize> = (0..node_count).collect();
    let mut shifts = vec![f64::INFINITY; node_count];

    // Initialize xs to -1 (unplaced)
    for x in xs.iter_mut() {
        *x = -1.0;
    }

    // Place blocks starting from roots
    for i in 0..node_count {
        if roots[i] == i {
            place_block(
                i,
                &vertex_to_left,
                roots,
                align,
                &mut sinks,
                &mut shifts,
                hgap,
                xs,
            );
        }
    }

    // Calculate absolute coordinates
    let old_xs = xs.to_vec();
    for i in 0..node_count {
        let root = roots[i];
        xs[i] = old_xs[root];
        let shift = shifts[sinks[root]];
        if shift < f64::INFINITY {
            xs[i] += shift;
        }
    }
}

fn place_block(
    v: usize,
    vertex_to_left: &[usize],
    roots: &[usize],
    align: &[usize],
    sinks: &mut [usize],
    shifts: &mut [f64],
    hgap: f64,
    xs: &mut [f64],
) {
    if xs[v] >= 0.0 {
        return;
    }

    xs[v] = 0.0;

    let mut w = v;
    loop {
        let u_left = vertex_to_left[w];
        if u_left != w {
            let u = roots[u_left];
            place_block(u, vertex_to_left, roots, align, sinks, shifts, hgap, xs);

            let u_sink = sinks[u];
            let v_sink = sinks[v];
            if v_sink == v {
                sinks[v] = u_sink;
            }

            let current_v_sink = sinks[v];
            if current_v_sink != u_sink {
                let candidate = xs[v] - xs[u] - hgap;
                if shifts[u_sink] > candidate {
                    shifts[u_sink] = candidate;
                }
            } else if xs[v] < xs[u] + hgap {
                xs[v] = xs[u] + hgap;
            }
        }

        w = align[w];
        if w == v {
            break;
        }
    }
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// Helpers
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

fn select_highest_degree(graph: &Graph) -> usize {
    let n = graph.vcount() as usize;
    if n == 0 {
        return 0;
    }
    let mut best = 0;
    let mut best_deg = 0;
    for v in 0..n {
        if let Ok(d) = graph.degree(v as VertexId) {
            if d > best_deg {
                best_deg = d;
                best = v;
            }
        }
    }
    best
}

fn all_neighbors(graph: &Graph, v: VertexId) -> Vec<VertexId> {
    let mut result = Vec::new();
    let ecount = graph.ecount();
    for eid in 0..ecount as u32 {
        if let Ok((src, tgt)) = graph.edge(eid) {
            if src == v && tgt != v {
                result.push(tgt);
            } else if tgt == v && src != v {
                result.push(src);
            }
        }
    }
    result
}

fn out_edges_of(graph: &Graph, v: VertexId) -> Vec<(usize, VertexId)> {
    let mut result = Vec::new();
    let ecount = graph.ecount();
    for eid in 0..ecount as u32 {
        if let Ok((src, tgt)) = graph.edge(eid) {
            if graph.is_directed() {
                if src == v && tgt != v {
                    result.push((eid as usize, tgt));
                }
            } else if src == v && tgt != v {
                result.push((eid as usize, tgt));
            } else if tgt == v && src != v {
                result.push((eid as usize, src));
            }
        }
    }
    result
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// Tests
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn simple_dag() -> Graph {
        // 0 -> 1, 0 -> 2, 1 -> 3, 2 -> 3
        let mut g = Graph::new(4, true).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(0, 1).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(0, 2).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(1, 3).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(2, 3).unwrap();
        g
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_basic_dag() {
        let g = simple_dag();
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.positions.len(), 4);
        // Vertex 0 at top layer
        assert!(result.positions[0][1].abs() < 1e-10);
        // Vertex 3 at bottom layer (layer 2)
        assert!((result.positions[3][1] - 2.0).abs() < 1e-10);
        // Vertices 1 and 2 at middle layer
        assert!((result.positions[1][1] - 1.0).abs() < 1e-10);
        assert!((result.positions[2][1] - 1.0).abs() < 1e-10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_empty() {
        let g = Graph::new(0, true).unwrap();
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        assert!(result.positions.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_single_vertex() {
        let g = Graph::new(1, true).unwrap();
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.positions.len(), 1);
        assert!(result.positions[0][0].abs() < 1e-10);
        assert!(result.positions[0][1].abs() < 1e-10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_linear_chain() {
        // 0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3
        let mut g = Graph::new(4, true).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(0, 1).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(1, 2).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(2, 3).unwrap();
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        // Each vertex should be on a successive layer
        for i in 0..4 {
            assert!(
                (result.positions[i][1] - i as f64).abs() < 1e-10,
                "vertex {i} y={}, expected {i}",
                result.positions[i][1]
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_with_layers() {
        let g = simple_dag();
        let layers = vec![0, 1, 1, 2];
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, Some(&layers), &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.positions.len(), 4);
        assert!(result.positions[0][1].abs() < 1e-10);
        assert!((result.positions[3][1] - 2.0).abs() < 1e-10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_invalid_layers() {
        let g = simple_dag();
        let layers = vec![0, 1]; // Wrong length
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, Some(&layers), &SugiyamaParams::default());
        assert!(result.is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_long_edge_dummies() {
        // 0 -> 1, 0 -> 2, with layers [0, 2, 1]
        // Edge 0->1 spans 2 layers, needs a dummy
        let mut g = Graph::new(3, true).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(0, 1).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(0, 2).unwrap();
        let layers = vec![0, 2, 1];
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, Some(&layers), &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.positions.len(), 3);
        // Should have one dummy for the 0->1 edge
        assert_eq!(result.dummy_positions.len(), 1);
        // Dummy should be at layer 1
        assert!((result.dummy_positions[0][1] - 1.0).abs() < 1e-10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_diamond_symmetry() {
        let g = simple_dag();
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        // Vertices 1 and 2 should be symmetric around vertex 0's x
        let mid_x = result.positions[0][0];
        let left = result.positions[1][0] - mid_x;
        let right = result.positions[2][0] - mid_x;
        assert!(
            (left + right).abs() < 1e-10,
            "not symmetric: left={left}, right={right}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_no_overlap_same_layer() {
        let g = simple_dag();
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        // Vertices 1 and 2 are on the same layer — should not overlap
        let x1 = result.positions[1][0];
        let x2 = result.positions[2][0];
        assert!((x1 - x2).abs() >= 1.0 - 1e-10, "overlap: x1={x1}, x2={x2}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_undirected() {
        let mut g = Graph::with_vertices(4);
        g.add_edge(0, 1).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(1, 2).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(2, 3).unwrap();
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.positions.len(), 4);
        // All positions should be finite
        for p in &result.positions {
            assert!(p[0].is_finite());
            assert!(p[1].is_finite());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_with_cycle() {
        // 0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 0 (cycle)
        let mut g = Graph::new(3, true).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(0, 1).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(1, 2).unwrap();
        g.add_edge(2, 0).unwrap();
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.positions.len(), 3);
        // Should produce valid layout despite cycle
        for p in &result.positions {
            assert!(p[0].is_finite());
            assert!(p[1].is_finite());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_custom_gaps() {
        let g = simple_dag();
        let params = SugiyamaParams {
            hgap: 2.0,
            vgap: 3.0,
            maxiter: 50,
        };
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &params).unwrap();
        // Vertex 3 should be at y = 2 * vgap = 6.0
        assert!((result.positions[3][1] - 6.0).abs() < 1e-10);
        // Vertices 1 and 2 should be at least hgap=2.0 apart
        let x1 = result.positions[1][0];
        let x2 = result.positions[2][0];
        assert!(
            (x1 - x2).abs() >= 2.0 - 1e-10,
            "gap too small: |{x1} - {x2}| = {}",
            (x1 - x2).abs()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sugiyama_extended_graph() {
        let g = simple_dag();
        let result = layout_sugiyama(&g, None, &SugiyamaParams::default()).unwrap();
        // Extended graph should have at least as many vertices as original
        assert!(result.extended_graph.vcount() >= g.vcount());
        // Each extended edge should map to a valid original edge
        for &orig_eid in &result.extended_to_orig_eids {
            assert!(orig_eid < g.ecount() as u32);
        }
    }
}