runewarp 0.1.0

Runewarp is an ingress tunneling tool for exposing local services without moving TLS termination to the edge. Clients connect out over QUIC, so you can publish services without putting your backend directly on the Internet or leaking your public IP.
Documentation
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use std::collections::HashSet;
use std::fmt;
use std::future::Future;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::Duration;

use quinn::TransportConfig;
use quinn::crypto::rustls::{QuicClientConfig, QuicServerConfig};
use rustls::client::danger::HandshakeSignatureValid;
use rustls::crypto::{
    CryptoProvider, WebPkiSupportedAlgorithms, verify_tls12_signature, verify_tls13_signature,
};
use rustls::pki_types::{CertificateDer, PrivateKeyDer};
use rustls::server::ResolvesServerCert;
use rustls::server::danger::{ClientCertVerified, ClientCertVerifier};
use rustls::{
    CertificateError, DigitallySignedStruct, DistinguishedName, RootCertStore, SignatureScheme,
};

use crate::{ClientIdentity, client_identity_from_certificate_der, runtime_log};

pub const RUNEWARP_ALPN: &[u8] = b"runewarp/1";
pub const IDLE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
pub const KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(20);
pub const HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
pub const MAX_SERVER_OPENED_BIDI_STREAMS: u32 = 1024;

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum QuicConfigError {
    Rustls(rustls::Error),
    NoInitialCipherSuite(quinn::crypto::rustls::NoInitialCipherSuite),
}

impl fmt::Display for QuicConfigError {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Rustls(_) => formatter.write_str("TLS configuration error"),
            Self::NoInitialCipherSuite(_) => formatter.write_str("QUIC TLS configuration error"),
        }
    }
}

impl std::error::Error for QuicConfigError {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> {
        match self {
            Self::Rustls(error) => Some(error),
            Self::NoInitialCipherSuite(error) => Some(error),
        }
    }
}

impl From<rustls::Error> for QuicConfigError {
    fn from(error: rustls::Error) -> Self {
        Self::Rustls(error)
    }
}

impl From<quinn::crypto::rustls::NoInitialCipherSuite> for QuicConfigError {
    fn from(error: quinn::crypto::rustls::NoInitialCipherSuite) -> Self {
        Self::NoInitialCipherSuite(error)
    }
}

pub fn make_server_quic_config(
    cert_chain: Vec<CertificateDer<'static>>,
    private_key: PrivateKeyDer<'static>,
) -> Result<quinn::ServerConfig, QuicConfigError> {
    let mut server_crypto = rustls::ServerConfig::builder()
        .with_no_client_auth()
        .with_single_cert(cert_chain, private_key)?;
    server_crypto.alpn_protocols = vec![RUNEWARP_ALPN.to_vec()];

    let mut server_config =
        quinn::ServerConfig::with_crypto(Arc::new(QuicServerConfig::try_from(server_crypto)?));
    let transport_config = Arc::get_mut(&mut server_config.transport)
        .expect("newly created QUIC server configs should expose a unique transport config");
    configure_server_transport(transport_config);

    Ok(server_config)
}

pub fn make_server_quic_config_with_client_auth(
    cert_chain: Vec<CertificateDer<'static>>,
    private_key: PrivateKeyDer<'static>,
    trusted_client_identities: &[ClientIdentity],
) -> Result<quinn::ServerConfig, QuicConfigError> {
    let provider = server_crypto_provider();
    let verifier = PinnedClientCertVerifier::new(
        trusted_client_identities,
        provider.signature_verification_algorithms,
    );
    let mut server_crypto = rustls::ServerConfig::builder_with_provider(provider)
        .with_safe_default_protocol_versions()?
        .with_client_cert_verifier(Arc::new(verifier))
        .with_single_cert(cert_chain, private_key)?;
    server_crypto.alpn_protocols = vec![RUNEWARP_ALPN.to_vec()];

    let mut server_config =
        quinn::ServerConfig::with_crypto(Arc::new(QuicServerConfig::try_from(server_crypto)?));
    let transport_config = Arc::get_mut(&mut server_config.transport)
        .expect("newly created QUIC server configs should expose a unique transport config");
    configure_server_transport(transport_config);

    Ok(server_config)
}

pub fn make_server_quic_config_with_client_auth_resolver(
    cert_resolver: Arc<dyn ResolvesServerCert>,
    trusted_client_identities: &[ClientIdentity],
) -> Result<quinn::ServerConfig, QuicConfigError> {
    let provider = server_crypto_provider();
    let verifier = PinnedClientCertVerifier::new(
        trusted_client_identities,
        provider.signature_verification_algorithms,
    );
    let mut server_crypto = rustls::ServerConfig::builder_with_provider(provider)
        .with_safe_default_protocol_versions()?
        .with_client_cert_verifier(Arc::new(verifier))
        .with_cert_resolver(cert_resolver);
    server_crypto.alpn_protocols = vec![RUNEWARP_ALPN.to_vec()];

    let mut server_config =
        quinn::ServerConfig::with_crypto(Arc::new(QuicServerConfig::try_from(server_crypto)?));
    let transport_config = Arc::get_mut(&mut server_config.transport)
        .expect("newly created QUIC server configs should expose a unique transport config");
    configure_server_transport(transport_config);

    Ok(server_config)
}

pub fn make_client_quic_config(
    roots: RootCertStore,
) -> Result<quinn::ClientConfig, QuicConfigError> {
    let mut client_crypto = rustls::ClientConfig::builder()
        .with_root_certificates(roots)
        .with_no_client_auth();
    client_crypto.alpn_protocols = vec![RUNEWARP_ALPN.to_vec()];

    let mut client_config =
        quinn::ClientConfig::new(Arc::new(QuicClientConfig::try_from(client_crypto)?));
    client_config.transport_config(Arc::new(client_transport_config()));

    Ok(client_config)
}

pub(crate) async fn with_handshake_timeout<F, T, E>(
    future: F,
    timeout: Duration,
    on_timeout: impl FnOnce() -> E,
) -> Result<T, E>
where
    F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>>,
{
    match tokio::time::timeout(timeout, future).await {
        Ok(result) => result,
        Err(_) => Err(on_timeout()),
    }
}

pub fn make_client_quic_config_with_client_auth(
    roots: RootCertStore,
    cert_chain: Vec<CertificateDer<'static>>,
    private_key: PrivateKeyDer<'static>,
) -> Result<quinn::ClientConfig, QuicConfigError> {
    let mut client_crypto = rustls::ClientConfig::builder()
        .with_root_certificates(roots)
        .with_client_auth_cert(cert_chain, private_key)?;
    client_crypto.alpn_protocols = vec![RUNEWARP_ALPN.to_vec()];

    let mut client_config =
        quinn::ClientConfig::new(Arc::new(QuicClientConfig::try_from(client_crypto)?));
    client_config.transport_config(Arc::new(client_transport_config()));

    Ok(client_config)
}

fn configure_server_transport(transport_config: &mut TransportConfig) {
    transport_config.max_concurrent_bidi_streams(0_u8.into());
    transport_config.max_concurrent_uni_streams(0_u8.into());
    transport_config.max_idle_timeout(Some(
        IDLE_TIMEOUT
            .try_into()
            .expect("the fixed idle timeout should fit quinn's idle timeout type"),
    ));
    transport_config.keep_alive_interval(Some(KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL));
}

fn client_transport_config() -> TransportConfig {
    let mut transport_config = TransportConfig::default();
    transport_config.max_concurrent_bidi_streams(MAX_SERVER_OPENED_BIDI_STREAMS.into());
    transport_config.max_concurrent_uni_streams(0_u8.into());
    transport_config.max_idle_timeout(Some(
        IDLE_TIMEOUT
            .try_into()
            .expect("the fixed idle timeout should fit quinn's idle timeout type"),
    ));
    transport_config.keep_alive_interval(Some(KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL));
    transport_config
}

fn server_crypto_provider() -> Arc<CryptoProvider> {
    CryptoProvider::get_default()
        .cloned()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider()))
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct PinnedClientCertVerifier {
    trusted_client_identities: HashSet<ClientIdentity>,
    supported_algorithms: WebPkiSupportedAlgorithms,
    root_hint_subjects: Vec<DistinguishedName>,
}

impl PinnedClientCertVerifier {
    fn new(
        trusted_client_identities: &[ClientIdentity],
        supported_algorithms: WebPkiSupportedAlgorithms,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            trusted_client_identities: trusted_client_identities.iter().cloned().collect(),
            supported_algorithms,
            root_hint_subjects: Vec::new(),
        }
    }
}

impl ClientCertVerifier for PinnedClientCertVerifier {
    fn offer_client_auth(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }

    fn client_auth_mandatory(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }

    fn root_hint_subjects(&self) -> &[DistinguishedName] {
        &self.root_hint_subjects
    }

    fn verify_client_cert(
        &self,
        end_entity: &CertificateDer<'_>,
        _intermediates: &[CertificateDer<'_>],
        _now: rustls::pki_types::UnixTime,
    ) -> Result<ClientCertVerified, rustls::Error> {
        let client_identity = client_identity_from_certificate_der(end_entity.as_ref())
            .map_err(|_| rustls::Error::InvalidCertificate(CertificateError::BadEncoding))?;
        if self.trusted_client_identities.contains(&client_identity) {
            Ok(ClientCertVerified::assertion())
        } else {
            runtime_log::server_tunnel_connection_unauthorized(&client_identity);
            Err(rustls::Error::InvalidCertificate(
                CertificateError::ApplicationVerificationFailure,
            ))
        }
    }

    fn verify_tls12_signature(
        &self,
        message: &[u8],
        cert: &CertificateDer<'_>,
        dss: &DigitallySignedStruct,
    ) -> Result<HandshakeSignatureValid, rustls::Error> {
        verify_tls12_signature(message, cert, dss, &self.supported_algorithms)
    }

    fn verify_tls13_signature(
        &self,
        message: &[u8],
        cert: &CertificateDer<'_>,
        dss: &DigitallySignedStruct,
    ) -> Result<HandshakeSignatureValid, rustls::Error> {
        verify_tls13_signature(message, cert, dss, &self.supported_algorithms)
    }

    fn supported_verify_schemes(&self) -> Vec<SignatureScheme> {
        self.supported_algorithms.supported_schemes()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::future::pending;
    use std::io::{self, Cursor, Write};
    use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
    use std::time::Duration;

    use rcgen::generate_simple_self_signed;
    use rustls::RootCertStore;
    use rustls::pki_types::{CertificateDer, PrivateKeyDer, PrivatePkcs8KeyDer};
    use rustls::server::danger::ClientCertVerifier;
    use tracing_subscriber::fmt::writer::MakeWriter;
    use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;

    use super::{
        PinnedClientCertVerifier, make_client_quic_config, make_server_quic_config,
        with_handshake_timeout,
    };
    use crate::generate_client_identity;

    #[test]
    fn server_quic_config_uses_runewarp_transport_defaults() {
        let (certificate, private_key) = make_self_signed_cert("tunnel.example.test");
        let server_config =
            make_server_quic_config(vec![certificate], private_key_from_der(&private_key)).unwrap();
        let debug = format!("{:?}", server_config.transport);

        assert!(debug.contains("max_concurrent_bidi_streams: 0"));
        assert!(debug.contains("max_concurrent_uni_streams: 0"));
        assert!(debug.contains("max_idle_timeout: Some(60000)"));
        assert!(debug.contains("keep_alive_interval: Some(20s)"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn client_quic_config_uses_runewarp_transport_defaults() {
        let (certificate, _) = make_self_signed_cert("tunnel.example.test");
        let client_config = make_client_quic_config(root_store_with(&certificate)).unwrap();
        let debug = format!("{client_config:?}");

        assert!(debug.contains("max_concurrent_bidi_streams: 1024"));
        assert!(debug.contains("max_concurrent_uni_streams: 0"));
        assert!(debug.contains("max_idle_timeout: Some(60000)"));
        assert!(debug.contains("keep_alive_interval: Some(20s)"));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn handshake_timeout_wrapper_returns_the_timeout_error_after_the_deadline() {
        let error = with_handshake_timeout(
            pending::<Result<(), io::Error>>(),
            Duration::from_millis(10),
            || io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, "handshake timed out"),
        )
        .await
        .expect_err("pending handshake should time out");

        assert_eq!(error.kind(), io::ErrorKind::TimedOut);
        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "handshake timed out");
    }

    #[test]
    fn unauthorized_client_identity_verification_emits_a_warn_log() {
        let generated_client_identity = generate_client_identity().unwrap();
        let certificate = client_leaf_certificate(&generated_client_identity).unwrap();
        let client_identity = generated_client_identity.client_identity.clone();
        let provider = rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider();
        let verifier =
            PinnedClientCertVerifier::new(&[], provider.signature_verification_algorithms);

        let output = capture_logs(|| {
            let result =
                verifier.verify_client_cert(&certificate, &[], rustls::pki_types::UnixTime::now());
            assert!(result.is_err());
        });

        assert!(
            output.contains(
                format!(
                    "WARN server tunnel connection unauthorized: client-identity={client_identity}"
                )
                .as_str()
            )
        );
    }

    #[derive(Clone, Default)]
    struct SharedBuffer(Arc<Mutex<Vec<u8>>>);

    struct BufferWriter(SharedBuffer);

    impl SharedBuffer {
        fn read(&self) -> String {
            String::from_utf8(self.0.lock().expect("buffer mutex poisoned").clone())
                .expect("runtime log output must be valid UTF-8")
        }
    }

    impl Write for BufferWriter {
        fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.0
                .0
                .lock()
                .expect("buffer mutex poisoned")
                .extend_from_slice(buf);
            Ok(buf.len())
        }

        fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    impl<'writer> MakeWriter<'writer> for SharedBuffer {
        type Writer = BufferWriter;

        fn make_writer(&'writer self) -> Self::Writer {
            BufferWriter(self.clone())
        }
    }

    fn capture_logs(action: impl FnOnce()) -> String {
        let buffer = SharedBuffer::default();
        let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::registry().with(
            tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
                .with_writer(buffer.clone())
                .with_ansi(false)
                .without_time()
                .with_target(false),
        );
        tracing::subscriber::with_default(subscriber, action);
        buffer.read()
    }

    fn make_self_signed_cert(server_name: &str) -> (CertificateDer<'static>, Vec<u8>) {
        let certified_key = generate_simple_self_signed(vec![server_name.to_owned()]).unwrap();
        (
            CertificateDer::from(certified_key.cert),
            certified_key.signing_key.serialize_der(),
        )
    }

    fn private_key_from_der(der: &[u8]) -> PrivateKeyDer<'static> {
        PrivatePkcs8KeyDer::from(der.to_vec()).into()
    }

    fn root_store_with(certificate: &CertificateDer<'static>) -> RootCertStore {
        let mut roots = RootCertStore::empty();
        roots.add(certificate.clone()).unwrap();
        roots
    }

    fn client_leaf_certificate(
        generated_client_identity: &crate::GeneratedClientIdentity,
    ) -> io::Result<CertificateDer<'static>> {
        rustls_pemfile::certs(&mut Cursor::new(
            generated_client_identity.certificate_pem.as_bytes(),
        ))
        .next()
        .transpose()
        .map_err(io::Error::other)?
        .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "missing client certificate"))
    }
}