Rumoca

Try Rumoca in your browser! - No installation required.

A Modelica compiler written in Rust. Rumoca parses Modelica source files and exports to the DAE IR Format (supporting both implicit and explicit model serialization), or via user-customizable templates using MiniJinja. The DAE IR format is consumed by Cyecca for model simulation, analysis, and Python library integration with CasADi, SymPy, and other backends.

Note: Rumoca is in early development. While already usable for many practical tasks, you may encounter issues. Please file bug reports to help improve the compiler.

Quick Start

# Install
cargo install rumoca

# Compile to DAE IR (JSON)
rumoca model.mo -m MyModel --json > model.json

# Format Modelica files
rumoca-fmt

# Lint Modelica files
rumoca-lint

Installation

Rust (Compiler, Formatter, Linter)

cargo install rumoca

Python

The Python package bundles the Rust compiler, so no separate Rust installation is needed:

pip install rumoca

import rumoca

# Compile a Modelica file
result = rumoca.compile("model.mo")

# Get as JSON string or Python dict
json_str = result.to_base_modelica_json()
model_dict = result.to_base_modelica_dict()

# Compile from string
result = rumoca.compile_source("""
    model Test
        Real x(start=0);
    equation
        der(x) = 1;
    end Test;
""", "Test")

Rust Library

[dependencies]
rumoca = "0.7"

use rumoca::Compiler;

fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let result = Compiler::new()
        .model("MyModel")
        .compile_file("model.mo")?;

    let json = result.to_dae_ir_json()?;
    println!("{}", json);
    Ok(())
}

Tools

Tool	Description
rumoca	Main compiler - parses Modelica and exports DAE IR (JSON)
rumoca-fmt	Code formatter for Modelica files (like rustfmt)
rumoca-lint	Linter for Modelica files (like clippy)
rumoca-lsp	Language Server Protocol server for editor integration

MSL Compatibility

Rumoca is tested against the Modelica Standard Library 4.1.0.

Status	Count	Percentage	Description
Parsed	2551/2551	100%	All .mo files parse successfully
Compiled	2283/2283	100%	All models compile to DAE ✅
Balanced	791	34.6%	Fully determined (equations = unknowns)
Partial	1280	56.1%	Under-determined by design (external connectors)
Unbalanced	212	9.3%	Needs further work

Partial models have external connector flow variables that receive equations when connected in a larger system.

Benchmark (AMD Ryzen 9 7950X, 16 cores):

Phase	Cold	Warm	Rate
Parse (2551 files)	0.80s	0.80s	3,189 files/sec
Flatten (6491 classes)	1.51s	1.50s	4,311 classes/sec
Compile (2283 models)	22.75s	3.68s	100 / 620 models/sec
Total	25.06s	5.98s	4.2x speedup

Caching:

• In-memory caches (extends chain, resolved classes): Built during flatten phase (~1.5s), reset between runs
• DAE disk cache (~/.cache/rumoca/dae/): Stores compiled model results, provides 6x speedup on balance phase

# Run the MSL balance test
cargo test --release test_msl_balance_all -- --ignored --nocapture

# Clear disk caches for cold-start benchmark
rm -rf ~/.cache/rumoca/ast ~/.cache/rumoca/dae

Language Support:

Category	Supported
Classes	model, class, block, connector, record, type, package, function
Equations	Simple, connect (flow/potential), if, for, when
Expressions	Binary/unary ops, function calls, if-expressions, arrays
Type prefixes	flow, discrete, parameter, constant, input, output
Packages	Nested packages, package.mo/package.order, MODELICAPATH
Imports	Qualified, renamed, unqualified (.*), selective ({a,b})
Functions	Single/multi-output, tuple equations (a,b) = func()
Built-ins	der, pre, reinit, time, trig, array functions
Events	noEvent, smooth, sample, edge, change, initial, terminal

Partial Support:

Feature	Status
Algorithm sections	Parsed; assignments not yet counted in balance check
Connect equations	Flow/potential semantics; stream not supported
External functions	external recognized; no linking
Inner/outer	Basic resolution; nested scopes in progress
Complex type	Record expansion; operator overloading in progress

Not Yet Implemented:

Feature	Notes
Stream connectors	inStream, actualStream operators
Redeclarations	redeclare, replaceable parsed only
Overloaded operators	operator class prefix recognized only
State machines	Synchronous language elements (Ch. 17)
Expandable connectors	Dynamic connector sizing
Overconstrained connectors	Connections.root, branch, etc.

What Works Well (100% compile rate achieved):

• All MSL packages compile successfully
• Complex type support (operator record)
• Replaceable package/model resolution (Medium.*, etc.)
• Deep inheritance chain type lookup
• ModelicaServices stubs

Known Limitations (212 unbalanced models):

Category	Notes
Algorithm sections	Assignments not yet counted as equations
Stream connectors	inStream/actualStream not implemented
External functions	Functions without equation bodies
Operator records	Operator overloading not implemented

Custom Code Generation

Rumoca supports MiniJinja templates for custom code generation:

rumoca model.mo -m MyModel --template-file examples/templates/casadi.jinja > model.py
rumoca model.mo -m MyModel --template-file examples/templates/sympy.jinja > model.py

Example template:

# Generated from {{ dae.model_name }}
{% for name, comp in dae.x | items %}
{{ name }}: {{ comp.type_name }} (start={{ comp.start }})
{% endfor %}

See examples/templates/ for complete examples (CasADi, SymPy, Base Modelica).

VSCode Extension

Search for "Rumoca Modelica" in the VSCode Extensions marketplace, or install from the marketplace page.

The extension includes a bundled rumoca-lsp language server - no additional installation required.

Features:

• Syntax highlighting (semantic tokens)
• Real-time diagnostics with type checking
• Autocomplete for keywords, built-in functions, and class members
• Go to definition / Find references
• Document symbols and outline
• Code formatting
• Hover information
• Signature help
• Code folding
• Inlay hints
• Code lens with reference counts
• Rename symbol
• Call hierarchy
• Document links

Configuring Library Paths:

{
  "rumoca.modelicaPath": [
    "/path/to/ModelicaStandardLibrary",
    "/path/to/other/library"
  ]
}

Alternatively, set the MODELICAPATH environment variable. See the extension documentation for details.

WebAssembly (Browser)

Rumoca compiles to WebAssembly, enabling browser-based Modelica compilation without a backend server.

Features:

• Parse and compile Modelica models in the browser
• DAE IR (JSON) generation
• Template rendering with MiniJinja
• Multi-threaded compilation using Web Workers

Try the Demo:

./tools/wasm-test.sh
# Open http://localhost:8080/examples/wasm_editor/index.html

The demo provides a Monaco-based editor with:

• Split-pane Modelica and Jinja2 template editing
• Real-time template preview
• DAE IR JSON export
• Autocomplete for template variables (dae.x, dae.u, etc.)

Building WASM:

Integration with Cyecca

rumoca model.mo -m MyModel --json > model.json

from cyecca.io.rumoca import import_rumoca

model = import_rumoca('model.json')
# Use model for simulation, analysis, code generation, etc.

Architecture

Modelica Source -> Parse -> Flatten -> BLT -> DAE -> DAE IR (JSON)
                   (AST)   (Flat)    (Match)  (DAE)
                                                          |
                                                       Cyecca
                                                          |
                                               CasADi/SymPy/JAX/etc.

Structural Analysis:

• Hopcroft-Karp matching (O(E√V)) for equation-variable assignment
• Tarjan's SCC algorithm for topological ordering and algebraic loop detection
• Pantelides algorithm for DAE index reduction (detects high-index systems)
• Tearing for algebraic loops (reduces nonlinear system size)

Development

cargo build --release   # Build
cargo test              # Run tests
cargo fmt --check       # Check Rust formatting
cargo clippy            # Lint Rust code
rumoca-fmt --check      # Check Modelica formatting
rumoca-lint             # Lint Modelica files

Formatter:

rumoca-fmt                              # Format all .mo files
rumoca-fmt --check                      # Check formatting (CI mode)
rumoca-fmt model.mo                     # Format specific files
rumoca-fmt --config indent_size=4       # Custom indentation

Configuration (.rumoca_fmt.toml):

indent_size = 2
use_tabs = false
max_line_length = 100
blank_lines_between_classes = 1

Linter:

rumoca-lint                     # Lint all .mo files
rumoca-lint --level warning     # Show only warnings and errors
rumoca-lint --format json       # JSON output for CI
rumoca-lint --list-rules        # List available rules
rumoca-lint --deny-warnings     # Exit with error on warnings

Available Rules:

Rule	Level	Description
naming-convention	note	CamelCase for types, camelCase for variables
missing-documentation	note	Classes without documentation strings
unused-variable	warning	Declared but unused variables
undefined-reference	error	References to undefined variables
parameter-no-default	help	Parameters without default values
empty-section	note	Empty equation or algorithm sections
magic-number	help	Magic numbers that should be constants
complex-expression	note	Overly complex/deeply nested expressions
inconsistent-units	warning	Potential unit inconsistencies
redundant-extends	warning	Duplicate or circular extends

Configuration (.rumoca_lint.toml):

min_level = "warning"
disabled_rules = ["magic-number", "missing-documentation"]
deny_warnings = false

Caching

Rumoca uses multi-level caching: in-memory caches for session-level performance (parsed classes, resolved definitions), and a persistent disk cache (~/.cache/rumoca/dae/) that works like ccache for CI pipelines. The disk cache is invalidated when source files or the compiler version change.

Roadmap

Export Targets:

• eFMI/GALEC

Import Targets:

• Base Modelica (MCP-0031) - interface with OpenModelica, Dymola, etc.

Contributing

Contributions welcome! All contributions must be made under the Apache-2.0 license.

License

Apache-2.0 (LICENSE)

Citation

@inproceedings{condie2025rumoca,
  title={Rumoca: Towards a Translator from Modelica to Algebraic Modeling Languages},
  author={Condie, Micah and Woodbury, Abigaile and Goppert, James and Andersson, Joel},
  booktitle={Modelica Conferences},
  pages={1009--1016},
  year={2025}
}

See Also

• Modelica IR - DAE IR specification
• Cyecca - Model simulation, analysis, and code generation
• Modelica Language