ruda_model/module/

base.rs

use super::{Param, ParamId, Quantizer};
use crate::{
    record::Record,
    tensor::backend::{AutodiffBackend, Backend},
};
use alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec};
pub use ruda_model_macros::Module;
use ruda_tensor::api::{Bool, Int, Tensor, ops::Device};

/// Type alias to `Vec<B::Device>` which supports `no_std` environments, but automatically using
/// the `alloc` crate.
pub type Devices<B> = Vec<Device<B>>;

// At the moment, our plan is to continue experimenting with the macro internally and monitor its development.
// We may consider making it public in the future.
macro_rules! module {
    (map=$module:ident, ops=$item:expr) => {{
        struct Mapper;
        impl<B: Backend> ModuleMapper<B> for Mapper {
            fn map_float<const D: usize>(
                &mut self,
                param: Param<Tensor<B, D>>,
            ) -> Param<Tensor<B, D>> {
                let func = $item;
                func(param)
            }

            fn map_int<const D: usize>(
                &mut self,
                param: Param<Tensor<B, D, Int>>,
            ) -> Param<Tensor<B, D, Int>> {
                param
            }

            fn map_bool<const D: usize>(
                &mut self,
                param: Param<Tensor<B, D, Bool>>,
            ) -> Param<Tensor<B, D, Bool>> {
                param
            }
        }
        let mut mapper = Mapper;
        $module.map(&mut mapper)
    }};
    (visit_float=$module:ident, ops=$item:expr, state=$state_ty:ty, init=$init:expr) => {{
        struct Visitor<'a, B: Backend> {
            state: &'a mut $state_ty,
            backend: core::marker::PhantomData<B>,
        }
        impl<'a, B: Backend> ModuleVisitor<B> for Visitor<'a, B> {
            fn visit_float<const D: usize>(&mut self, param: &Param<Tensor<B, D>>) {
                let func = $item;
                func(&param.val(), &mut self.state)
            }
        }
        #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_call)]
        let mut state = $init();
        let mut visitor = Visitor {
            state: &mut state,
            backend: core::marker::PhantomData,
        };
        $module.visit(&mut visitor);
        state
    }};
}

/// Trait for all neural network modules.
///
/// Modules should be created using the [derive](ruda_model_macros::Module) attribute.
/// This will make your module trainable, savable and loadable via
/// `state` and `load`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// A module should have a [backend](crate::tensor::backend::Backend) defined as a generic
/// parameter B. This will be used by the [derive](ruda_model_macros::Module) attribute to generate the code
/// necessary to optimize and train the module on any backend.
///
/// ```rust, ignore
/// use ruda_model::module::Module;
/// use ruda_nn::Linear;
/// use ruda_tensor::api::{Tensor, backend::Backend};
///
/// #[derive(Module, Debug)]
/// struct MyModule<B: Backend> {
///   my_param: Linear<B>,
///   my_other_field: usize,
/// }
/// ```
pub trait Module<B: Backend>: Clone + Send + core::fmt::Debug {
    /// Type to save and load the module.
    type Record: Record<B>;

    /// Return all the devices found in the underneath module tree added to the given vector
    /// without duplicates.
    fn collect_devices(&self, devices: Devices<B>) -> Devices<B>;

    /// Return all the devices found in the underneath module tree without duplicates.
    fn devices(&self) -> Devices<B> {
        self.collect_devices(Devices::<B>::new())
    }

    /// Fork the module and all of its sub-modules to the given device.
    ///
    /// # Notes
    ///
    /// This is similar to [to_device](Module::to_device), but it ensures the output module on the
    /// new device will have its own autodiff graph.
    fn fork(self, device: &B::Device) -> Self;

    /// Move the module and all of its sub-modules to the given device.
    ///
    /// # Warnings
    ///
    /// The operation supports autodiff and it will be registered when activated. However, this may
    /// not be what you want. The output model will be an intermediary model, meaning that you
    /// can't optimize it with gradient descent. If you want to optimize the output network on the
    /// target device, use [fork](Module::fork) instead.
    fn to_device(self, device: &B::Device) -> Self;

    /// Each tensor in the module tree will not require grad.
    ///
    /// # Warnings
    ///
    /// This should not be used for inference, use [valid](AutodiffModule::valid) when using
    /// AD modules. This is mostly useful when performing partial finetuning, which is updating only
    /// a small fraction of the parameters instead of finetuning all of them.
    fn no_grad(self) -> Self {
        module!(
            map = self,
            ops = |param: Param<Tensor<B, D>>| param.set_require_grad(false)
        )
    }

    /// Move the module and all of its sub-modules to the autodiff backend.
    ///
    /// # Notes
    ///
    /// * Only plain modules (not already on an autodiff backend) can be moved.
    /// * Calling `train()` on a module that is already on an autodiff backend
    ///   will result in a type error, because the module's inner backend does not match.
    fn train<AB>(self) -> <Self as HasAutodiffModule<AB>>::TrainModule
    where
        AB: AutodiffBackend<InnerBackend = B>,
        Self: HasAutodiffModule<AB>,
    {
        <Self as HasAutodiffModule<AB>>::TrainModule::from_inner(self)
    }

    /// Get the number of parameters the module has, including all of its sub-modules.
    fn num_params(&self) -> usize {
        module!(
            visit_float = self,
            ops = |tensor: &Tensor<B, D>, state: &mut usize| {
                *state += tensor.shape().num_elements();
            },
            state = usize,
            init = || 0
        )
    }
    /// Visit each tensor parameter in the module with a [visitor](ModuleVisitor).
    fn visit<Visitor: ModuleVisitor<B>>(&self, visitor: &mut Visitor);

    /// Map each tensor parameter in the module with a [mapper](ModuleMapper).
    fn map<Mapper: ModuleMapper<B>>(self, mapper: &mut Mapper) -> Self;

    /// Load the module state from a record.
    fn load_record(self, record: Self::Record) -> Self;

    /// Convert the module into a record containing the state.
    fn into_record(self) -> Self::Record;

    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
    /// Save the module to a file using the provided [file recorder](crate::record::FileRecorder).
    ///
    /// List of supported file recorders:
    ///
    /// * [default](crate::record::DefaultFileRecorder)
    /// * [bincode](crate::record::BinFileRecorder)
    /// * [bincode compressed with gzip](crate::record::BinGzFileRecorder)
    /// * [json pretty](crate::record::PrettyJsonFileRecorder)
    /// * [json compressed with gzip](crate::record::JsonGzFileRecorder)
    /// * [named mpk](crate::record::NamedMpkFileRecorder)
    /// * [named mpk compressed with gzip](crate::record::NamedMpkGzFileRecorder)
    ///
    /// ## Notes
    ///
    /// The file extension is automatically added depending on the file recorder provided, you
    /// don't have to specify it.
    fn save_file<FR, PB>(
        self,
        file_path: PB,
        recorder: &FR,
    ) -> Result<(), crate::record::RecorderError>
    where
        FR: crate::record::FileRecorder<B>,
        PB: Into<std::path::PathBuf>,
    {
        let record = Self::into_record(self);
        recorder.record(record, file_path.into())
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
    /// Load the module from a file using the provided [file recorder](crate::record::FileRecorder).
    ///
    /// The recorder should be the same as the one used to save the module, see
    /// [save_file](Self::save_file).
    ///
    /// ## Notes
    ///
    /// The file extension is automatically added depending on the file recorder provided, you
    /// don't have to specify it.
    fn load_file<FR, PB>(
        self,
        file_path: PB,
        recorder: &FR,
        device: &B::Device,
    ) -> Result<Self, crate::record::RecorderError>
    where
        FR: crate::record::FileRecorder<B>,
        PB: Into<std::path::PathBuf>,
    {
        let record = recorder.load(file_path.into(), device)?;

        Ok(self.load_record(record))
    }

    /// Quantize the weights of the module.
    fn quantize_weights(self, quantizer: &mut Quantizer) -> Self {
        self.map(quantizer)
    }
}

/// Module visitor trait for traversing and inspecting module parameters.
pub trait ModuleVisitor<B: Backend> {
    /// Visit a float parameter in the module.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `param`: The float parameter to visit
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn visit_float<const D: usize>(&mut self, param: &Param<Tensor<B, D>>) {}

    /// Visit an int parameter in the module.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `param`: The integer parameter to visit
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn visit_int<const D: usize>(&mut self, param: &Param<Tensor<B, D, Int>>) {}

    /// Visit a bool parameter in the module.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `param`: The boolean parameter to visit
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn visit_bool<const D: usize>(&mut self, param: &Param<Tensor<B, D, Bool>>) {}

    /// Called when entering a submodule.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `name`: The name of the submodule being entered
    /// - `container_type`: The type of the container with format:
    ///   - For user-defined structs: "Struct:TypeName" (e.g., "Struct:Linear")
    ///   - For user-defined enums: "Enum:TypeName" (e.g., "Enum:MyEnum")
    ///   - For Vec containers: "Vec" (name is the index)
    ///   - For Tuple containers: "Tuple" (name is the index)
    ///   - For Array containers: "Array" (name is the index)
    ///
    /// Note: Option containers do not call enter_module/exit_module to preserve
    /// the field name in the path (e.g., "bias" instead of "bias.Some")
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn enter_module(&mut self, name: &str, container_type: &str) {}

    /// Called when exiting a submodule.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `name`: The name of the submodule being exited
    /// - `container_type`: The type of the container with format:
    ///   - For user-defined structs: "Struct:TypeName" (e.g., "Struct:Linear")
    ///   - For user-defined enums: "Enum:TypeName" (e.g., "Enum:MyEnum")
    ///   - For Vec containers: "Vec" (name is the index)
    ///   - For Tuple containers: "Tuple" (name is the index)
    ///   - For Array containers: "Array" (name is the index)
    ///
    /// Note: Option containers do not call enter_module/exit_module to preserve
    /// the field name in the path (e.g., "bias" instead of "bias.Some")
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn exit_module(&mut self, name: &str, container_type: &str) {}

    /// Visit a float tensor with its full module path.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `path`: The path components to the tensor as a slice (e.g., &["encoder", "layer1", "weight"]).
    ///   Each element represents a module name in the hierarchy, with the final element
    ///   being the parameter name. This allows efficient reuse of the path stack.
    /// - `id`: The unique identifier of the parameter
    /// - `tensor`: The float tensor to visit
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn visit_float_with_path<const D: usize>(
        &mut self,
        path: &[String],
        id: ParamId,
        tensor: &Tensor<B, D>,
    ) {
    }

    /// Visit an int tensor with its full module path.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `path`: The path components to the tensor as a slice (e.g., &["encoder", "layer1", "weight"]).
    ///   Each element represents a module name in the hierarchy, with the final element
    ///   being the parameter name. This allows efficient reuse of the path stack.
    /// - `id`: The unique identifier of the parameter
    /// - `tensor`: The integer tensor to visit
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn visit_int_with_path<const D: usize>(
        &mut self,
        path: &[String],
        id: ParamId,
        tensor: &Tensor<B, D, Int>,
    ) {
    }

    /// Visit a bool tensor with its full module path.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `path`: The path components to the tensor as a slice (e.g., &["encoder", "layer1", "weight"]).
    ///   Each element represents a module name in the hierarchy, with the final element
    ///   being the parameter name. This allows efficient reuse of the path stack.
    /// - `id`: The unique identifier of the parameter
    /// - `tensor`: The boolean tensor to visit
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn visit_bool_with_path<const D: usize>(
        &mut self,
        path: &[String],
        id: ParamId,
        tensor: &Tensor<B, D, Bool>,
    ) {
    }
}

/// Module mapper trait for transforming module parameters.
pub trait ModuleMapper<B: Backend> {
    /// Called when entering a submodule.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `name`: The name of the submodule being entered
    /// - `container_type`: The type of the container with format:
    ///   - For user-defined structs: "Struct:TypeName" (e.g., "Struct:Linear")
    ///   - For user-defined enums: "Enum:TypeName" (e.g., "Enum:MyEnum")
    ///   - For Vec containers: "Vec" (name is the index)
    ///   - For Tuple containers: "Tuple" (name is the index)
    ///   - For Array containers: "Array" (name is the index)
    ///
    /// Note: Option containers do not call enter_module/exit_module to preserve
    /// the field name in the path (e.g., "bias" instead of "bias.Some")
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn enter_module(&mut self, name: &str, container_type: &str) {}

    /// Called when exiting a submodule.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `name`: The name of the submodule being exited
    /// - `container_type`: The type of the container with format:
    ///   - For user-defined structs: "Struct:TypeName" (e.g., "Struct:Linear")
    ///   - For user-defined enums: "Enum:TypeName" (e.g., "Enum:MyEnum")
    ///   - For Vec containers: "Vec" (name is the index)
    ///   - For Tuple containers: "Tuple" (name is the index)
    ///   - For Array containers: "Array" (name is the index)
    ///
    /// Note: Option containers do not call enter_module/exit_module to preserve
    /// the field name in the path (e.g., "bias" instead of "bias.Some")
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn exit_module(&mut self, name: &str, container_type: &str) {}

    /// Map a float parameter in the module.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `param`: The float parameter to transform
    ///
    /// # Returns
    /// The transformed parameter
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn map_float<const D: usize>(&mut self, param: Param<Tensor<B, D>>) -> Param<Tensor<B, D>> {
        let (id, tensor, mapper) = param.consume();
        Param::from_mapped_value(id, tensor, mapper)
    }

    /// Map an int parameter in the module.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `param`: The integer parameter to transform
    ///
    /// # Returns
    /// The transformed parameter
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn map_int<const D: usize>(
        &mut self,
        param: Param<Tensor<B, D, Int>>,
    ) -> Param<Tensor<B, D, Int>> {
        let (id, tensor, mapper) = param.consume();
        Param::from_mapped_value(id, tensor, mapper)
    }

    /// Map a bool parameter in the module.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `param`: The boolean parameter to transform
    ///
    /// # Returns
    /// The transformed parameter
    #[allow(unused_variables)]
    fn map_bool<const D: usize>(
        &mut self,
        param: Param<Tensor<B, D, Bool>>,
    ) -> Param<Tensor<B, D, Bool>> {
        let (id, tensor, mapper) = param.consume();
        Param::from_mapped_value(id, tensor, mapper)
    }
}

/// Module with auto-differentiation backend.
pub trait AutodiffModule<B: AutodiffBackend>: Module<B> + Send + core::fmt::Debug {
    /// Inner module without auto-differentiation.
    type InnerModule: Module<B::InnerBackend>;

    /// Returns the same module, but on the inner backend without auto-differentiation.
    fn valid(&self) -> Self::InnerModule;

    /// Wraps an inner module back into an auto-diff module.
    fn from_inner(module: Self::InnerModule) -> Self;
}

/// Helper trait to associate a module with its autodiff version.
pub trait HasAutodiffModule<B: AutodiffBackend> {
    /// The module with auto-differentiation.
    type TrainModule: AutodiffModule<B, InnerModule = Self>;
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    use crate::TestAutodiffBackend;
    use crate::test_utils::SimpleLinear;

    #[test]
    fn test_module_val_train_stateful() {
        let device = Default::default();
        let module = SimpleLinear::<TestAutodiffBackend>::new(4, 4, &device);

        assert!(module.weight.is_require_grad());
        assert!(module.weight.require_grad);

        let module = module.valid();
        assert!(!module.weight.is_require_grad());
        assert!(module.weight.require_grad); // stateful

        // Without `HasAutodiffModule`, we would need to specify the module type as well, which would be annoying
        // let module: SimpleLinear<TestAutodiffBackend> = module.train();
        let module = module.train::<TestAutodiffBackend>();
        assert!(module.weight.is_require_grad());
        assert!(module.weight.require_grad); // stateful

        let module = module.no_grad();
        assert!(!module.weight.is_require_grad());
        assert!(!module.weight.require_grad); // stateful

        let module = module.valid();
        assert!(!module.weight.is_require_grad()); // always
        assert!(!module.weight.require_grad); // stateful

        let module = module.train::<TestAutodiffBackend>();
        assert!(!module.weight.is_require_grad());
        assert!(!module.weight.require_grad); // stateful
    }
}