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rucc_ir/
opcode.rs

1//! The instruction set.
2//!
3//! Design: `spec/08-ir.md` section 8.3.
4//!
5//! The set is small enough to enumerate and it is closed. Adding an opcode is a spec change,
6//! because the verifier, the printer, the parser, the rewrite rules and the lowering all have
7//! to learn it, and an opcode that only half of them know about is a silent miscompilation
8//! waiting for the right input.
9//!
10//! Two things are deliberately absent. There is no `getelementptr`: pointer arithmetic is
11//! [`Opcode::PtrAdd`] over a byte offset the frontend computed, because C never needs the
12//! multi-index form and its absence removes a well known source of complexity. And there is no
13//! `phi`: values arriving at a block are the block's parameters, passed by the branch, so
14//! there is no operand list positionally tied to a predecessor list kept somewhere else.
15
16use std::fmt;
17
18/// One instruction of the IR.
19///
20/// The names are the textual form exactly, so [`Opcode::name`] and [`Opcode::from_name`] are
21/// what the printer and the parser use, and neither carries a table of its own that could
22/// drift from this one.
23///
24/// The enum is not `non_exhaustive`, deliberately. The set is closed, so a pass that matches
25/// on every opcode should stop compiling when one is added rather than fall into a wildcard
26/// arm that quietly does the wrong thing.
27#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
28pub enum Opcode {
29    // Constants. A constant is an instruction rather than an operand kind, so that every
30    // operand is a value and every value has one definition, which is what makes the
31    // dominance check in the verifier a single rule rather than a rule with exceptions.
32    /// An integer constant, `iconst.i32 7`.
33    IConst,
34    /// A floating point constant, `fconst.f64 0x1.8p+1`.
35    FConst,
36    /// A vector constant with every lane the same, `splat.i8x16 0`.
37    Splat,
38    /// The address of a global or a function, `global_addr @counter`.
39    GlobalAddr,
40    /// The address of a block in this function, `block_addr block3`.
41    ///
42    /// The one instruction that names a block without being a branch, which is what GNU's
43    /// `&&label` is. Where it goes is [`Opcode::IndirectBr`], and the two are only useful
44    /// together: an address on its own is a number that nothing can do anything with.
45    BlockAddr,
46
47    // Arithmetic.
48    /// Integer addition.
49    Add,
50    /// Integer subtraction.
51    Sub,
52    /// Integer multiplication.
53    Mul,
54    /// Signed division.
55    SDiv,
56    /// Unsigned division.
57    UDiv,
58    /// Signed remainder, with the sign of the dividend.
59    SRem,
60    /// Unsigned remainder.
61    URem,
62    /// Bitwise and.
63    And,
64    /// Bitwise or.
65    Or,
66    /// Bitwise exclusive or.
67    Xor,
68    /// Shift left.
69    Shl,
70    /// Logical shift right, shifting in zeroes.
71    LShr,
72    /// Arithmetic shift right, shifting in the sign bit.
73    AShr,
74    /// Floating point addition.
75    FAdd,
76    /// Floating point subtraction.
77    FSub,
78    /// Floating point multiplication.
79    FMul,
80    /// Floating point division.
81    FDiv,
82    /// Floating point remainder.
83    FRem,
84    /// Floating point negation, which flips the sign bit and is not `0 - x`.
85    FNeg,
86    /// Fused multiply-add, rounded once.
87    Fma,
88
89    // Comparison.
90    /// Integer comparison, producing `i1` or a vector of `i1`.
91    ICmp,
92    /// Floating point comparison, producing `i1` or a vector of `i1`.
93    FCmp,
94
95    // Selection.
96    /// One of two values, chosen by a bit. `select c, a, b` is `a` when `c` is one.
97    ///
98    /// This is what control flow becomes when it stops being control flow.
99    /// `spec/optimizer/22-phiopt-and-if-conversion.md` section 22.2 makes it the lowering target
100    /// for a diamond whose two arms compute a value, and the reason it is an opcode rather than a
101    /// pattern is that it is the form the rule set is written against: `select(c, a, a) -> a` and
102    /// `select(c, 1, 0) -> zext(c)` are ordinary rules once the shape has a name.
103    ///
104    /// Both arms are evaluated, which is the whole point and also the whole danger. Whatever
105    /// produces one of these owes the argument that evaluating the arm that is not chosen is
106    /// harmless, and section 22.6 is the list of ways that argument goes wrong.
107    Select,
108
109    // Conversion.
110    /// Narrows an integer, discarding the high bits.
111    Trunc,
112    /// Widens an integer, copying the sign bit.
113    SExt,
114    /// Widens an integer, filling with zeroes.
115    ZExt,
116    /// Narrows a floating point value.
117    FPTrunc,
118    /// Widens a floating point value.
119    FPExt,
120    /// Floating point to signed integer.
121    FPToSI,
122    /// Floating point to unsigned integer.
123    FPToUI,
124    /// Signed integer to floating point.
125    SIToFP,
126    /// Unsigned integer to floating point.
127    UIToFP,
128    /// An address to an integer of the same width.
129    PtrToInt,
130    /// An integer to an address.
131    IntToPtr,
132    /// A reinterpretation of the same bits at the same width.
133    Bitcast,
134
135    // Memory.
136    /// Memory as the function found it, which is where a memory SSA chain starts.
137    ///
138    /// It produces one `mem` and takes nothing, and it belongs at the top of the entry block.
139    /// GCC calls the same thing the default definition of `.MEM` and LLVM calls it
140    /// `liveOnEntry`. It exists as an instruction rather than as a parameter of the entry block
141    /// because the entry block's parameters are the function's parameters and the verifier
142    /// checks them against the signature, and memory is not an argument anybody passed.
143    MemEntry,
144    /// A stack slot. In the entry block, or marked dynamic for a variable length array.
145    Alloca,
146    /// A read.
147    Load,
148    /// A write, producing no value.
149    Store,
150    /// Address arithmetic: an address and a byte offset.
151    PtrAdd,
152    /// A copy of a known size between addresses that do not overlap.
153    Memcpy,
154    /// A copy of a known size between addresses that may overlap.
155    Memmove,
156    /// A fill of a known size with one byte.
157    Memset,
158    /// An atomic read.
159    AtomicLoad,
160    /// An atomic write.
161    AtomicStore,
162    /// An atomic read-modify-write, carrying which operation in [`RmwOp`](crate::RmwOp).
163    AtomicRmw,
164    /// An atomic compare and exchange, producing the old value and whether it succeeded.
165    Cmpxchg,
166    /// A memory barrier.
167    Fence,
168
169    // Memory safety. Design: `spec/safe-memory/06-instrumentation.md` section 6.2.2. None of
170    // these is emitted unless `-fsafety` asked for it, and a function compiled without it
171    // contains not one of them.
172    /// The capability of a pointer value, taken from the pointer's provenance.
173    CapOf,
174    /// The capability in the auxiliary slot beside a stored pointer, read back.
175    ///
176    /// A pointer written to memory and read again has to bring its capability with it, and where
177    /// the capability lives is document 05's question rather than this one's. What this says is
178    /// that a capability comes back from an address, which is enough for every pass above.
179    CapLoad,
180    /// The other half of [`Opcode::CapLoad`], writing one into the slot beside a pointer.
181    CapStore,
182    /// The capability that permits nothing, which is what a null pointer has.
183    CapNull,
184    /// A capability narrowed to a sub-object of what it covered.
185    ///
186    /// Only under `-fsafety-subobject`. Narrowing is what catches an overflow from one member of
187    /// a struct into the next, and it is separate because C code that walks off the end of a
188    /// member on purpose exists and a project has to be able to say so.
189    CapNarrow,
190    /// The capability for an address that arrived from outside, recovered from the planes.
191    CapRecover,
192    /// How many bytes from an address on the capability covers, asking for no more than a limit.
193    ///
194    /// Three operands, the capability, the address and how many bytes the asker wants, and one
195    /// integer result that is never more than that limit. It is what
196    /// `spec/safe-memory/07-check-elimination.md` section 7.4 needs to split a loop: the checked
197    /// part and the unchecked part are divided at `min(n, extent / sizeof(T))`, and the extent is
198    /// the half of that a compiler cannot work out on its own.
199    ///
200    /// The limit is an operand because under milestone S1 answering means walking the lifetime
201    /// plane, and a walk that stops at the number of bytes the loop was going to read anyway is
202    /// bounded by the work the loop is already doing. An answer smaller than the truth costs
203    /// iterations in the checked half and is never wrong, which is what makes stopping early
204    /// allowed. Once a capability carries its own bounds, which is milestone S2, this is a
205    /// subtraction on the capability and the limit is one `min`.
206    CapExtent,
207    /// An access is within its capability's bounds, aligned, and permitted.
208    ///
209    /// The size and the alignment are the access's, and they are in the memory payload rather
210    /// than in operands because they are what the front end knew and not what the program
211    /// computed.
212    ///
213    /// A third operand overrides how many bytes are asked about, and it exists for the one check
214    /// the front end did not write. `spec/safe-memory/07-check-elimination.md` section 7.4 replaces
215    /// the checks in a loop that runs `n` times with one check over `n * sizeof(T)` bytes, and that
216    /// is a length the program computes rather than one anybody knew when the access was parsed. The
217    /// payload still holds the alignment and the type information of the access the check came from,
218    /// and its size becomes the size of one of them rather than the size of the question.
219    CheckBounds,
220    /// The capability's provenance is still live.
221    CheckLive,
222    /// The access agrees with the type plane, which is the effective type rule of C 6.5.
223    CheckType,
224    /// The bytes the access reads have been written.
225    CheckInit,
226    /// A pointer derived from another stays inside the capability the first one had.
227    ///
228    /// Three operands, because the answer is about the new pointer and the question is about
229    /// the old one's capability.
230    CheckDeriv,
231    /// The metadata this access is about to consult has not been changed under it.
232    CheckRace,
233    /// A storage instance begins here, over a range, with a class.
234    ///
235    /// Judgement J4. This is the `alloca` for an automatic instance and the allocator's report
236    /// for an allocated one, and the range is a pointer and a length in registers rather than a
237    /// payload, because the length of a variable length array is not known when the instruction
238    /// is written down.
239    MetaBegin,
240    /// A storage instance ends here, which is judgement J5.
241    ///
242    /// Every capability for it fails from this point on and keeps failing after the address is
243    /// handed out again, which is what makes the check a use after free check rather than a use
244    /// after reallocation one.
245    MetaEnd,
246    /// The effective type of a range is now this one.
247    MetaType,
248    /// The bytes of a range are now initialized.
249    MetaInit,
250    /// A range leaves the monitor's authority, or comes back, which is judgement J7.
251    MetaTransfer,
252    /// A declared exemption starts here, with the reason it was declared.
253    ///
254    /// Not an optimization hint. Everything between this and its `safe_region_end` is code the
255    /// monitor is told not to judge, so the reason it carries is a trust set entry, and
256    /// `spec/safe-memory/10-boundaries.md` section 10.2 counts them per build precisely so that
257    /// a reviewer can read what a binary's guarantee rests on.
258    SafeRegionBegin,
259    /// The end of the region the last `safe_region_begin` opened.
260    SafeRegionEnd,
261
262    // Control. Every one of these is a terminator.
263    /// An unconditional branch, `jump block1(%a, %b)`.
264    Jump,
265    /// A two-way branch on an `i1`.
266    BrIf,
267    /// A multi-way branch on an integer, with a default.
268    Switch,
269    /// A branch to an address, `indirect_br %0, block1, block2`.
270    ///
271    /// The targets are every block control can arrive at, which is what makes the edges of a
272    /// computed `goto` ordinary edges: nothing else in the compiler has to know that the
273    /// address decides which one it is. A target that is not listed is a branch that does not
274    /// happen, so a frontend that leaves one out has made a promise on the program's behalf.
275    IndirectBr,
276    /// A return, with the values the signature says.
277    Return,
278    /// A place control cannot reach, which the frontend emits after a `noreturn` call.
279    Unreachable,
280
281    // Calls.
282    /// A call to a named function.
283    Call,
284    /// A call through an address, carrying the signature it is called with.
285    CallIndirect,
286    /// A call in tail position that reuses the frame, which is a terminator.
287    TailCall,
288
289    // Intrinsics, which is the closed part. The open part is `TargetIntrinsic`.
290    /// Count leading zeroes.
291    Ctlz,
292    /// Count trailing zeroes.
293    Cttz,
294    /// Count set bits.
295    Ctpop,
296    /// Reverse the bytes.
297    Bswap,
298    /// Reverse the bits.
299    Bitreverse,
300    /// Signed addition, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
301    SAddOverflow,
302    /// Unsigned addition, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
303    UAddOverflow,
304    /// Signed subtraction, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
305    SSubOverflow,
306    /// Unsigned subtraction, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
307    USubOverflow,
308    /// Signed multiplication, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
309    SMulOverflow,
310    /// Unsigned multiplication, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
311    UMulOverflow,
312    /// `__builtin_expect`, which is the value with a hint attached.
313    Expect,
314    /// `__builtin_unreachable` as a hint on a path, distinct from the terminator.
315    UnreachableHint,
316    /// `__builtin_prefetch`.
317    Prefetch,
318    /// `__builtin_frame_address`.
319    FrameAddress,
320    /// `__builtin_return_address`.
321    ReturnAddress,
322    /// The start of a variable argument list.
323    VaStart,
324    /// One argument off a variable argument list, which moves the list on as it reads it. Two
325    /// of these on one list are two arguments and never one argument read twice, so whatever
326    /// decides which instructions may be folded together has to leave these alone.
327    VaArg,
328    /// One argument off a variable argument list, when that argument is an object rather than a
329    /// value, which is what a `struct` or a `union` read out of one is.
330    ///
331    /// It answers the address of the object rather than the object, because an aggregate is not
332    /// a value and there is nothing for one result to be. Where the object arrives in registers
333    /// there is no address until something makes one, so what this asks of a target is a place
334    /// to put the registers and the address of that place, which is the copy every psABI's own
335    /// description of the algorithm makes. It moves the list on for the reason [`Opcode::VaArg`]
336    /// does.
337    VaObject,
338    /// The end of a variable argument list.
339    VaEnd,
340    /// A copy of a variable argument list.
341    VaCopy,
342    /// The stack pointer, saved before a variable length array.
343    StackSave,
344    /// The stack pointer, restored after one.
345    StackRestore,
346    /// The marker a `setjmp` leaves, which pins everything live across it.
347    SetjmpMarker,
348    /// The marker a `longjmp` leaves.
349    LongjmpMarker,
350    /// A target-specific intrinsic, named rather than enumerated, for the vector builtins.
351    TargetIntrinsic,
352
353    /// Inline assembly. A terminator when it has labels, which is `asm goto`.
354    InlineAsm,
355}
356
357impl Opcode {
358    /// The textual form, which is also what the parser reads.
359    #[must_use]
360    pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str {
361        match self {
362            Self::IConst => "iconst",
363            Self::FConst => "fconst",
364            Self::Splat => "splat",
365            Self::GlobalAddr => "global_addr",
366            Self::BlockAddr => "block_addr",
367            Self::Add => "add",
368            Self::Sub => "sub",
369            Self::Mul => "mul",
370            Self::SDiv => "sdiv",
371            Self::UDiv => "udiv",
372            Self::SRem => "srem",
373            Self::URem => "urem",
374            Self::And => "and",
375            Self::Or => "or",
376            Self::Xor => "xor",
377            Self::Shl => "shl",
378            Self::LShr => "lshr",
379            Self::AShr => "ashr",
380            Self::FAdd => "fadd",
381            Self::FSub => "fsub",
382            Self::FMul => "fmul",
383            Self::FDiv => "fdiv",
384            Self::FRem => "frem",
385            Self::FNeg => "fneg",
386            Self::Fma => "fma",
387            Self::ICmp => "icmp",
388            Self::FCmp => "fcmp",
389            Self::Select => "select",
390            Self::Trunc => "trunc",
391            Self::SExt => "sext",
392            Self::ZExt => "zext",
393            Self::FPTrunc => "fptrunc",
394            Self::FPExt => "fpext",
395            Self::FPToSI => "fptosi",
396            Self::FPToUI => "fptoui",
397            Self::SIToFP => "sitofp",
398            Self::UIToFP => "uitofp",
399            Self::PtrToInt => "ptrtoint",
400            Self::IntToPtr => "inttoptr",
401            Self::Bitcast => "bitcast",
402            Self::MemEntry => "mem_entry",
403            Self::Alloca => "alloca",
404            Self::Load => "load",
405            Self::Store => "store",
406            Self::PtrAdd => "ptr_add",
407            Self::Memcpy => "memcpy",
408            Self::Memmove => "memmove",
409            Self::Memset => "memset",
410            Self::AtomicLoad => "atomic_load",
411            Self::AtomicStore => "atomic_store",
412            Self::AtomicRmw => "atomic_rmw",
413            Self::Cmpxchg => "cmpxchg",
414            Self::Fence => "fence",
415            Self::CapOf => "cap_of",
416            Self::CapLoad => "cap_load",
417            Self::CapStore => "cap_store",
418            Self::CapNull => "cap_null",
419            Self::CapNarrow => "cap_narrow",
420            Self::CapRecover => "cap_recover",
421            Self::CapExtent => "cap_extent",
422            Self::CheckBounds => "check_bounds",
423            Self::CheckLive => "check_live",
424            Self::CheckType => "check_type",
425            Self::CheckInit => "check_init",
426            Self::CheckDeriv => "check_deriv",
427            Self::CheckRace => "check_race",
428            Self::MetaBegin => "meta_begin",
429            Self::MetaEnd => "meta_end",
430            Self::MetaType => "meta_type",
431            Self::MetaInit => "meta_init",
432            Self::MetaTransfer => "meta_transfer",
433            Self::SafeRegionBegin => "safe_region_begin",
434            Self::SafeRegionEnd => "safe_region_end",
435            Self::Jump => "jump",
436            Self::BrIf => "br_if",
437            Self::Switch => "switch",
438            Self::IndirectBr => "indirect_br",
439            Self::Return => "return",
440            Self::Unreachable => "unreachable",
441            Self::Call => "call",
442            Self::CallIndirect => "call_indirect",
443            Self::TailCall => "tail_call",
444            Self::Ctlz => "ctlz",
445            Self::Cttz => "cttz",
446            Self::Ctpop => "ctpop",
447            Self::Bswap => "bswap",
448            Self::Bitreverse => "bitreverse",
449            Self::SAddOverflow => "sadd_overflow",
450            Self::UAddOverflow => "uadd_overflow",
451            Self::SSubOverflow => "ssub_overflow",
452            Self::USubOverflow => "usub_overflow",
453            Self::SMulOverflow => "smul_overflow",
454            Self::UMulOverflow => "umul_overflow",
455            Self::Expect => "expect",
456            Self::UnreachableHint => "unreachable_hint",
457            Self::Prefetch => "prefetch",
458            Self::FrameAddress => "frame_address",
459            Self::ReturnAddress => "return_address",
460            Self::VaStart => "va_start",
461            Self::VaArg => "va_arg",
462            Self::VaObject => "va_object",
463            Self::VaEnd => "va_end",
464            Self::VaCopy => "va_copy",
465            Self::StackSave => "stacksave",
466            Self::StackRestore => "stackrestore",
467            Self::SetjmpMarker => "setjmp_marker",
468            Self::LongjmpMarker => "longjmp_marker",
469            Self::TargetIntrinsic => "target_intrinsic",
470            Self::InlineAsm => "inline_asm",
471        }
472    }
473
474    /// Every opcode, in the order they are declared.
475    ///
476    /// The parser walks this rather than holding a second table, because a second table is a
477    /// table that can disagree with the first one.
478    pub fn all() -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> {
479        ALL.iter().copied()
480    }
481
482    /// The opcode with that name, if there is one.
483    #[must_use]
484    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
485        ALL.iter().copied().find(|op| op.name() == name)
486    }
487
488    /// Whether this ends a block.
489    ///
490    /// [`Opcode::InlineAsm`] is not here and is the one instruction whose answer depends on
491    /// the instruction rather than on the opcode: `asm goto` has successors and everything
492    /// else does not. Ask the instruction, not the opcode.
493    #[must_use]
494    pub const fn is_terminator(self) -> bool {
495        matches!(
496            self,
497            Self::Jump
498                | Self::BrIf
499                | Self::Switch
500                | Self::IndirectBr
501                | Self::Return
502                | Self::Unreachable
503                | Self::TailCall
504        )
505    }
506
507    /// Whether the operands can be swapped without changing the result.
508    ///
509    /// The floating point cases are commutative even under the strictest rounding, because
510    /// swapping the operands of an addition does not change which of them is a NaN, and the
511    /// sign of a NaN result is not something we promise anything about either way.
512    #[must_use]
513    pub const fn is_commutative(self) -> bool {
514        matches!(
515            self,
516            Self::Add
517                | Self::Mul
518                | Self::And
519                | Self::Or
520                | Self::Xor
521                | Self::FAdd
522                | Self::FMul
523                | Self::SAddOverflow
524                | Self::UAddOverflow
525                | Self::SMulOverflow
526                | Self::UMulOverflow
527        )
528    }
529
530    /// Whether this reads or writes memory, or has an effect the optimizer has to preserve.
531    ///
532    /// An instruction that answers no can be deleted when nothing uses its result, moved
533    /// across a call, and merged with another one computing the same thing. Everything else
534    /// has to be argued about individually, so the conservative answer is the true one here
535    /// and the list of exceptions is the part that is checked.
536    #[must_use]
537    pub const fn has_effects(self) -> bool {
538        !matches!(
539            self,
540            Self::IConst
541                | Self::FConst
542                | Self::Splat
543                | Self::GlobalAddr
544                | Self::BlockAddr
545                | Self::Add
546                | Self::Sub
547                | Self::Mul
548                | Self::SDiv
549                | Self::UDiv
550                | Self::SRem
551                | Self::URem
552                | Self::And
553                | Self::Or
554                | Self::Xor
555                | Self::Shl
556                | Self::LShr
557                | Self::AShr
558                | Self::FAdd
559                | Self::FSub
560                | Self::FMul
561                | Self::FDiv
562                | Self::FRem
563                | Self::FNeg
564                | Self::Fma
565                | Self::ICmp
566                | Self::FCmp
567                | Self::Select
568                | Self::Trunc
569                | Self::SExt
570                | Self::ZExt
571                | Self::FPTrunc
572                | Self::FPExt
573                | Self::FPToSI
574                | Self::FPToUI
575                | Self::SIToFP
576                | Self::UIToFP
577                | Self::PtrToInt
578                | Self::IntToPtr
579                | Self::Bitcast
580                | Self::PtrAdd
581                | Self::Ctlz
582                | Self::Cttz
583                | Self::Ctpop
584                | Self::Bswap
585                | Self::Bitreverse
586                | Self::SAddOverflow
587                | Self::UAddOverflow
588                | Self::SSubOverflow
589                | Self::USubOverflow
590                | Self::SMulOverflow
591                | Self::UMulOverflow
592                | Self::Expect
593                | Self::FrameAddress
594                | Self::ReturnAddress
595                | Self::MemEntry
596                // Three of the capability instructions are arithmetic on a pointer's
597                // provenance and touch nothing. The other three do: `cap_load` and
598                // `cap_store` are an access, and `cap_recover` reads the planes.
599                | Self::CapOf
600                | Self::CapNull
601                | Self::CapNarrow
602        )
603    }
604
605    /// Whether an instruction with this opcode touches memory.
606    ///
607    /// This is what decides whether it takes a memory operand once memory SSA is built, per
608    /// document 09 of `spec/optimizer`. It is written as the exceptions to touching memory
609    /// rather than as a list of what does, for the reason document 08.6 gives about the escape
610    /// analysis: an opcode added later has to end up on the conservative side by default, and a
611    /// list of what touches memory would silently leave a new one out.
612    ///
613    /// `mem_entry` answers no. It produces memory rather than touching it, which is the whole
614    /// of what it is for.
615    #[must_use]
616    pub const fn touches_memory(self) -> bool {
617        if !self.has_effects() {
618            return false;
619        }
620        !matches!(
621            self,
622            // Fresh storage nothing could have been reading, and the pointer that names it.
623            Self::Alloca
624                // The stack pointer, which is a register and not memory. Putting it back is a
625                // different matter and is below, because it takes storage away.
626                | Self::StackSave
627                // Control, which goes somewhere rather than touching anything. A tail call is
628                // not here, because it is a call.
629                | Self::Jump
630                | Self::BrIf
631                | Self::Switch
632                | Self::IndirectBr
633                | Self::Return
634                | Self::Unreachable
635                | Self::UnreachableHint
636        )
637    }
638
639    /// Whether an instruction with this opcode writes memory, and so produces a new version of
640    /// it rather than only reading the version it was given.
641    ///
642    /// Everything that touches memory writes it except the ones that plainly do not. A `fence`
643    /// writes nothing and is still a write here, because document 09.5 says an atomic or a
644    /// barrier is a definition nothing walks past, and giving it one is how that is expressed
645    /// in a representation whose only ordering is the memory chain.
646    ///
647    /// The checks read the planes and change nothing, which
648    /// `spec/safe-memory/06-instrumentation.md` section 6.2.4 states as the word `readonly`. A
649    /// check that trapped is a program that stopped and there is no version of memory after it
650    /// for anything to observe, so the trap costs nothing here. What it does cost is that a
651    /// check may not be moved across a plane write, and that is the memory chain saying so
652    /// rather than this.
653    #[must_use]
654    pub const fn writes_memory(self) -> bool {
655        self.touches_memory()
656            && !matches!(
657                self,
658                Self::Load
659                    | Self::AtomicLoad
660                    | Self::Prefetch
661                    | Self::CapLoad
662                    | Self::CapRecover
663                    | Self::CapExtent
664                    | Self::CheckBounds
665                    | Self::CheckLive
666                    | Self::CheckType
667                    | Self::CheckInit
668                    | Self::CheckDeriv
669                    | Self::CheckRace
670            )
671    }
672
673    /// How many values this produces, for the opcodes where the count is fixed.
674    ///
675    /// `None` means the count comes from somewhere else: a call takes it from its signature,
676    /// and inline assembly takes it from its output constraints. A tail call is not one of
677    /// them, because whatever it returns goes straight out of the function and there is no
678    /// instruction after it to use anything.
679    #[must_use]
680    pub const fn results(self) -> Option<u8> {
681        match self {
682            Self::Call | Self::CallIndirect | Self::InlineAsm => None,
683            Self::Cmpxchg
684            | Self::SAddOverflow
685            | Self::UAddOverflow
686            | Self::SSubOverflow
687            | Self::USubOverflow
688            | Self::SMulOverflow
689            | Self::UMulOverflow => Some(2),
690            Self::Store
691            | Self::Memcpy
692            | Self::Memmove
693            | Self::Memset
694            | Self::AtomicStore
695            | Self::Fence
696            | Self::Prefetch
697            | Self::VaStart
698            | Self::VaEnd
699            | Self::VaCopy
700            | Self::StackRestore
701            | Self::UnreachableHint
702            | Self::SetjmpMarker
703            | Self::LongjmpMarker
704            | Self::CapStore
705            | Self::CheckBounds
706            | Self::CheckLive
707            | Self::CheckType
708            | Self::CheckInit
709            | Self::CheckDeriv
710            | Self::CheckRace
711            | Self::MetaBegin
712            | Self::MetaEnd
713            | Self::MetaType
714            | Self::MetaInit
715            | Self::MetaTransfer
716            | Self::SafeRegionBegin
717            | Self::SafeRegionEnd => Some(0),
718            _ if self.is_terminator() => Some(0),
719            _ => Some(1),
720        }
721    }
722
723    /// Whether an instruction with this opcode produces a capability.
724    ///
725    /// Five of the seven `cap` instructions. The other two consume one instead: `cap_store` writes
726    /// it beside a pointer and `cap_extent` asks it a question about itself and answers with a
727    /// number. The reason this is a question about the opcode rather than about the
728    /// result type is that the verifier asks it the other way round: it walks the results looking
729    /// for a `cap` and needs to know whether the instruction under it was entitled to make one.
730    #[must_use]
731    pub const fn makes_capability(self) -> bool {
732        matches!(
733            self,
734            Self::CapOf | Self::CapLoad | Self::CapNull | Self::CapNarrow | Self::CapRecover
735        )
736    }
737
738    /// Which payload an instruction with this opcode carries.
739    ///
740    /// The printer reads the payload it finds and does not need this. The parser has only the
741    /// opcode when it reaches the operands, so this is where the two of them agree on what
742    /// comes after them. An instruction carrying a payload of some other kind prints as text
743    /// the parser cannot read back, which is why the verifier checks it against
744    /// [`Extra::kind`](crate::Extra::kind) rather than leaving it to be found later.
745    #[must_use]
746    pub const fn extra_kind(self) -> ExtraKind {
747        match self {
748            Self::IConst | Self::FConst | Self::Splat => ExtraKind::Imm,
749            Self::GlobalAddr | Self::TargetIntrinsic => ExtraKind::Symbol,
750            Self::ICmp => ExtraKind::IntPred,
751            Self::FCmp => ExtraKind::FloatPred,
752            Self::Alloca
753            | Self::Load
754            | Self::Store
755            | Self::Memcpy
756            | Self::Memmove
757            | Self::Memset
758            | Self::AtomicLoad
759            | Self::AtomicStore
760            | Self::Cmpxchg
761            // Three of the checks are about a run of bytes and the payload is where the size
762            // of that run is, along with the alignment `check_bounds` wants and the aliasing
763            // node `check_type` compares against. The other three ask a question about a
764            // pointer and not about a range, so they carry nothing.
765            | Self::CheckBounds
766            | Self::CheckType
767            | Self::CheckInit => ExtraKind::Mem,
768            // The plane writes. What each one needs beyond the range is different, and the range
769            // itself is operands, since the length of a variable length array is a value.
770            Self::MetaBegin => ExtraKind::Class,
771            Self::MetaTransfer => ExtraKind::Owner,
772            Self::MetaType => ExtraKind::Node,
773            Self::SafeRegionBegin => ExtraKind::Reason,
774            Self::VaObject => ExtraKind::VaObject,
775            Self::AtomicRmw => ExtraKind::Rmw,
776            Self::Fence => ExtraKind::Order,
777            Self::Jump | Self::BrIf | Self::BlockAddr | Self::IndirectBr => ExtraKind::Targets,
778            Self::Switch => ExtraKind::Switch,
779            Self::Call | Self::CallIndirect | Self::TailCall => ExtraKind::Call,
780            Self::InlineAsm => ExtraKind::Asm,
781            _ => ExtraKind::None,
782        }
783    }
784}
785
786/// Which of [`Extra`](crate::Extra)'s shapes an instruction carries.
787///
788/// The same list of names, without any of the payloads, so that a question about an opcode can
789/// be answered without an instruction to look at.
790#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
791pub enum ExtraKind {
792    /// Nothing.
793    None,
794    /// A constant.
795    Imm,
796    /// A name.
797    Symbol,
798    /// An integer comparison predicate.
799    IntPred,
800    /// A floating point comparison predicate.
801    FloatPred,
802    /// An access.
803    Mem,
804    /// An atomic read-modify-write.
805    Rmw,
806    /// A barrier's ordering.
807    Order,
808    /// Branch targets.
809    Targets,
810    /// A call.
811    Call,
812    /// A `switch`.
813    Switch,
814    /// Inline assembly.
815    Asm,
816    /// An object read off a variable argument list.
817    VaObject,
818    /// What kind of storage an instance is.
819    Class,
820    /// Who a range of memory went to.
821    Owner,
822    /// A metadata node.
823    Node,
824    /// Why a declared exemption is there.
825    Reason,
826}
827
828impl ExtraKind {
829    /// What it is, in words, for a message that names two of them and has to read as English.
830    #[must_use]
831    pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str {
832        match self {
833            Self::None => "nothing",
834            Self::Imm => "a constant",
835            Self::Symbol => "a name",
836            Self::IntPred => "an integer comparison",
837            Self::FloatPred => "a floating point comparison",
838            Self::Mem => "an access",
839            Self::Rmw => "a read-modify-write",
840            Self::Order => "an ordering",
841            Self::Targets => "branch targets",
842            Self::Call => "a call",
843            Self::Switch => "a switch",
844            Self::Asm => "inline assembly",
845            Self::VaObject => "an object off a variable argument list",
846            Self::Class => "a storage class",
847            Self::Owner => "an owner",
848            Self::Node => "a metadata node",
849            Self::Reason => "a reason",
850        }
851    }
852}
853
854impl fmt::Display for Opcode {
855    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
856        f.write_str(self.name())
857    }
858}
859
860/// Every opcode, which is what [`Opcode::all`] hands out.
861///
862/// This is written out rather than derived, and the test below is what keeps it complete: it
863/// checks the count against [`Opcode::InlineAsm`], the last variant, so a new opcode that is
864/// not added here fails the build rather than going quietly missing from the parser.
865static ALL: &[Opcode] = &[
866    Opcode::IConst,
867    Opcode::FConst,
868    Opcode::Splat,
869    Opcode::GlobalAddr,
870    Opcode::BlockAddr,
871    Opcode::Add,
872    Opcode::Sub,
873    Opcode::Mul,
874    Opcode::SDiv,
875    Opcode::UDiv,
876    Opcode::SRem,
877    Opcode::URem,
878    Opcode::And,
879    Opcode::Or,
880    Opcode::Xor,
881    Opcode::Shl,
882    Opcode::LShr,
883    Opcode::AShr,
884    Opcode::FAdd,
885    Opcode::FSub,
886    Opcode::FMul,
887    Opcode::FDiv,
888    Opcode::FRem,
889    Opcode::FNeg,
890    Opcode::Fma,
891    Opcode::ICmp,
892    Opcode::FCmp,
893    Opcode::Select,
894    Opcode::Trunc,
895    Opcode::SExt,
896    Opcode::ZExt,
897    Opcode::FPTrunc,
898    Opcode::FPExt,
899    Opcode::FPToSI,
900    Opcode::FPToUI,
901    Opcode::SIToFP,
902    Opcode::UIToFP,
903    Opcode::PtrToInt,
904    Opcode::IntToPtr,
905    Opcode::Bitcast,
906    Opcode::MemEntry,
907    Opcode::Alloca,
908    Opcode::Load,
909    Opcode::Store,
910    Opcode::PtrAdd,
911    Opcode::Memcpy,
912    Opcode::Memmove,
913    Opcode::Memset,
914    Opcode::AtomicLoad,
915    Opcode::AtomicStore,
916    Opcode::AtomicRmw,
917    Opcode::Cmpxchg,
918    Opcode::Fence,
919    Opcode::CapOf,
920    Opcode::CapLoad,
921    Opcode::CapStore,
922    Opcode::CapNull,
923    Opcode::CapNarrow,
924    Opcode::CapRecover,
925    Opcode::CapExtent,
926    Opcode::CheckBounds,
927    Opcode::CheckLive,
928    Opcode::CheckType,
929    Opcode::CheckInit,
930    Opcode::CheckDeriv,
931    Opcode::CheckRace,
932    Opcode::MetaBegin,
933    Opcode::MetaEnd,
934    Opcode::MetaType,
935    Opcode::MetaInit,
936    Opcode::MetaTransfer,
937    Opcode::SafeRegionBegin,
938    Opcode::SafeRegionEnd,
939    Opcode::Jump,
940    Opcode::BrIf,
941    Opcode::Switch,
942    Opcode::IndirectBr,
943    Opcode::Return,
944    Opcode::Unreachable,
945    Opcode::Call,
946    Opcode::CallIndirect,
947    Opcode::TailCall,
948    Opcode::Ctlz,
949    Opcode::Cttz,
950    Opcode::Ctpop,
951    Opcode::Bswap,
952    Opcode::Bitreverse,
953    Opcode::SAddOverflow,
954    Opcode::UAddOverflow,
955    Opcode::SSubOverflow,
956    Opcode::USubOverflow,
957    Opcode::SMulOverflow,
958    Opcode::UMulOverflow,
959    Opcode::Expect,
960    Opcode::UnreachableHint,
961    Opcode::Prefetch,
962    Opcode::FrameAddress,
963    Opcode::ReturnAddress,
964    Opcode::VaStart,
965    Opcode::VaArg,
966    Opcode::VaObject,
967    Opcode::VaEnd,
968    Opcode::VaCopy,
969    Opcode::StackSave,
970    Opcode::StackRestore,
971    Opcode::SetjmpMarker,
972    Opcode::LongjmpMarker,
973    Opcode::TargetIntrinsic,
974    Opcode::InlineAsm,
975];
976
977/// The ten integer comparisons.
978///
979/// Signedness is on the predicate rather than on the type, for the same reason it is on
980/// `sdiv` and `udiv`: the type space is halved and the operation says what it means.
981#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
982pub enum IntPred {
983    /// Equal.
984    Eq,
985    /// Not equal.
986    Ne,
987    /// Signed less than.
988    Slt,
989    /// Signed less than or equal.
990    Sle,
991    /// Signed greater than.
992    Sgt,
993    /// Signed greater than or equal.
994    Sge,
995    /// Unsigned less than.
996    Ult,
997    /// Unsigned less than or equal.
998    Ule,
999    /// Unsigned greater than.
1000    Ugt,
1001    /// Unsigned greater than or equal.
1002    Uge,
1003}
1004
1005impl IntPred {
1006    /// The textual form.
1007    #[must_use]
1008    pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str {
1009        match self {
1010            Self::Eq => "eq",
1011            Self::Ne => "ne",
1012            Self::Slt => "slt",
1013            Self::Sle => "sle",
1014            Self::Sgt => "sgt",
1015            Self::Sge => "sge",
1016            Self::Ult => "ult",
1017            Self::Ule => "ule",
1018            Self::Ugt => "ugt",
1019            Self::Uge => "uge",
1020        }
1021    }
1022
1023    /// The predicate with that name, if there is one.
1024    #[must_use]
1025    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
1026        Self::all().find(|pred| pred.name() == name)
1027    }
1028
1029    /// Every predicate.
1030    pub fn all() -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> {
1031        [
1032            Self::Eq,
1033            Self::Ne,
1034            Self::Slt,
1035            Self::Sle,
1036            Self::Sgt,
1037            Self::Sge,
1038            Self::Ult,
1039            Self::Ule,
1040            Self::Ugt,
1041            Self::Uge,
1042        ]
1043        .into_iter()
1044    }
1045
1046    /// The predicate that holds exactly when this one does not.
1047    #[must_use]
1048    pub const fn inverse(self) -> Self {
1049        match self {
1050            Self::Eq => Self::Ne,
1051            Self::Ne => Self::Eq,
1052            Self::Slt => Self::Sge,
1053            Self::Sge => Self::Slt,
1054            Self::Sle => Self::Sgt,
1055            Self::Sgt => Self::Sle,
1056            Self::Ult => Self::Uge,
1057            Self::Uge => Self::Ult,
1058            Self::Ule => Self::Ugt,
1059            Self::Ugt => Self::Ule,
1060        }
1061    }
1062
1063    /// The predicate that holds when the operands are given the other way round.
1064    #[must_use]
1065    pub const fn swapped(self) -> Self {
1066        match self {
1067            Self::Eq => Self::Eq,
1068            Self::Ne => Self::Ne,
1069            Self::Slt => Self::Sgt,
1070            Self::Sgt => Self::Slt,
1071            Self::Sle => Self::Sge,
1072            Self::Sge => Self::Sle,
1073            Self::Ult => Self::Ugt,
1074            Self::Ugt => Self::Ult,
1075            Self::Ule => Self::Uge,
1076            Self::Uge => Self::Ule,
1077        }
1078    }
1079
1080    /// Whether this reads its operands as signed. Equality reads them as neither.
1081    #[must_use]
1082    pub const fn is_signed(self) -> bool {
1083        matches!(self, Self::Slt | Self::Sle | Self::Sgt | Self::Sge)
1084    }
1085}
1086
1087impl fmt::Display for IntPred {
1088    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
1089        f.write_str(self.name())
1090    }
1091}
1092
1093/// The floating point comparisons, ordered and unordered.
1094///
1095/// An ordered predicate is false if either operand is a NaN, and an unordered one is true. C's
1096/// `<` is `olt` and C's `!=` is `une`, which is the whole of why both families are here.
1097#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
1098pub enum FloatPred {
1099    /// Always false.
1100    False,
1101    /// Ordered and equal.
1102    Oeq,
1103    /// Ordered and greater than.
1104    Ogt,
1105    /// Ordered and greater than or equal.
1106    Oge,
1107    /// Ordered and less than.
1108    Olt,
1109    /// Ordered and less than or equal.
1110    Ole,
1111    /// Ordered and not equal.
1112    One,
1113    /// Ordered, which is to say neither operand is a NaN.
1114    Ord,
1115    /// Unordered, which is to say one of them is.
1116    Uno,
1117    /// Unordered or equal.
1118    Ueq,
1119    /// Unordered or greater than.
1120    Ugt,
1121    /// Unordered or greater than or equal.
1122    Uge,
1123    /// Unordered or less than.
1124    Ult,
1125    /// Unordered or less than or equal.
1126    Ule,
1127    /// Unordered or not equal.
1128    Une,
1129    /// Always true.
1130    True,
1131}
1132
1133impl FloatPred {
1134    /// The textual form.
1135    #[must_use]
1136    pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str {
1137        match self {
1138            Self::False => "false",
1139            Self::Oeq => "oeq",
1140            Self::Ogt => "ogt",
1141            Self::Oge => "oge",
1142            Self::Olt => "olt",
1143            Self::Ole => "ole",
1144            Self::One => "one",
1145            Self::Ord => "ord",
1146            Self::Uno => "uno",
1147            Self::Ueq => "ueq",
1148            Self::Ugt => "ugt",
1149            Self::Uge => "uge",
1150            Self::Ult => "ult",
1151            Self::Ule => "ule",
1152            Self::Une => "une",
1153            Self::True => "true",
1154        }
1155    }
1156
1157    /// The predicate with that name, if there is one.
1158    #[must_use]
1159    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
1160        Self::all().find(|pred| pred.name() == name)
1161    }
1162
1163    /// Every predicate.
1164    pub fn all() -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> {
1165        [
1166            Self::False,
1167            Self::Oeq,
1168            Self::Ogt,
1169            Self::Oge,
1170            Self::Olt,
1171            Self::Ole,
1172            Self::One,
1173            Self::Ord,
1174            Self::Uno,
1175            Self::Ueq,
1176            Self::Ugt,
1177            Self::Uge,
1178            Self::Ult,
1179            Self::Ule,
1180            Self::Une,
1181            Self::True,
1182        ]
1183        .into_iter()
1184    }
1185
1186    /// The predicate that holds exactly when this one does not.
1187    #[must_use]
1188    pub const fn inverse(self) -> Self {
1189        match self {
1190            Self::False => Self::True,
1191            Self::Oeq => Self::Une,
1192            Self::Ogt => Self::Ule,
1193            Self::Oge => Self::Ult,
1194            Self::Olt => Self::Uge,
1195            Self::Ole => Self::Ugt,
1196            Self::One => Self::Ueq,
1197            Self::Ord => Self::Uno,
1198            Self::Uno => Self::Ord,
1199            Self::Ueq => Self::One,
1200            Self::Ugt => Self::Ole,
1201            Self::Uge => Self::Olt,
1202            Self::Ult => Self::Oge,
1203            Self::Ule => Self::Ogt,
1204            Self::Une => Self::Oeq,
1205            Self::True => Self::False,
1206        }
1207    }
1208
1209    /// The predicate that holds when the operands are given the other way round.
1210    #[must_use]
1211    pub const fn swapped(self) -> Self {
1212        match self {
1213            Self::Ogt => Self::Olt,
1214            Self::Olt => Self::Ogt,
1215            Self::Oge => Self::Ole,
1216            Self::Ole => Self::Oge,
1217            Self::Ugt => Self::Ult,
1218            Self::Ult => Self::Ugt,
1219            Self::Uge => Self::Ule,
1220            Self::Ule => Self::Uge,
1221            same => same,
1222        }
1223    }
1224
1225    /// Whether this is false when either operand is a NaN.
1226    ///
1227    /// [`FloatPred::False`] and [`FloatPred::True`] are neither ordered nor unordered, since
1228    /// they do not look at their operands at all, and both answer no here.
1229    #[must_use]
1230    pub const fn is_ordered(self) -> bool {
1231        matches!(
1232            self,
1233            Self::Oeq | Self::Ogt | Self::Oge | Self::Olt | Self::Ole | Self::One | Self::Ord
1234        )
1235    }
1236}
1237
1238impl fmt::Display for FloatPred {
1239    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
1240        f.write_str(self.name())
1241    }
1242}
1243
1244#[cfg(test)]
1245mod tests {
1246    use super::*;
1247
1248    #[test]
1249    fn every_opcode_is_in_the_table() {
1250        // `InlineAsm` is the last variant, so its discriminant plus one is how many there are.
1251        // A new opcode declared after it moves this number, and a new opcode declared before
1252        // it and not added to `ALL` moves the length, so either mistake fails here.
1253        assert_eq!(ALL.len(), Opcode::InlineAsm as usize + 1);
1254        for (position, &op) in ALL.iter().enumerate() {
1255            assert_eq!(op as usize, position, "{op} is out of order in ALL");
1256        }
1257    }
1258
1259    #[test]
1260    fn every_opcode_name_is_one_word_the_reader_can_take() {
1261        // The textual form keeps the dot for the type suffix and the flags, so an opcode with a
1262        // dot in it reads back as a shorter opcode with a suffix that is not a type. The safety
1263        // instructions are spelled `cap_of` and not `cap.of` for this reason, and the
1264        // specification says so at `spec/safe-memory/06-instrumentation.md` section 6.2.2.
1265        for opcode in Opcode::all() {
1266            let name = opcode.name();
1267            assert!(!name.is_empty(), "an opcode with no name");
1268            assert!(
1269                name.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_lowercase() || b.is_ascii_digit() || b == b'_'),
1270                "{name} is not one word"
1271            );
1272        }
1273    }
1274
1275    #[test]
1276    fn every_opcode_has_its_own_name_and_finds_it_again() {
1277        let mut names: Vec<&str> = Opcode::all().map(Opcode::name).collect();
1278        let total = names.len();
1279        names.sort_unstable();
1280        names.dedup();
1281        assert_eq!(names.len(), total, "two opcodes share a name");
1282        for op in Opcode::all() {
1283            assert_eq!(Opcode::from_name(op.name()), Some(op));
1284        }
1285        assert_eq!(Opcode::from_name("phi"), None);
1286        assert_eq!(Opcode::from_name("getelementptr"), None);
1287        assert_eq!(Opcode::from_name(""), None);
1288    }
1289
1290    #[test]
1291    fn the_terminators_are_the_ones_control_leaves_by() {
1292        let terminators: Vec<&str> =
1293            Opcode::all().filter(|op| op.is_terminator()).map(Opcode::name).collect();
1294        assert_eq!(
1295            terminators,
1296            ["jump", "br_if", "switch", "indirect_br", "return", "unreachable", "tail_call"]
1297        );
1298    }
1299
1300    #[test]
1301    fn a_terminator_produces_nothing() {
1302        for op in Opcode::all().filter(|op| op.is_terminator()) {
1303            assert_eq!(op.results(), Some(0), "{op}");
1304        }
1305    }
1306
1307    #[test]
1308    fn the_pair_producing_opcodes_are_the_ones_with_a_flag_beside_the_value() {
1309        let pairs: Vec<&str> =
1310            Opcode::all().filter(|op| op.results() == Some(2)).map(Opcode::name).collect();
1311        assert_eq!(
1312            pairs,
1313            [
1314                "cmpxchg",
1315                "sadd_overflow",
1316                "uadd_overflow",
1317                "ssub_overflow",
1318                "usub_overflow",
1319                "smul_overflow",
1320                "umul_overflow"
1321            ]
1322        );
1323    }
1324
1325    #[test]
1326    fn the_capability_instructions_are_the_ones_that_make_a_capability() {
1327        let makers: Vec<Opcode> = Opcode::all().filter(|op| op.makes_capability()).collect();
1328        assert_eq!(
1329            makers,
1330            vec![
1331                Opcode::CapOf,
1332                Opcode::CapLoad,
1333                Opcode::CapNull,
1334                Opcode::CapNarrow,
1335                Opcode::CapRecover
1336            ]
1337        );
1338        // The other two read a capability rather than making one. `cap_store` writes it out and
1339        // produces nothing at all, and `cap_extent` answers with a number.
1340        assert!(!Opcode::CapStore.makes_capability());
1341        assert_eq!(Opcode::CapStore.results(), Some(0));
1342        assert!(!Opcode::CapExtent.makes_capability());
1343        assert_eq!(Opcode::CapExtent.results(), Some(1));
1344        for opcode in makers {
1345            assert_eq!(opcode.results(), Some(1), "{}", opcode.name());
1346        }
1347    }
1348
1349    #[test]
1350    fn a_check_reads_the_planes_and_writes_nothing() {
1351        let checks = [
1352            Opcode::CheckBounds,
1353            Opcode::CheckLive,
1354            Opcode::CheckType,
1355            Opcode::CheckInit,
1356            Opcode::CheckDeriv,
1357            Opcode::CheckRace,
1358        ];
1359        for opcode in checks {
1360            let name = opcode.name();
1361            // It traps, so it stays where it was put and nothing deletes it for having no
1362            // result. It reads a plane, so it takes a memory operand. It writes nothing, so
1363            // the access after it reads the version the check was given.
1364            assert!(opcode.has_effects(), "{name}");
1365            assert!(opcode.touches_memory(), "{name}");
1366            assert!(!opcode.writes_memory(), "{name}");
1367            assert_eq!(opcode.results(), Some(0), "{name}");
1368        }
1369    }
1370
1371    #[test]
1372    fn the_capability_instructions_that_touch_memory_are_the_four_that_have_to() {
1373        // `cap_load` and `cap_store` are an access to the slot beside a pointer, and `cap_recover`
1374        // and `cap_extent` read the planes. The other three are arithmetic on a provenance the
1375        // program already had, so the optimizer may treat them as it treats `ptr_add`.
1376        assert!(!Opcode::CapOf.has_effects());
1377        assert!(!Opcode::CapNull.has_effects());
1378        assert!(!Opcode::CapNarrow.has_effects());
1379        assert!(Opcode::CapLoad.touches_memory() && !Opcode::CapLoad.writes_memory());
1380        assert!(Opcode::CapRecover.touches_memory() && !Opcode::CapRecover.writes_memory());
1381        assert!(Opcode::CapExtent.touches_memory() && !Opcode::CapExtent.writes_memory());
1382        assert!(Opcode::CapStore.writes_memory());
1383    }
1384
1385    #[test]
1386    fn memory_has_effects_and_arithmetic_does_not() {
1387        for op in [Opcode::Load, Opcode::Store, Opcode::Call, Opcode::Alloca, Opcode::Fence] {
1388            assert!(op.has_effects(), "{op}");
1389        }
1390        for op in [Opcode::Add, Opcode::FDiv, Opcode::ICmp, Opcode::PtrAdd, Opcode::IConst] {
1391            assert!(!op.has_effects(), "{op}");
1392        }
1393    }
1394
1395    #[test]
1396    fn commuting_is_only_claimed_where_it_holds() {
1397        assert!(Opcode::Add.is_commutative());
1398        assert!(Opcode::FAdd.is_commutative());
1399        assert!(!Opcode::Sub.is_commutative());
1400        assert!(!Opcode::FDiv.is_commutative());
1401        assert!(!Opcode::Shl.is_commutative());
1402    }
1403
1404    #[test]
1405    fn an_integer_predicate_inverts_and_swaps_back_to_itself() {
1406        for pred in IntPred::all() {
1407            assert_eq!(pred.inverse().inverse(), pred);
1408            assert_eq!(pred.swapped().swapped(), pred);
1409            assert_eq!(IntPred::from_name(pred.name()), Some(pred));
1410        }
1411        assert_eq!(IntPred::Slt.inverse(), IntPred::Sge);
1412        assert_eq!(IntPred::Slt.swapped(), IntPred::Sgt);
1413        assert_eq!(IntPred::from_name("lt"), None);
1414    }
1415
1416    #[test]
1417    fn a_floating_predicate_inverts_across_the_ordered_line() {
1418        for pred in FloatPred::all() {
1419            assert_eq!(pred.inverse().inverse(), pred);
1420            assert_eq!(pred.swapped().swapped(), pred);
1421            assert_eq!(FloatPred::from_name(pred.name()), Some(pred));
1422        }
1423        // Inverting has to cross the line, because the negation of an ordered comparison is
1424        // true when an operand is a NaN. This is where `!(a < b)` stops being `a >= b`. The
1425        // two constants are outside it: neither of them looks at its operands.
1426        for pred in FloatPred::all().filter(|p| !matches!(p, FloatPred::False | FloatPred::True)) {
1427            assert_ne!(pred.is_ordered(), pred.inverse().is_ordered(), "{pred}");
1428        }
1429        assert_eq!(FloatPred::Olt.inverse(), FloatPred::Uge);
1430        assert_eq!(FloatPred::Olt.swapped(), FloatPred::Ogt);
1431    }
1432
1433    #[test]
1434    fn swapping_a_predicate_keeps_it_ordered_or_unordered() {
1435        for pred in FloatPred::all() {
1436            assert_eq!(pred.is_ordered(), pred.swapped().is_ordered(), "{pred}");
1437        }
1438        for pred in IntPred::all() {
1439            assert_eq!(pred.is_signed(), pred.swapped().is_signed(), "{pred}");
1440        }
1441    }
1442
1443    #[test]
1444    fn no_two_predicates_share_a_name_within_their_family() {
1445        for names in [
1446            IntPred::all().map(IntPred::name).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
1447            FloatPred::all().map(FloatPred::name).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
1448        ] {
1449            let total = names.len();
1450            let mut names = names;
1451            names.sort_unstable();
1452            names.dedup();
1453            assert_eq!(names.len(), total);
1454        }
1455    }
1456}