rto_graph/

extract.rs

//! Extraction: turning the bytes of a source blob into a [`FactSet`].
//!
//! Extraction must be a deterministic pure function of `(path, blob_id, bytes)`
//! so its output can be cached; because the facts are path-dependent (node keys
//! are path-scoped), the cache is keyed by both path and blob id (see
//! [`crate::sync`]). [`Registry`] dispatches by file extension to a
//! language-aware extractor ([`RustExtractor`]), falling back to
//! [`FileNodeExtractor`] for files with no registered language.
//!
//! Language extractors emit `defines`/`contains`/`imports` edges directly, and
//! record each function's callee names in the caller node's `meta.calls`. Call
//! *edges* are resolved later, at assembly time, once every file's symbols are
//! known (see [`crate::sync`]) — a single blob cannot resolve cross-file calls.

use crate::{Edge, EdgeKind, FactSet, Node, NodeKind, Provenance, Span};

/// Version of the extraction *output* (node/edge shape and captured `meta`).
/// Bump whenever extraction changes what it produces, so the content-addressed
/// cache (keyed by blob oid + path) does not serve stale facts for an unchanged
/// blob — the version is folded into the cache key. See [`crate::sync`].
///
/// The `pdf-text`, `image-ocr` and `audio-metadata` features change what PDFs,
/// images and audio blobs extract to, so each occupies a distinct version
/// namespace: a feature build and a default build never serve each other stale
/// (content-bearing vs content-free) facts from a shared cache. (OCR output also depends on *which* models are
/// installed; that runtime state is folded into the cache key separately — see
/// [`media_env_tag`] and [`crate::sync`].)
///
/// `image-vision` and `audio-transcribe` deliberately have **no namespace here
/// any more**: since ADR-0015 they change nothing about extraction output, so
/// they must not perturb a cache key. What they produce is generated content,
/// which lives in [`crate::media`].
///
/// # Changing this number
///
/// **No test pins its value, deliberately.** A bump is the correct response to a
/// real change in extraction output, so it must not also be a test failure —
/// pinning it made every legitimate bump land on whoever tripped the guard, who
/// then had to work out whether they had broken an invariant or merely renumbered
/// a constant. Tests assert what the version is *for* instead: that it is folded
/// into the cache key (`sync::tests::cache_key_separates_paths_but_is_stable`),
/// that a changed identity re-extracts at an unchanged tree, and that work which
/// is not extraction cannot perturb it
/// (`tests/sync.rs::memory_writes_do_not_invalidate_the_fact_cache`). So if a
/// test *does* fail when you bump this, it is reporting a real coupling, not the
/// number. Record the bump in the history comment below and in the ADR that
/// motivates it; that record, and review, are what keep bumps honest.
// Bumped 5 → 6 for config-key nodes (ADR-0009): config files now emit
// `config_key` nodes, so cached extraction facts must be regenerated. Bumped
// 6 → 7 for YAML config keys + Dockerfile `image_ref` nodes (ADR-0009 derived
// deploy-artifact extraction). Bumped 7 → 8 for struct `meta.fields` (the named
// field list a struct declares) — the signal the config_key→struct follow bridge
// joins on, so cached struct facts must be regenerated to carry it. Bumped 8 → 9
// for struct `meta.field_types` / `meta.config_root` and the `config_key` nodes
// synthesized from a `@rto:config`-marked config-root struct's declared fields
// (see [`RustWalk::synthesize_config_keys`]), so cached facts regenerate to carry
// these new nodes/meta. Bumped 9 → 10 for ADR-0015: ASR transcripts and VLM
// descriptions are no longer written into `meta.content` at all, so every cached
// fact set that carries one must be regenerated without it. The `image-vision`
// (+400) and `audio-transcribe` (+800) namespaces are dropped in the same change,
// because those features no longer affect extraction output. Bumped 10 → 11 for
// ADR-0016: audio blobs now emit an `audio_stream` node carrying the container's
// own account of the stream, so cached fact sets must be regenerated. The
// `audio-metadata` namespace (+400) reoccupies `image-vision`'s retired slot —
// safe because the base version moved with it, so no historical key can collide,
// and because the namespaces are powers of ten *bit* values (100/200/400/800)
// that must stay disjoint: +300 would alias a `pdf-text` + `image-ocr` build.
// Bumped 11 → 12 for the marker-needle correction: the bare word `placeholder`
// is no longer a `stub` needle (it scored 0% precision — 36 of 36 findings on
// this repository named an implemented concept), replaced by the two phrases
// that predicate incompleteness of an implementation. The next line names them,
// and so carries the inline opt-out rather than reporting itself — the same
// reason `markers.rs` carries the file-level one:
// `placeholder implementation` / `returns a placeholder`.  roteiro:ignore
// [`crate::markers::augment`] runs inside extraction, so every cached fact set
// holding one of those 36 must be regenerated without it; without the bump a
// cached blob keeps serving the phantom marker until its bytes happen to
// change. No namespace moves: this is a base-version change only, unconditional
// across every feature combination.
pub(crate) const EXTRACT_VERSION: u32 = EXTRACT_BASE_VERSION
    + if cfg!(feature = "pdf-text") { 100 } else { 0 }
    + if cfg!(feature = "image-ocr") { 200 } else { 0 }
    + if cfg!(feature = "audio-metadata") {
        400
    } else {
        0
    };

/// The **generation** half of [`EXTRACT_VERSION`]: what a bump above counts, with
/// no feature namespace added. Monotone, global, and identical in every build —
/// which is what makes it, and not [`EXTRACT_VERSION`], the thing an entry's
/// reachability can be decided against (see [`crate::sync::sweep_superseded`]).
///
/// The split was always there, encoded in the arithmetic; naming it only makes
/// it readable.
///
/// **12 → 13** (#609): config files now yield `image_ref` nodes for the container
/// images they declare, so every already-cached config blob must be re-extracted.
/// Without the bump a spoke's `values.yaml` keeps serving the fact set it produced
/// before this existed — no `image_ref`, and therefore no detectable pin — until
/// its bytes happen to change, which for a deployment repo pinning a stable
/// version is precisely when it does not. Unconditional and namespace-free: this
/// is a base-version change across every feature combination.
pub(crate) const EXTRACT_BASE_VERSION: u32 = 13;

/// The stride between feature namespaces above. Each of the three
/// extraction-affecting features occupies a distinct power-of-ten *bit* slot
/// (100/200/400 — see the history above), so a namespace is always a whole
/// multiple of this and the base is always the remainder.
pub(crate) const FEATURE_NAMESPACE_STRIDE: u32 = 100;

// The key grammar depends on this: `v{EXTRACT_VERSION}` is decodable back into
// (base, namespace) only while the base stays below the stride. It has always
// depended on it — a base of 100 with no features would have written the same
// `v100` as a base of 0 in a `pdf-text` build, aliasing two generations onto one
// key — so this asserts an existing invariant rather than adding one. If the
// base ever approaches 100, widen the stride (and the namespaces with it) in the
// same change; do not let it wrap.
const _: () = assert!(
    EXTRACT_BASE_VERSION < FEATURE_NAMESPACE_STRIDE,
    "EXTRACT_BASE_VERSION must stay below FEATURE_NAMESPACE_STRIDE, or a version \
     tag stops decoding into (generation, feature namespace)"
);

/// Max characters of embeddable content (markdown body / doc-comment / PDF text)
/// captured into a node's `meta.content`, to keep the store small while giving
/// inference real text to embed.
const MAX_CONTENT: usize = 1500;

/// PDFs larger than this are not text-extracted — `pdf-extract` builds the full
/// document text in memory, so cap the work a pathological file can impose.
#[cfg(feature = "pdf-text")]
const MAX_PDF_BYTES: usize = 20 * 1024 * 1024;

/// Images with more pixels than this are not processed — OCR/VLM time scales with
/// pixel count, and this also guards against decompression bombs (the dimension is
/// read from the header before the pixels are decoded).
#[cfg(any(feature = "image-ocr", feature = "image-vision"))]
const MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS: u64 = 4096 * 4096;

/// Turns one source blob into the nodes and edges derived from it.
pub trait Extractor {
    /// Extract a [`FactSet`] from a blob's `path`, git `blob_id`, and `bytes`.
    ///
    /// Implementations must be deterministic: identical inputs must always
    /// produce an identical fact set.
    fn extract(&self, path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> FactSet;

    /// Runtime inputs — beyond `(path, bytes)` — that change extraction output
    /// and so must be folded into the sync cache key: the installed OCR-model
    /// identity and any [`IngestConfig`] toggles that gate *extraction*. The
    /// default is the media-model tag alone; [`Registry`] additionally folds in
    /// its ingestion config so toggling content off re-extracts affected blobs
    /// instead of serving stale, content-bearing facts.
    fn env_tag(&self) -> u64 {
        media_env_tag()
    }
}

/// Runtime ingestion toggles (ADR-0007 `[ingest]`). Every toggle defaults to
/// **on**, and a toggle only gates content *within a build that supports it* —
/// turning `pdf` on cannot extract PDF text in a binary built without the
/// `pdf-text` feature, but turning it off suppresses that content in a binary
/// that has it.
///
/// The five toggles split into two groups, and the split is the ADR-0015
/// boundary:
///
/// - `prose`, `pdf` and `ocr` gate **extraction**: what is decoded from the bytes
///   into `meta.content` as a `derived` fact. They contribute to the extraction
///   cache key, because turning one off changes what extraction produces.
/// - `vision` and `audio` gate **generation**: whether `roteiro media build` may
///   invoke a model at all. They no longer touch extraction, so they contribute
///   nothing to the cache key — a repository that sets `audio = false` gets
///   exactly the derived facts it would get with it on.
// Five independent content toggles: a flat bool-per-class struct is the clearest
// representation (a state enum or bitflags would obscure, not clarify).
#[allow(clippy::struct_excessive_bools)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct IngestConfig {
    /// Embed the UTF-8 body of prose files (Markdown, plain text).
    pub prose: bool,
    /// Extract text from PDF documents (needs the `pdf-text` feature).
    pub pdf: bool,
    /// OCR literal text from images (needs the `image-ocr` feature).
    pub ocr: bool,
    /// Allow `roteiro media build` to describe images with a vision model (needs
    /// the `image-vision` feature). Since ADR-0015 this gates *generation*, not
    /// extraction: a description is never written to `meta.content`.
    pub vision: bool,
    /// Allow `roteiro media build` to transcribe spoken-word audio (needs the
    /// `audio-transcribe` feature). Gates *generation*, as `vision` does.
    pub audio: bool,
}

impl Default for IngestConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            prose: true,
            pdf: true,
            ocr: true,
            vision: true,
            audio: true,
        }
    }
}

impl IngestConfig {
    /// A cache-key contribution that is **`0` when every extraction toggle is
    /// on** (the default), so the common case leaves existing cache keys
    /// untouched. Each disabled toggle sets a distinct bit, so turning content
    /// off changes the key and re-extracts affected blobs.
    ///
    /// Only the *extraction* toggles appear. `vision` and `audio` gate
    /// generation, which no consumer of this key can observe (ADR-0015), and
    /// folding them in would force a full re-extraction for a setting that
    /// changes no derived fact.
    fn disabled_bits(self) -> u64 {
        u64::from(!self.prose) | (u64::from(!self.pdf) << 1) | (u64::from(!self.ocr) << 2)
    }

    /// Whether this configuration permits `roteiro media build` to run `kind`.
    /// An operator can disable generation outright without touching the graph.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn generates(self, kind: crate::media::MediaKind) -> bool {
        match kind {
            crate::media::MediaKind::Audio => self.audio,
            crate::media::MediaKind::Vision => self.vision,
        }
    }
}

/// Dispatches extraction to a language-aware extractor by file extension,
/// falling back to a plain file node when no language is registered. After the
/// language extractor runs, [`crate::markers`] appends any intent-debt markers
/// (intent-debt markers) found in the blob. Carries the runtime
/// [`IngestConfig`] applied to content extraction.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct Registry {
    /// Which blob content to extract for embedding.
    pub ingest: IngestConfig,
}

impl Registry {
    /// A registry with the given ingestion toggles.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(ingest: IngestConfig) -> Self {
        Self { ingest }
    }
}

impl Extractor for Registry {
    fn extract(&self, path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> FactSet {
        let mut facts = extract_facts(path, blob_id, bytes, self.ingest);
        crate::markers::augment(&mut facts, path, blob_id, bytes);
        facts
    }

    fn env_tag(&self) -> u64 {
        let media = media_env_tag();
        let disabled = self.ingest.disabled_bits();
        if disabled == 0 {
            // All-on default: preserve existing cache keys exactly.
            media
        } else {
            // FNV-1a fold of both components — deterministic and stable. As with
            // any 64-bit hash a collision with the all-on key is possible but
            // vanishingly unlikely, and a collision only costs a spurious cache
            // hit/miss, never incorrect facts.
            let mut h = 0xcbf2_9ce4_8422_2325u64;
            for b in media
                .to_le_bytes()
                .into_iter()
                .chain(disabled.to_le_bytes())
            {
                h ^= u64::from(b);
                h = h.wrapping_mul(0x0000_0100_0000_01b3);
            }
            h
        }
    }
}

/// Shared extraction dispatch used by [`Registry`] and the standalone
/// extractors: pick the language extractor by extension, applying `ingest` to
/// content extraction.
fn extract_facts(path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8], ingest: IngestConfig) -> FactSet {
    // Config files (TOML / JSON / .env) get config-key nodes rather than a plain
    // file node, so their keys are first-class graph nodes (ADR-0009).
    if crate::config_keys::is_config_path(path) {
        return config_facts(path, blob_id, bytes, ingest);
    }
    // Dockerfiles yield `image_ref` nodes (the base-image version pin a spoke
    // deploys) rather than a plain file node (ADR-0009 derived facts).
    if is_dockerfile(path) {
        return dockerfile_facts(path, blob_id, bytes, ingest);
    }
    // Audio blobs additionally yield an `audio_stream` node carrying what the
    // container says about them (ADR-0016). Without the `audio-metadata` feature
    // this produces exactly the plain file node the extension dispatch below
    // would have produced, so the default build's output is unchanged.
    if crate::media::is_audio(path) {
        return audio_facts(path, blob_id, bytes, ingest);
    }
    let ext = extension(path);
    match ext.as_deref() {
        // Rust keeps its dedicated AST walker (imports, impl scoping, richer calls).
        Some("rs") => rust_facts(path, blob_id, bytes, ingest),
        // Every other supported language goes through the generic tags extractor;
        // an unhandled extension (or a query that fails to compile) falls back to
        // a plain file node.
        Some(ext) => tag_facts(path, blob_id, bytes, ext, ingest).unwrap_or_else(|| {
            FactSet::new().with_node(file_node(path, blob_id, bytes, None, ingest))
        }),
        None => FactSet::new().with_node(file_node(path, blob_id, bytes, None, ingest)),
    }
}

/// Lowercase file extension of `path`, if any. Lowercasing makes extension
/// dispatch case-insensitive, so `Guide.PDF` and `README.MD` are recognised.
///
/// Shared with [`crate::media`], so the paths `media build` considers and the
/// paths extraction classifies are decided by one function rather than two that
/// can drift.
pub(crate) fn extension(path: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let name = path.rsplit('/').next().unwrap_or(path);
    name.rsplit_once('.')
        .map(|(_, ext)| ext.to_ascii_lowercase())
}

/// The natural key of the `file` node for `path`.
fn file_key(path: &str) -> String {
    format!("file:{path}")
}

/// Build the shared `file` node for a source blob. `ingest` gates which content
/// is embedded (ADR-0007 `[ingest]`): a disabled class yields no content, as if
/// the file carried none.
fn file_node(
    path: &str,
    blob_id: &str,
    bytes: &[u8],
    lang: Option<&str>,
    ingest: IngestConfig,
) -> Node {
    let name = path.rsplit('/').next().unwrap_or(path).to_owned();
    let lines = bytes
        .iter()
        .fold(0usize, |n, &b| n + usize::from(b == b'\n'));
    let end = u32::try_from(bytes.len()).unwrap_or(u32::MAX);
    let mut meta = serde_json::json!({ "bytes": bytes.len(), "lines": lines });
    // Capture the (capped) body so inference embeds *meaning*, not just the
    // filename: prose files decode as UTF-8; PDFs go through `pdf_content` (only
    // when the `pdf-text` feature is on, otherwise it is a no-op). Each class is
    // gated by its `ingest` toggle so a project can suppress it without a rebuild.
    //
    // Every branch here **decodes text that exists in the bytes** — that is the
    // whole membership rule (ADR-0015). Prose and PDF text are parses; OCR is
    // discriminative, and its errors are misreadings correctable against the
    // image. An ASR transcript and a VLM description are neither: they are
    // generated, they invent fluent text where there is nothing to read, and they
    // are therefore not `derived` facts. They are produced by `roteiro media
    // build` into [`crate::media`] instead, and nothing on this path may
    // reintroduce them.
    let content = if ingest.prose && is_prose(path) {
        cap_content(&String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes))
    } else if let Some(text) = ingest.pdf.then(|| pdf_content(path, bytes)).flatten() {
        cap_content(&text)
    } else if let Some(text) = image_content(path, bytes, ingest) {
        cap_content(&text)
    } else {
        String::new()
    };
    if !content.is_empty() {
        meta["content"] = serde_json::Value::from(content);
    }
    Node {
        key: file_key(path),
        kind: NodeKind::File,
        name,
        path: Some(path.to_owned()),
        lang: lang.map(ToOwned::to_owned),
        blob_hash: Some(blob_id.to_owned()),
        span: Some(Span::new(0, end)),
        provenance: Provenance::Derived,
        meta,
    }
}

/// Emit config-key facts for a config file (ADR-0009): the `file` node, plus a
/// `config_key` node per flattened leaf — key `cfgkey:<path>#<dotted>`, name the
/// dotted path, `meta` carrying the key and value — with a `contains` edge from
/// the file. Deterministic: keys are de-duplicated (dotenv "last one wins") into
/// a sorted map. Secret-looking values are redacted before they reach the store.
fn config_facts(path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8], ingest: IngestConfig) -> FactSet {
    let mut facts = FactSet::new().with_node(file_node(path, blob_id, bytes, None, ingest));
    let file = file_key(path);
    // A config file that repeats a key yields one node with the final value, and
    // the emission order is deterministic regardless of parse order.
    let mut by_key: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, String> = std::collections::BTreeMap::new();
    for ck in crate::config_keys::flatten(path, bytes) {
        by_key.insert(ck.key, ck.value);
    }
    // Read before the loop below consumes the map: a config file that names a
    // container image is declaring a version pin, not merely a setting (#609).
    for node in config_image_refs(path, blob_id, &by_key) {
        let node_key = node.key.clone();
        facts = facts.with_node(node).with_edge(Edge::derived(
            file.clone(),
            node_key,
            EdgeKind::References,
        ));
    }
    for (key, value) in by_key {
        let node_key = format!("cfgkey:{path}#{key}");
        // Redact the value of secret-looking keys so tokens/passwords from
        // `.env`/config files are never persisted into the (exportable) store.
        let value = if crate::config_keys::is_secret_key(&key) {
            crate::config_keys::REDACTED.to_owned()
        } else {
            value
        };
        let mut node = Node::new(
            node_key.clone(),
            NodeKind::Other(crate::config_keys::KIND.into()),
            key.clone(),
        );
        node.path = Some(path.to_owned());
        node.blob_hash = Some(blob_id.to_owned());
        node.meta = serde_json::json!({ "key": key, "value": value });
        facts = facts.with_node(node).with_edge(Edge::derived(
            file.clone(),
            node_key,
            EdgeKind::Contains,
        ));
    }
    facts
}

/// `image_ref` nodes for the container images a **config file** declares (#609).
///
/// # Why this exists
///
/// `image_ref` had exactly one producer — [`dockerfile_facts`], reading `FROM`
/// lines — so ADR-0009 step 8's *image tag → git ref → hub@rev* could only fire
/// for a spoke that builds an image. A spoke that **deploys** one declares its
/// version in a Helm values file or a k8s manifest, and produced no `image_ref` at
/// all: on a real eight-repo workspace, 0 of 7 spokes had a detectable pin. The
/// flag's documented second pin source did not merely fail, it never started.
///
/// The values were already being read — `container.api.image` has been a
/// `config_key` since ADR-0009 v1.6. Only the *reading of them as a pin* was
/// missing, which is why this sits beside the config keys rather than in its own
/// extractor: it is the same bytes, already parsed, asked a different question.
///
/// # What counts as an image declaration
///
/// Two shapes, both common and neither guessed at:
///
/// - **A whole image string** under a key named `image` or ending `.image` —
///   `container.api.image: registry/app:1.2` (k8s, mined by
///   [`crate::config_keys`]) and a bare Helm `image: app:1.2`.
/// - **The split Helm form**, `<prefix>.repository` with an optional
///   `<prefix>.tag` and `<prefix>.registry` — the `image:` block essentially every
///   chart writes, and the shape that made this issue visible.
///
/// A value carrying whitespace is not an image reference and is skipped, so a
/// `description.image: a picture of the thing` contributes nothing.
///
/// # A tag that cannot resolve still yields a node
///
/// Deliberately, and consistently with the Dockerfile path, which emits for
/// `latest` too. The node is the spoke's **claim** about what it deploys;
/// whether that claim resolves to a hub revision is
/// a question for the pin resolver in the `roteiro` binary, which is a different
/// crate and so cannot be linked from here: `pins::detect` tries the configured
/// `[pins]` template, then
/// `<tag>`, then `v<tag>`, and reports a spoke as unpinned when none exist. Issue
/// #505 settled that distinction: *no claim* and *a claim that cannot be met* are
/// different findings, and collapsing them here would hide the second.
fn config_image_refs(
    path: &str,
    blob_id: &str,
    by_key: &std::collections::BTreeMap<String, String>,
) -> Vec<Node> {
    /// An image reference is a single token: `registry/org/app:1.2@sha256:…`.
    /// Anything with whitespace in it is prose that happens to sit under a
    /// key called `image`.
    fn looks_like_image(v: &str) -> bool {
        !v.is_empty() && !v.chars().any(char::is_whitespace)
    }
    // Keyed by the dotted config key rather than by position, mirroring
    // `cfgkey:<path>#<dotted>`. A positional index would renumber every node below
    // an inserted key; the key a value lives under does not move.
    fn node_at(
        path: &str,
        blob_id: &str,
        key: &str,
        display: String,
        meta: serde_json::Value,
    ) -> Node {
        let mut node = Node::new(
            format!("imageref:{path}#{key}"),
            NodeKind::Other(IMAGE_REF_KIND.into()),
            display,
        );
        node.path = Some(path.to_owned());
        node.blob_hash = Some(blob_id.to_owned());
        node.meta = meta;
        node
    }

    let mut out = Vec::new();
    for (key, value) in by_key {
        // Compared as the key's last dotted segment rather than by suffix: `image`
        // and `container.api.image` are the same field at different depths, while
        // a key called `base_image` is a different field that a suffix test would
        // swallow. (It also sidesteps clippy reading `.image` as a file extension.)
        let (prefix, last) = key.rsplit_once('.').unwrap_or(("", key));
        // Shape 1: a whole image string.
        if last == "image" && looks_like_image(value) {
            let (name, tag, digest) = split_image(value);
            out.push(node_at(
                path,
                blob_id,
                key,
                value.clone(),
                serde_json::json!({ "image": name, "tag": tag, "digest": digest }),
            ));
            continue;
        }
        // Shape 2: the split Helm form. Anchored on `repository`, because that is
        // the field naming the image; a `tag` on its own says which version of
        // nothing.
        // `repository` alone is far too common a word to treat as an image: every
        // `Cargo.toml` in this workspace carries `[package] repository = "https://…"`,
        // and matching on the leaf produced one bogus `image_ref` per crate, naming
        // a GitHub URL as the image. The key has to sit **under an `image` block** —
        // `image.repository`, `global.image.repository`, `foo.image.repository` —
        // which is how every chart writes it anyway.
        let under_image = prefix.rsplit_once('.').map_or(prefix, |(_, seg)| seg) == "image";
        if last != "repository" || !under_image || !looks_like_image(value) {
            continue;
        }
        let at = |suffix: &str| {
            let k = if prefix.is_empty() {
                suffix.to_owned()
            } else {
                format!("{prefix}.{suffix}")
            };
            by_key.get(&k).filter(|v| looks_like_image(v)).cloned()
        };
        let name = at("registry").map_or_else(
            || value.clone(),
            |r| format!("{}/{}", r.trim_end_matches('/'), value),
        );
        let tag = at("tag");
        let display = tag
            .as_ref()
            .map_or_else(|| name.clone(), |t| format!("{name}:{t}"));
        out.push(node_at(
            path,
            blob_id,
            key,
            display,
            serde_json::json!({ "image": name, "tag": tag, "digest": None::<String> }),
        ));
    }
    out
}

/// The `NodeKind::Other` token for a container base-image reference extracted from
/// a Dockerfile `FROM` (ADR-0009 derived deploy-artifact facts). Its `meta` carries
/// `{image, tag, digest}` — the version pin a spoke deploys.
pub(crate) const IMAGE_REF_KIND: &str = "image_ref";

/// Whether `path` is a Dockerfile/Containerfile (by conventional name):
/// `Dockerfile`, `Containerfile`, `Dockerfile.<x>`, or `*.dockerfile`.
fn is_dockerfile(path: &str) -> bool {
    let base = path.rsplit('/').next().unwrap_or(path).to_ascii_lowercase();
    base == "dockerfile"
        || base == "containerfile"
        || base.starts_with("dockerfile.")
        || base.ends_with(".dockerfile")
}

/// Extract each Dockerfile `FROM` external base image into an `image_ref` node
/// (`imageref:<file>#<n>`, `meta {image, tag, digest}`) with a `references` edge
/// from the file — the version pin a deployment spoke ships. Internal multi-stage
/// references (`FROM <prior-stage>`) and `FROM scratch` are skipped.
fn dockerfile_facts(path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8], ingest: IngestConfig) -> FactSet {
    let mut facts = FactSet::new().with_node(file_node(path, blob_id, bytes, None, ingest));
    let file = file_key(path);
    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes);
    let mut stages: std::collections::HashSet<String> = std::collections::HashSet::new();
    let mut idx = 0usize;
    for line in text.lines() {
        let Some(rest) = strip_from_prefix(line.trim()) else {
            continue;
        };
        let (image, stage) = parse_from(rest);
        // Decide whether the image is an earlier stage against the stages seen *so
        // far*, before recording this line's own alias — otherwise `FROM x AS x`
        // would wrongly treat the external image `x` as an internal stage.
        let is_internal_stage = stages.contains(&image.to_ascii_lowercase());
        if let Some(s) = stage {
            stages.insert(s.to_ascii_lowercase());
        }
        // Skip `scratch` and references to an earlier build stage — neither is an
        // external image to pin.
        if image.is_empty() || image.eq_ignore_ascii_case("scratch") || is_internal_stage {
            continue;
        }
        let (name, tag, digest) = split_image(image);
        let node_key = format!("imageref:{path}#{idx}");
        idx += 1;
        let mut node = Node::new(
            node_key.clone(),
            NodeKind::Other(IMAGE_REF_KIND.into()),
            image.to_owned(),
        );
        node.path = Some(path.to_owned());
        node.blob_hash = Some(blob_id.to_owned());
        node.meta = serde_json::json!({ "image": name, "tag": tag, "digest": digest });
        facts = facts.with_node(node).with_edge(Edge::derived(
            file.clone(),
            node_key,
            EdgeKind::References,
        ));
    }
    facts
}

/// Emit the facts for an audio blob (ADR-0016): the usual `file` node, plus — in
/// an `audio-metadata` build, where the container yielded anything — one
/// `audio_stream` node under a `contains` edge from the file.
///
/// The metadata is a **format read**: codec, sample rate, bit depth, channels,
/// duration and tags, with no decoder instantiated and no model consulted. That
/// makes it a deterministic pure function of the bytes, which is what qualifies it
/// as `derived` at all — the mirror image of ADR-0015, which moved *generated*
/// text out of this path for failing exactly that test.
///
/// A blob the reader cannot make sense of contributes **no node**, rather than a
/// node full of nulls: absence is recorded as absence.
fn audio_facts(path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8], ingest: IngestConfig) -> FactSet {
    let facts = FactSet::new().with_node(file_node(path, blob_id, bytes, None, ingest));
    let Some(node) = audio_stream_node(path, blob_id, bytes) else {
        return facts;
    };
    let node_key = node.key.clone();
    facts
        .with_node(node)
        .with_edge(Edge::derived(file_key(path), node_key, EdgeKind::Contains))
}

/// The `audio_stream` node for one audio blob, or `None` when the container had
/// nothing to say.
///
/// The facts land in `meta` as the serialised [`crate::audio::AudioFacts`], plus a
/// rendered `meta.content` so [`crate::search`] finds them through the **ordinary**
/// scorer — no new branch, and therefore no new ranking rule. Being `derived`, the
/// node takes no `authored` boost.
///
/// Note what is *not* here: nothing is written to the audio **`file`** node's
/// `meta.content`. That slot is the one ADR-0015 emptied of transcripts, and
/// leaving it empty is what keeps "this audio file node carries content" an
/// unambiguous statement.
#[cfg(feature = "audio-metadata")]
fn audio_stream_node(path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<Node> {
    let facts = crate::audio::read(bytes, extension(path).as_deref())?;
    let mut meta = serde_json::to_value(&facts).ok()?;
    // The searchable rendering, capped like every other `meta.content`. Written
    // last so it cannot be shadowed by a field of the same name.
    meta["content"] = serde_json::Value::from(cap_content(&facts.summary()));
    let name = path.rsplit('/').next().unwrap_or(path).to_owned();
    let mut node = Node::new(
        format!("audio:{path}"),
        NodeKind::Other(crate::audio::AUDIO_STREAM_KIND.into()),
        name,
    );
    node.path = Some(path.to_owned());
    node.blob_hash = Some(blob_id.to_owned());
    node.span = Some(Span::new(0, u32::try_from(bytes.len()).unwrap_or(u32::MAX)));
    node.meta = meta;
    Some(node)
}

/// No-op without `audio-metadata`: an audio blob is a plain `file` node, exactly
/// as it was before ADR-0016.
#[cfg(not(feature = "audio-metadata"))]
fn audio_stream_node(_path: &str, _blob_id: &str, _bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<Node> {
    None
}

/// The remainder of a `FROM ` line (case-insensitive prefix), or `None`.
fn strip_from_prefix(line: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    let b = line.as_bytes();
    (b.len() >= 5 && b[..4].eq_ignore_ascii_case(b"from") && b[4].is_ascii_whitespace())
        .then(|| line[5..].trim_start())
}

/// Parse a `FROM` argument list into `(image, stage-alias)`: the first non-flag
/// token is the image (leading `--platform=…` flags skipped), and an `AS <name>`
/// suffix names the build stage.
fn parse_from(rest: &str) -> (&str, Option<&str>) {
    let image = rest
        .split_whitespace()
        .find(|t| !t.starts_with("--"))
        .unwrap_or("");
    let mut toks = rest.split_whitespace();
    let mut stage = None;
    while let Some(t) = toks.next() {
        if t.eq_ignore_ascii_case("as") {
            stage = toks.next();
            break;
        }
    }
    (image, stage)
}

/// Split an image reference into `(name, tag, digest)`. A `@sha256:…` digest wins;
/// otherwise a tag is the `:`-suffix *after the last path segment* (so a registry
/// `host:port/` prefix is never mistaken for a tag).
fn split_image(image: &str) -> (String, Option<String>, Option<String>) {
    if let Some((name, digest)) = image.split_once('@') {
        return (name.to_owned(), None, Some(digest.to_owned()));
    }
    let seg = image.rfind('/').map_or(0, |i| i + 1);
    if let Some(colon) = image[seg..].find(':') {
        let at = seg + colon;
        return (
            image[..at].to_owned(),
            Some(image[at + 1..].to_owned()),
            None,
        );
    }
    (image.to_owned(), None, None)
}

/// Strip doc-comment markers from a comment, returning its body — or `None` if
/// it is not a doc comment. Recognises `///` (but not `////`), `//!`, `/** */`,
/// and `/*! */`; a plain `//` or `/* */` comment returns `None`.
fn doc_comment_body(raw: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let t = raw.trim();
    if t.starts_with("//!") || (t.starts_with("///") && !t.starts_with("////")) {
        return Some(t[3..].trim().to_owned());
    }
    if (t.starts_with("/**") || t.starts_with("/*!")) && t.ends_with("*/") {
        // Content lies between the 3-char opener (`/**`/`/*!`) and the 2-char
        // closer (`*/`). Guard the overlap on tiny comments like `/**/`, where
        // the opener and closer share a `*` — those have no body.
        let end = t.len() - 2;
        let inner = if end >= 3 { &t[3..end] } else { "" };
        let cleaned: Vec<&str> = inner
            .lines()
            .map(|l| l.trim().trim_start_matches('*').trim())
            .filter(|l| !l.is_empty())
            .collect();
        return Some(cleaned.join(" "));
    }
    None
}

/// Extract the text of a PDF blob for embedding, or `None` when `path` is not a
/// PDF, the `pdf-text` feature is off, the file is too large, or extraction
/// yields no usable text.
///
/// `pdf-extract` handles fonts/CMaps internally but can panic on some malformed
/// documents; the call is panic-guarded so a bad PDF degrades to a plain file
/// node rather than aborting the whole sync.
#[cfg(feature = "pdf-text")]
fn pdf_content(path: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
    if extension(path).as_deref() != Some("pdf") || bytes.len() > MAX_PDF_BYTES {
        return None;
    }
    let owned = bytes.to_vec();
    let text = std::panic::catch_unwind(move || pdf_extract::extract_text_from_mem(&owned).ok())
        .ok()
        .flatten()?;
    (!text.trim().is_empty()).then_some(text)
}

/// No-op when the `pdf-text` feature is off: PDFs become plain file nodes.
#[cfg(not(feature = "pdf-text"))]
fn pdf_content(_path: &str, _bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
    None
}

/// Embeddable content for an image blob: the literal text OCR reads out of it,
/// or `None` when `path` is not an image, the image is too large, the `ocr`
/// toggle is off, the `image-ocr` feature is off, no OCR model is installed, or
/// nothing is recognised.
///
/// **OCR only.** The vision model used to compose a description into this string
/// when OCR came back sparse; since ADR-0015 it does not, because a description
/// is generated rather than decoded. OCR stays because it is discriminative: it
/// reads text that is *actually present*, and its errors are misreadings a human
/// can correct against the image. The VLM now runs from `roteiro media build`
/// into [`crate::media`], where its output is labelled and opt-in.
///
/// This reads the *installed* OCR models — that runtime dependency is reflected
/// in the cache key via [`media_env_tag`], so installing/upgrading a model
/// re-extracts affected images instead of serving stale (content-free) facts.
#[cfg(feature = "image-ocr")]
fn image_content(path: &str, bytes: &[u8], ingest: IngestConfig) -> Option<String> {
    if !ingest.ocr || !crate::media::is_image(path) || bytes.len() > crate::media::MAX_IMAGE_BYTES {
        return None;
    }
    ocr_content(bytes)
}

/// No-op without `image-ocr`: images become plain file nodes. An `image-vision`
/// build lands here too — since ADR-0015 the vision model contributes nothing to
/// extraction.
#[cfg(not(feature = "image-ocr"))]
fn image_content(_path: &str, _bytes: &[u8], _ingest: IngestConfig) -> Option<String> {
    None
}

/// Whether the image's pixel dimensions (read from its header, without decoding
/// the pixels — so a decompression bomb is rejected cheaply) are within
/// [`MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS`]. `false` if the header cannot be parsed or the limit is
/// exceeded.
///
/// Shared with the vision producer in [`crate::media::producers`], which applies
/// the same guard before loading the projector.
#[cfg(any(feature = "image-ocr", feature = "image-vision"))]
pub(crate) fn image_dimensions_ok(bytes: &[u8]) -> bool {
    let Ok(reader) = image::ImageReader::new(std::io::Cursor::new(bytes)).with_guessed_format()
    else {
        return false;
    };
    match reader.into_dimensions() {
        Ok((w, h)) => u64::from(w) * u64::from(h) <= MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS,
        Err(_) => false,
    }
}

/// OCR an image's text (or `None` when `image-ocr` is off, the models are not
/// installed, the image is too large, or extraction yields nothing). The `ocrs`
/// engine can panic on some inputs, so the call is panic-guarded.
#[cfg(feature = "image-ocr")]
fn ocr_content(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
    // Which OCR model *this repository* uses: `[models] ocr` if it pins one, else
    // `ocrs-text` (Stage 33). A pin that cannot be honoured resolves to `None`
    // and OCR goes inert, as it does for a model that is not installed;
    // `roteiro config` is where the reason is stated, because `sync` walks a
    // whole tree and repeating one configuration error per image would bury it.
    let model = crate::model_choice::resolve(crate::model_choice::ModelTask::Ocr)
        .ok()?
        .model?;
    let dir = crate::models::model_dir(model);
    let detection = dir.join("text-detection.rten");
    let recognition = dir.join("text-recognition.rten");
    if !detection.exists() || !recognition.exists() || !image_dimensions_ok(bytes) {
        // Models not installed → OCR is inert (run `roteiro model pull <model>`).
        return None;
    }
    // Borrow `bytes` into the guarded closure — no need to clone the (up to
    // 20 MiB) image. `&[u8]`/`&Path` are unwind-safe, so no `AssertUnwindSafe`.
    let text = std::panic::catch_unwind(|| run_ocr(&detection, &recognition, bytes))
        .ok()
        .flatten()?;
    (!text.trim().is_empty()).then_some(text)
}

/// Run detection + recognition over an image's bytes, returning its text.
/// Fallible steps collapse to `None` (a bad image yields no content).
#[cfg(feature = "image-ocr")]
fn run_ocr(
    detection: &std::path::Path,
    recognition: &std::path::Path,
    bytes: &[u8],
) -> Option<String> {
    use ocrs::{ImageSource, OcrEngine, OcrEngineParams};

    let detection_model = rten::Model::load_file(detection).ok()?;
    let recognition_model = rten::Model::load_file(recognition).ok()?;
    let engine = OcrEngine::new(OcrEngineParams {
        detection_model: Some(detection_model),
        recognition_model: Some(recognition_model),
        ..Default::default()
    })
    .ok()?;

    let img = image::load_from_memory(bytes).ok()?.into_rgb8();
    let source = ImageSource::from_bytes(img.as_raw(), img.dimensions()).ok()?;
    let input = engine.prepare_input(source).ok()?;
    engine.get_text(&input).ok()
}

/// Destroy the process-wide media engines (vision, ASR) that extraction loaded
/// **and then** the llama.cpp backend they shared, returning whether anything was
/// released.
///
/// Extraction loads each GGUF engine once and reuses it for the whole run
/// (`vlm_engine` / `asr_engine`). Those engines own native llama.cpp/ggml state:
/// on the Metal backend their GPU buffers stay registered in ggml-metal's device
/// residency set until the engine is dropped, and if that has not happened by the
/// time libc's C++ finalizers destroy ggml-metal's global device vector at
/// `exit()`, `ggml_metal_rsets_free` asserts the set is empty and `abort()`s —
/// a successful run exits 134 instead of 0 (issue #291).
///
/// So the engines are released **explicitly**, at a deterministic point that is
/// still inside `main`. The `roteiro` binary does this through
/// [`MediaEngineGuard`]; a library embedder that runs extraction should call this
/// before its process exits. Idempotent, cheap, and a no-op when no engine was
/// ever built (or when this build has no media features), so it is safe on every
/// exit path.
///
/// Not a shutdown signal: an engine still borrowed by an in-flight extraction
/// stays alive until that caller is done. Call it once the work is finished.
///
/// **Order matters, and is enforced rather than assumed.** Both engines share one
/// process-wide llama.cpp backend (issue #296), which llama.cpp requires be freed
/// *after* every model — so the backend is released last, here. It is not
/// possible to get that wrong by editing this function: each engine holds an
/// `Arc` on the backend, and `rto_llama::backend::release_shared_backend`
/// declines while any handle is outstanding.
// The return value is a fact about what happened, not a status to handle: exit
// paths bind it to `_released` and move on, tests assert on it.
#[must_use]
pub fn release_media_engines() -> bool {
    // Every step runs; none short-circuits the others.
    let vision = release_vlm_engine();
    let audio = release_asr_engine();
    // Last, once the engines that borrowed it are gone.
    let backend = release_llama_backend();
    vision || audio || backend
}

/// Release the shared llama.cpp backend, or nothing in a build that has no
/// llama.cpp at all.
///
/// A `serve`-only build reaches `rto-llama` without going through this crate, so
/// `roteiro`'s `main` additionally holds a `rto_llama::backend::SharedBackendGuard`;
/// both call the same idempotent release, and each covers the builds the other
/// cannot see.
#[cfg(any(feature = "image-vision", feature = "audio-transcribe"))]
fn release_llama_backend() -> bool {
    rto_llama::backend::release_shared_backend()
}

#[cfg(not(any(feature = "image-vision", feature = "audio-transcribe")))]
fn release_llama_backend() -> bool {
    false
}

/// Release the vision engine, or nothing in a build without `image-vision`.
///
/// The engine itself moved to [`crate::media::producers`] along with the
/// generation it serves (ADR-0015). The *release* stays here, because this is the
/// entry point `roteiro`'s `main` holds for the whole process, and splitting it
/// would make the exit ordering (#291, #296) something two modules had to agree
/// on rather than something one function states.
fn release_vlm_engine() -> bool {
    crate::media::producers::release_vlm_engine()
}

/// Release the ASR engine, or nothing in a build without `audio-transcribe`.
fn release_asr_engine() -> bool {
    crate::media::producers::release_asr_engine()
}

/// Ties the lifetime of the process-wide media engines — and, after them, the
/// llama.cpp backend they share — to a scope: dropping the guard runs
/// [`release_media_engines`].
///
/// Held for the whole of `roteiro`'s `main`, so the engines are destroyed while
/// Rust is still running destructors — before the C++ finalizers that would
/// otherwise abort the process (issue #291) — on the normal path, on an early
/// `?` error, and on an unwinding panic alike.
///
/// `std::process::exit` skips destructors, so any path that exits that way must
/// call [`release_media_engines`] itself first.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct MediaEngineGuard {
    // A private field keeps the guard un-constructible except through `hold`,
    // so it cannot be created (and dropped) by accident mid-run.
    _private: (),
}

impl MediaEngineGuard {
    /// Take ownership of the process-wide media engines for this scope.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn hold() -> Self {
        Self { _private: () }
    }
}

impl Drop for MediaEngineGuard {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // Whether anything was resident is of no consequence here — the point is
        // that nothing is, from now on.
        let _released = release_media_engines();
    }
}

// Mirror of the `ocr_content` stub: needed only when the image path is compiled
// (image-ocr on) with image-vision off, not in an audio-only build.
#[cfg(all(feature = "image-ocr", not(feature = "image-vision")))]
fn vlm_content(_bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
    None
}

/// A cache-key component reflecting the **extraction** models' runtime
/// environment: `0` when no extraction model feature is on or no model is
/// installed, else a hash of the installed OCR model identity. Folded into the
/// sync cache key so installing/upgrading a model re-extracts affected images
/// instead of serving stale facts (OCR output is not a pure function of the blob
/// alone). See [`crate::sync`].
///
/// Only OCR is folded in. The vision and audio models used to be, because they
/// wrote into `meta.content`; since ADR-0015 they do not, so their presence
/// changes no derived fact and must not perturb a cache key. A machine that
/// installs Voxtral no longer re-extracts its whole tree.
///
/// The model folded in is the **resolved** one, not the built-in default:
/// repointing `[models] ocr` changes what extraction reads out of an image, so it
/// has to move the cache key too, or the repository would keep serving text read
/// by the model it no longer uses. With the key unset this is byte-identical to
/// what it was before — the resolver returns `ocrs-text`.
#[cfg(feature = "image-ocr")]
pub(crate) fn media_env_tag() -> u64 {
    let Some(model) = crate::model_choice::resolve(crate::model_choice::ModelTask::Ocr)
        .ok()
        .and_then(|choice| choice.model)
    else {
        return 0;
    };
    let mut hash: u64 = 0xcbf2_9ce4_8422_2325;
    if fold_installed_model(&mut hash, model) {
        hash | 1
    } else {
        0
    }
}

/// If model `name` is fully installed, fold its host-variant checksums into
/// `hash` and return `true`. Only the host-selected variant is hashed, so an
/// unrelated platform variant does not perturb this host's tag.
#[cfg(feature = "image-ocr")]
fn fold_installed_model(hash: &mut u64, name: &str) -> bool {
    let Some(variant) = crate::models::find(name)
        .and_then(|spec| spec.variant_for(crate::models::Platform::host()))
    else {
        return false;
    };
    let dir = crate::models::model_dir(name);
    if !variant.files.iter().all(|f| dir.join(f.name).exists()) {
        return false;
    }
    for file in variant.files {
        for b in file.sha256.bytes() {
            *hash ^= u64::from(b);
            *hash = hash.wrapping_mul(0x0000_0100_0000_01b3);
        }
    }
    true
}

/// `0` whenever no extraction-model feature is compiled in.
#[cfg(not(feature = "image-ocr"))]
pub(crate) fn media_env_tag() -> u64 {
    0
}

/// Whether `path` is a prose file whose body is worth embedding.
///
/// Public because the *extension list is the definition* and a second copy of it
/// would drift: the Obsidian renderer's call site (`roteiro render obsidian`)
/// reads a prose file's full source at render time, and it has to select exactly
/// the blobs this predicate admitted at extraction time. Nothing about the
/// judgement itself is exported — only the answer.
#[must_use]
pub fn is_prose(path: &str) -> bool {
    matches!(
        extension(path).as_deref(),
        Some("md" | "markdown" | "txt" | "rst" | "adoc")
    )
}

/// Trim and cap `text` to [`MAX_CONTENT`] characters (whitespace-collapsed), so
/// stored content stays small and deterministic.
///
/// Public because the *budget is the definition*, and a second copy of it would
/// drift. The authored layer (`rto-spec`) stores an ADR's section text on its
/// `adr`/`adr_section` nodes so `search` and `explain` can reach it, and that text
/// has to be bounded by the same rule the derived layer uses — otherwise the
/// exportable store grows by whichever cap was written down last. This is not an
/// extraction path and needs no [`EXTRACT_VERSION`] bump: the authored layer is
/// re-parsed from blobs on every sync rather than served from the
/// content-addressed extraction cache.
#[must_use]
pub fn cap_content(text: &str) -> String {
    let mut out = String::with_capacity(text.len().min(MAX_CONTENT));
    // Track the character count incrementally — `out.chars().count()` per
    // iteration would make this O(n²) on long inputs.
    let mut chars = 0usize;
    let mut last_was_space = true;
    for c in text.chars() {
        if chars >= MAX_CONTENT {
            break;
        }
        if c.is_whitespace() {
            if !last_was_space {
                out.push(' ');
                chars += 1;
                last_was_space = true;
            }
        } else {
            out.push(c);
            chars += 1;
            last_was_space = false;
        }
    }
    out.trim().to_owned()
}

/// Fallback extractor: emits a single `file` node per blob, tagged with its blob
/// hash and basic size metadata. Produces no edges. Used for files with no
/// registered language.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct FileNodeExtractor;

impl Extractor for FileNodeExtractor {
    fn extract(&self, path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> FactSet {
        FactSet::new().with_node(file_node(
            path,
            blob_id,
            bytes,
            None,
            IngestConfig::default(),
        ))
    }
}

/// Derived extractor for Rust source, backed by tree-sitter. Emits a `file`
/// node, one symbol node per `fn`/`struct`/`enum`/`trait`/`mod` (and a few
/// others) with `defines`/`contains` edges reflecting lexical nesting, and
/// `imports` edges for `use` declarations. Each function records the (optionally
/// scope-qualified) names it calls in `meta.calls` for later cross-file
/// resolution — see [`RustWalk::callee_name`].
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct RustExtractor;

impl Extractor for RustExtractor {
    fn extract(&self, path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> FactSet {
        rust_facts(path, blob_id, bytes, IngestConfig::default())
    }
}

/// Extract Rust facts, applying `ingest` to the file node's embedded content.
/// Shared by [`RustExtractor`] (default toggles) and [`Registry`] (its config).
fn rust_facts(path: &str, blob_id: &str, bytes: &[u8], ingest: IngestConfig) -> FactSet {
    let mut parser = tree_sitter::Parser::new();
    // The Rust grammar is compiled in, so this only fails on a version
    // mismatch — a build-time invariant, not a runtime input error.
    if parser
        .set_language(&tree_sitter_rust::LANGUAGE.into())
        .is_err()
    {
        return FactSet::new().with_node(file_node(path, blob_id, bytes, None, ingest));
    }
    let Some(tree) = parser.parse(bytes, None) else {
        return FactSet::new().with_node(file_node(path, blob_id, bytes, None, ingest));
    };

    let mut walk = RustWalk {
        path,
        blob_id,
        src: bytes,
        nodes: vec![file_node(path, blob_id, bytes, Some("rust"), ingest)],
        edges: Vec::new(),
    };
    let root = tree.root_node();
    let mut cursor = root.walk();
    let children: Vec<_> = root.children(&mut cursor).collect();
    for child in children {
        walk.visit(child, &[]);
    }
    // Synthesize `config_key` nodes from any `@rto:config`-marked config-root struct
    // (ADR-0009): a code-defined config becomes matchable dotted keys without a
    // committed `*-example.toml` mirror. Runs after the walk so every struct in the
    // file is available to resolve nested field types.
    walk.synthesize_config_keys(root);

    // Deterministic ordering so the cached fact set is byte-stable regardless of
    // traversal incidentals.
    walk.nodes.sort_by(|a, b| a.key.cmp(&b.key));
    walk.edges
        .sort_by(|a, b| (a.kind.as_str(), &a.src, &a.dst).cmp(&(b.kind.as_str(), &b.src, &b.dst)));
    FactSet {
        nodes: walk.nodes,
        edges: walk.edges,
    }
}

/// One entry on the lexical scope stack: a name segment and, when the scope is
/// itself an emitted symbol, that symbol's key (impl blocks contribute a segment
/// but no node, so their `key` is `None`).
struct Scope {
    seg: String,
    key: Option<String>,
}

/// One declared struct field: its name and the `type_identifier` tokens of its
/// type (outermost first). See [`RustWalk::struct_fields`].
struct FieldDef {
    name: String,
    type_idents: Vec<String>,
}

/// Single-value **transparent** wrappers whose inner type is the "real" field type
/// for config purposes — a `zerobus: Option<ZerobusConfig>` still nests into
/// `ZerobusConfig`. Peeled by [`core_type_name`] / [`recursion_target`].
const TRANSPARENT_WRAPPERS: &[&str] = &[
    "Option", "Box", "Arc", "Rc", "Cow", "RefCell", "Cell", "Mutex", "RwLock",
];

/// **Collection** wrappers: a `Vec<ItemConfig>` / `HashMap<_, _>` field serialises
/// to an array/table keyed by *runtime* index/key, not by nested struct fields, so
/// synthesis stops at the field itself (one leaf key) rather than inventing dotted
/// paths under it. Detecting one anywhere in a field's type makes it a leaf.
const COLLECTION_WRAPPERS: &[&str] = &[
    "Vec", "VecDeque", "HashMap", "BTreeMap", "HashSet", "BTreeSet", "IndexMap",
];

/// The field's **core type name** for `meta.field_types`: the first type token that
/// is not a [`TRANSPARENT_WRAPPERS`] wrapper (so `Option<ZerobusConfig>` →
/// `ZerobusConfig`, `String` → `String`), or the outermost token if a wrapper is
/// all there is. `None` for a type with no identifier (a bare reference, tuple, …).
fn core_type_name(type_idents: &[String]) -> Option<String> {
    type_idents
        .iter()
        .find(|t| !TRANSPARENT_WRAPPERS.contains(&t.as_str()))
        .or_else(|| type_idents.first())
        .cloned()
}

/// The struct name a field should **recurse into**, given the structs known in this
/// file (`known`), or `None` when the field is a config leaf. A collection wrapper
/// anywhere short-circuits to a leaf; transparent wrappers are peeled; the first
/// remaining token nests only if it names a known struct.
fn recursion_target<'a>(
    type_idents: &'a [String],
    known: &std::collections::BTreeMap<String, StructDef>,
) -> Option<&'a str> {
    for t in type_idents {
        if COLLECTION_WRAPPERS.contains(&t.as_str()) {
            return None;
        }
        if TRANSPARENT_WRAPPERS.contains(&t.as_str()) {
            continue;
        }
        return known.contains_key(t).then_some(t.as_str());
    }
    None
}

/// A struct discovered in the file for config synthesis: its fields and whether it
/// carries the `@rto:config` root marker.
struct StructDef {
    fields: Vec<FieldDef>,
    is_root: bool,
}

/// Guard against a pathological or cyclic type graph producing unbounded keys.
const MAX_CONFIG_DEPTH: usize = 16;

/// Recursively expand a config struct into its dotted **leaf** keys. A field that
/// resolves to another known struct ([`recursion_target`]) descends with the field
/// name appended to `prefix`; every other field is a leaf recorded in `out`
/// (first-writer wins, tagged with the originating `root` for provenance). `visited`
/// tracks the current descent path so a cyclic type graph terminates (the cyclic
/// field falls back to a leaf) rather than recursing forever.
fn expand_config_keys(
    table: &std::collections::BTreeMap<String, StructDef>,
    struct_name: &str,
    prefix: &str,
    root: &str,
    visited: &mut std::collections::BTreeSet<String>,
    depth: usize,
    out: &mut std::collections::BTreeMap<String, String>,
) {
    let Some(def) = table.get(struct_name) else {
        return;
    };
    for f in &def.fields {
        let key = if prefix.is_empty() {
            f.name.clone()
        } else {
            format!("{prefix}.{}", f.name)
        };
        match recursion_target(&f.type_idents, table) {
            Some(inner) if depth < MAX_CONFIG_DEPTH && !visited.contains(inner) => {
                visited.insert(inner.to_owned());
                expand_config_keys(table, inner, &key, root, visited, depth + 1, out);
                visited.remove(inner);
            }
            _ => {
                out.entry(key).or_insert_with(|| root.to_owned());
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Accumulating state for a single Rust file walk.
struct RustWalk<'a> {
    path: &'a str,
    blob_id: &'a str,
    src: &'a [u8],
    nodes: Vec<Node>,
    edges: Vec<Edge>,
}

impl RustWalk<'_> {
    /// Visit one AST node under the given lexical scope stack.
    fn visit(&mut self, node: tree_sitter::Node, scope: &[Scope]) {
        match node.kind() {
            "function_item" => self.visit_symbol(node, scope, NodeKind::Fn, true),
            "struct_item" | "union_item" => self.visit_symbol(node, scope, NodeKind::Struct, false),
            "enum_item" => self.visit_symbol(node, scope, NodeKind::Enum, false),
            "trait_item" => self.visit_symbol(node, scope, NodeKind::Trait, false),
            "mod_item" => self.visit_symbol(node, scope, NodeKind::Module, false),
            "type_item" => self.visit_symbol(node, scope, NodeKind::Other("type".into()), false),
            "macro_definition" => {
                self.visit_symbol(node, scope, NodeKind::Other("macro".into()), false);
            }
            "impl_item" => self.visit_impl(node, scope),
            "use_declaration" => self.visit_use(node),
            // Recurse through unnamed structural wrappers (e.g. the top-level
            // `declaration_list` of a module handled in `visit_symbol`).
            _ => self.visit_children(node, scope),
        }
    }

    /// Visit every named child of `node` under the same scope.
    fn visit_children(&mut self, node: tree_sitter::Node, scope: &[Scope]) {
        let mut cursor = node.walk();
        let children: Vec<_> = node.named_children(&mut cursor).collect();
        for child in children {
            self.visit(child, scope);
        }
    }

    /// Emit a symbol node for a named definition, link it to its containing
    /// scope, and recurse into its body for nested definitions.
    fn visit_symbol(
        &mut self,
        node: tree_sitter::Node,
        scope: &[Scope],
        kind: NodeKind,
        collect_calls: bool,
    ) {
        let Some(name) = self.field_text(node, "name") else {
            return self.visit_children(node, scope);
        };
        let qualified = qualify(scope, &name);
        let key = format!("sym:rust:{}#{qualified}", self.path);

        let mut meta = serde_json::Map::new();
        if collect_calls {
            let mut calls = Vec::new();
            self.collect_calls(node, &mut calls);
            calls.sort();
            calls.dedup();
            if !calls.is_empty() {
                meta.insert("calls".into(), serde_json::Value::from(calls));
            }
        }
        // Capture the item's doc-comment so inference embeds what it *means*.
        if let Some(doc) = self.doc_comment(node) {
            meta.insert("content".into(), serde_json::Value::from(doc));
        }
        // A struct/union records its NAMED field identifiers in `meta.fields` — the
        // signal the config_key→struct follow bridge joins on (a dotted config key's
        // leaf, e.g. `serve.addr`'s `addr`, must be a real field of the matched
        // struct before we bridge to it). Tuple/unit structs have no named fields
        // and add nothing; the key is omitted rather than emitted empty. Alongside,
        // `meta.field_types` maps each named field to its **core type name** (wrapper
        // types like `Option`/`Box` peeled — see [`core_type_name`]) so a later,
        // cross-file synthesizer can descend into nested config structs from the
        // stored graph alone; `meta.config_root` marks a struct authored with the
        // `@rto:config` signal as the root of a config tree (see
        // [`RustWalk::synthesize_config_keys`]).
        if matches!(node.kind(), "struct_item" | "union_item") {
            let defs = self.struct_fields(node);
            if !defs.is_empty() {
                let names: Vec<&str> = defs.iter().map(|f| f.name.as_str()).collect();
                meta.insert("fields".into(), serde_json::Value::from(names));
                let types: serde_json::Map<String, serde_json::Value> = defs
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|f| {
                        core_type_name(&f.type_idents).map(|t| (f.name.clone(), t.into()))
                    })
                    .collect();
                if !types.is_empty() {
                    meta.insert("field_types".into(), serde_json::Value::Object(types));
                }
            }
            if self.has_config_marker(node) {
                meta.insert("config_root".into(), serde_json::Value::Bool(true));
            }
        }

        self.nodes.push(Node {
            key: key.clone(),
            kind,
            name,
            path: Some(self.path.to_owned()),
            lang: Some("rust".to_owned()),
            blob_hash: Some(self.blob_id.to_owned()),
            span: Some(span(node)),
            provenance: Provenance::Derived,
            meta: serde_json::Value::Object(meta),
        });
        self.link_parent(&key, scope);

        // Recurse into the body so nested items (a fn in a mod, etc.) are found,
        // pushing this symbol onto the scope stack.
        let child_scope = extend(scope, &self.simple(node, "name"), Some(key));
        self.recurse_body(node, &child_scope);
    }

    /// The doc-comment (`///` / `//!` / `/** … */`) immediately preceding `node`,
    /// concatenated, or `None`. Attributes between the comment and the item are
    /// skipped; a non-doc comment (or any other node) ends the block.
    fn doc_comment(&self, node: tree_sitter::Node) -> Option<String> {
        let mut parts: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
        let mut prev = node.prev_sibling();
        while let Some(n) = prev {
            match n.kind() {
                "line_comment" | "block_comment" => match doc_comment_body(self.text(n)) {
                    Some(body) => {
                        parts.push(body);
                        prev = n.prev_sibling();
                    }
                    None => break,
                },
                "attribute_item" => prev = n.prev_sibling(),
                _ => break,
            }
        }
        if parts.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }
        parts.reverse();
        let joined = cap_content(&parts.join(" "));
        (!joined.is_empty()).then_some(joined)
    }

    /// An `impl` block emits no node but contributes its type name as a scope
    /// segment, so methods qualify as `Type::method`.
    fn visit_impl(&mut self, node: tree_sitter::Node, scope: &[Scope]) {
        let type_name = self
            .field_text(node, "type")
            .unwrap_or_else(|| "impl".to_owned());
        let child_scope = extend(scope, &type_name, None);
        self.recurse_body(node, &child_scope);
    }

    /// Record a `use` declaration as an `imports` edge from the file to an
    /// import-target node keyed by the (whitespace-normalised) import path.
    fn visit_use(&mut self, node: tree_sitter::Node) {
        let Some(arg) = node.child_by_field_name("argument") else {
            return;
        };
        let text: String = self
            .text(arg)
            .chars()
            .filter(|c| !c.is_whitespace())
            .collect();
        if text.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        let key = format!("import:rust:{text}");
        self.nodes.push(Node {
            key: key.clone(),
            kind: NodeKind::Other("import".into()),
            name: text,
            path: None,
            lang: Some("rust".to_owned()),
            blob_hash: None,
            span: None,
            provenance: Provenance::Derived,
            meta: serde_json::Value::Null,
        });
        self.edges
            .push(Edge::derived(file_key(self.path), key, EdgeKind::Imports));
    }

    /// Link a freshly-emitted symbol to its nearest enclosing emitted scope:
    /// `contains` from that symbol, or `defines` from the file at top level.
    fn link_parent(&mut self, key: &str, scope: &[Scope]) {
        if let Some(parent) = scope.iter().rev().find_map(|s| s.key.as_deref()) {
            self.edges.push(Edge::derived(
                parent.to_owned(),
                key.to_owned(),
                EdgeKind::Contains,
            ));
        } else {
            self.edges.push(Edge::derived(
                file_key(self.path),
                key.to_owned(),
                EdgeKind::Defines,
            ));
        }
    }

    /// The NAMED fields a struct/union declares, in source order — each an entry of
    /// its `field_declaration_list` carrying the declared field name plus the
    /// type-identifier tokens of its type (outermost first, e.g.
    /// `Option<ZerobusConfig>` → `["Option", "ZerobusConfig"]`). A tuple struct's
    /// positional fields carry no `name`, and a unit struct has no field list, so
    /// both contribute nothing.
    fn struct_fields(&self, node: tree_sitter::Node) -> Vec<FieldDef> {
        let mut out = Vec::new();
        let mut cursor = node.walk();
        for child in node.named_children(&mut cursor) {
            if child.kind() == "field_declaration_list" {
                let mut inner = child.walk();
                for field in child.named_children(&mut inner) {
                    if field.kind() == "field_declaration"
                        && let Some(name) = field.child_by_field_name("name")
                    {
                        let type_idents = field
                            .child_by_field_name("type")
                            .map(|t| self.type_idents(t))
                            .unwrap_or_default();
                        out.push(FieldDef {
                            name: self.text(name).to_owned(),
                            type_idents,
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        out
    }

    /// Every `type_identifier` token in a type subtree, outermost first — so a
    /// generic like `Option<Vec<Inner>>` yields `["Option", "Vec", "Inner"]`. The
    /// order lets [`core_type_name`] / [`recursion_target`] peel transparent
    /// wrappers and stop at a collection.
    fn type_idents(&self, ty: tree_sitter::Node) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut out = Vec::new();
        self.collect_type_idents(ty, &mut out);
        out
    }

    fn collect_type_idents(&self, node: tree_sitter::Node, out: &mut Vec<String>) {
        // A named type (`ZerobusConfig`, `String`) or a primitive (`u32`, `bool`) —
        // both are field-type tokens; primitives never name a struct, so they only
        // ever resolve to a leaf, but they make `meta.field_types` complete.
        if matches!(node.kind(), "type_identifier" | "primitive_type") {
            out.push(self.text(node).to_owned());
        }
        let mut cursor = node.walk();
        for child in node.named_children(&mut cursor) {
            self.collect_type_idents(child, out);
        }
    }

    /// Whether an authored **`@rto:config`** marker precedes `node` — the explicit,
    /// opt-in signal that a struct is the root of a config tree
    /// [`RustWalk::synthesize_config_keys`] may expand. Scans the immediately
    /// preceding run of comments (`//`, `///`, `//!`, or `/* … */` block comments)
    /// and attributes, returning `true` as soon as any of them contains the marker
    /// token; the first node that is not a comment or attribute ends the run. Unlike
    /// [`doc_comment`] this does not require the comments to be *doc* comments and
    /// does not stop at a plain `//` comment — a bare `// @rto:config` line is
    /// accepted. Requiring an authored marker keeps synthesis conservative — a
    /// struct is never guessed to be config.
    fn has_config_marker(&self, node: tree_sitter::Node) -> bool {
        const MARKER: &str = "@rto:config";
        let mut prev = node.prev_sibling();
        while let Some(n) = prev {
            match n.kind() {
                "line_comment" | "block_comment" | "attribute_item" => {
                    if self.text(n).contains(MARKER) {
                        return true;
                    }
                    prev = n.prev_sibling();
                }
                _ => break,
            }
        }
        false
    }

    /// Recurse into the `declaration_list` / body of a definition.
    fn recurse_body(&mut self, node: tree_sitter::Node, scope: &[Scope]) {
        let mut cursor = node.walk();
        let children: Vec<_> = node.named_children(&mut cursor).collect();
        for child in children {
            match child.kind() {
                "declaration_list" | "field_declaration_list" | "trait_body" => {
                    self.visit_children(child, scope);
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
    }

    /// Collect the simple names of functions called anywhere within `node`'s
    /// subtree (used for later call resolution).
    fn collect_calls(&self, node: tree_sitter::Node, out: &mut Vec<String>) {
        let mut cursor = node.walk();
        for child in node.named_children(&mut cursor) {
            if child.kind() == "call_expression"
                && let Some(func) = child.child_by_field_name("function")
                && let Some(name) = self.callee_name(func)
            {
                out.push(name);
            }
            self.collect_calls(child, out);
        }
    }

    /// A callee descriptor for a `call_expression`'s function child, keeping the
    /// *immediate* qualifier when the syntax supplies one so [`crate::sync`] can
    /// resolve scope-aware (not just by unique simple name):
    /// - `foo()` → `foo` (unqualified)
    /// - `a::b::foo()` → `b::foo` (immediate module/type qualifier)
    /// - `Type::assoc()` → `Type::assoc`
    /// - `self.foo()` / `Self::foo()` → `Self::foo` (a same-impl method call,
    ///   resolved via the caller's own type)
    /// - `x.foo()` on a non-`self` receiver → `foo` (the receiver's type is
    ///   unknown without type inference, so no qualifier is claimed)
    fn callee_name(&self, func: tree_sitter::Node) -> Option<String> {
        match func.kind() {
            "identifier" => Some(self.text(func).to_owned()),
            "scoped_identifier" => {
                let name = func.child_by_field_name("name")?;
                // The immediate qualifier is the last segment of the `path` child
                // (`a::b` → `b`), which most closely scopes the call.
                let qualifier = func
                    .child_by_field_name("path")
                    .and_then(|p| self.text(p).rsplit("::").next().map(str::to_owned));
                Some(qualify_callee(qualifier.as_deref(), self.text(name)))
            }
            "field_expression" => {
                let name = func.child_by_field_name("field")?;
                // A call on the `self` receiver targets a method of the caller's
                // own impl type; mark it `Self` so the resolver can bind it.
                let on_self = func
                    .child_by_field_name("value")
                    .is_some_and(|v| self.text(v) == "self");
                Some(qualify_callee(on_self.then_some("Self"), self.text(name)))
            }
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Synthesize `config_key` nodes from any **config-root** struct in this file —
    /// a struct authored with the `@rto:config` marker (see [`has_config_marker`]).
    /// Its declared fields are walked recursively, descending into nested
    /// struct-typed fields (resolved by name against the other structs in *this
    /// file*), and each config **leaf** becomes a `config_key` node keyed
    /// `cfgkey:<path>#<dotted>` — so a code-defined config (`zerobus: ZerobusConfig`
    /// with `server_endpoint: String`) yields `zerobus.server_endpoint` **without** a
    /// committed `*-example.toml` mirror. The nodes carry `meta.source = "struct"`
    /// (and `meta.struct = <root>`) so they stay distinguishable from file-derived
    /// keys, while sharing the `config_key` kind so they flow through
    /// `Store::config_keys` → `links --infer`/`--matrix`/the explorer unchanged.
    ///
    /// Deliberately conservative and additive: nothing is emitted unless a root is
    /// explicitly marked. Field names are used verbatim as dotted segments; the
    /// cross-convention matcher ([`crate::canonicalize_config_key`]) already bridges
    /// a `snake_case` field to a `camelCase`/`kebab` infra key, so `serde`
    /// `rename_all` conventions match without being parsed here.
    ///
    /// Known limits (documented, deferred): recursion resolves nested structs by
    /// name **within this file only** (a config struct split across modules/files is
    /// not descended — those leaves simply stay unsynthesized, as today); an explicit
    /// `#[serde(rename = "...")]` to an unrelated spelling is not applied; and
    /// collection-typed fields (`Vec`/`Map`) are one leaf, not indexed paths.
    fn synthesize_config_keys(&mut self, root: tree_sitter::Node) {
        let table = self.collect_struct_defs(root);
        // key → the root struct name that produced it (first root wins; deterministic
        // because `table` iterates roots by name).
        let mut keys: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, String> =
            std::collections::BTreeMap::new();
        for (name, def) in &table {
            if !def.is_root {
                continue;
            }
            let mut visited = std::collections::BTreeSet::new();
            visited.insert(name.clone());
            expand_config_keys(&table, name, "", name, &mut visited, 0, &mut keys);
        }
        let file = file_key(self.path);
        for (dotted, root_name) in keys {
            let node_key = format!("cfgkey:{}#{dotted}", self.path);
            let mut node = Node::new(
                node_key.clone(),
                NodeKind::Other(crate::config_keys::KIND.into()),
                dotted.clone(),
            );
            node.path = Some(self.path.to_owned());
            node.blob_hash = Some(self.blob_id.to_owned());
            // A struct field declares no literal value, so `meta.value` is OMITTED
            // (not `""`): the store reader surfaces this as `value_known = false` so
            // value-agreement matching treats the value as *unknown*, never as an
            // empty string that could false-match a spoke's genuine empty value.
            // `source`/`struct` mark the provenance and keep these distinguishable
            // from file-derived config keys.
            node.meta = serde_json::json!({
                "key": dotted,
                "source": "struct",
                "struct": root_name,
            });
            self.edges.push(Edge::derived(
                file.clone(),
                node_key.clone(),
                EdgeKind::Contains,
            ));
            self.nodes.push(node);
        }
    }

    /// Index every struct/union in the file by its **simple name** (first
    /// declaration wins on a collision) for config synthesis — recording its fields,
    /// its node key, and whether it is a `@rto:config` root.
    fn collect_struct_defs(
        &self,
        root: tree_sitter::Node,
    ) -> std::collections::BTreeMap<String, StructDef> {
        let mut out = std::collections::BTreeMap::new();
        self.collect_struct_defs_into(root, &mut out);
        out
    }

    fn collect_struct_defs_into(
        &self,
        node: tree_sitter::Node,
        out: &mut std::collections::BTreeMap<String, StructDef>,
    ) {
        if matches!(node.kind(), "struct_item" | "union_item")
            && let Some(name) = self.field_text(node, "name")
        {
            out.entry(name.clone()).or_insert_with(|| StructDef {
                fields: self.struct_fields(node),
                is_root: self.has_config_marker(node),
            });
        }
        let mut cursor = node.walk();
        for child in node.named_children(&mut cursor) {
            self.collect_struct_defs_into(child, out);
        }
    }

    fn text(&self, node: tree_sitter::Node) -> &str {
        node.utf8_text(self.src).unwrap_or("")
    }

    fn field_text(&self, node: tree_sitter::Node, field: &str) -> Option<String> {
        node.child_by_field_name(field)
            .map(|n| self.text(n).to_owned())
    }

    fn simple(&self, node: tree_sitter::Node, field: &str) -> String {
        self.field_text(node, field).unwrap_or_default()
    }
}

// ======================= Generic tags-query extraction =======================
//
// One extractor drives every non-Rust language through its tree-sitter `tags.scm`
// query (the `@definition.*` / `@reference.*` capture convention). It emits the
// same fact shape as the Rust walker — a `file` node, one symbol node per
// definition with `defines`/`contains` edges reflecting byte-range nesting, and
// each function's callee simple-names in `meta.calls` — so cross-file (and
// cross-language) call resolution in `crate::sync` works uniformly. Where the
// language has an import query (`import_query_for`), it also emits `imports`
// edges (`file → import` target), as the Rust walker does for `use`. A new
// language is a row in `tag_lang_for` (and optionally `import_query_for`), not
// new code.

/// A language dispatched to the generic tags extractor: its label, grammar, and
/// `tags.scm` source (from the grammar crate, or vendored under `src/queries/`).
struct TagLang {
    /// Canonical label — the node `lang` and the `sym:<lang>:` key namespace.
    lang: &'static str,
    /// Cache key identifying the *grammar* (not just the label): one `lang` can
    /// map to more than one grammar — OCaml `.ml` and `.mli` are both `"ocaml"`
    /// but use distinct grammars — so the config cache must key on this, not
    /// `lang`, to avoid parsing one grammar's blobs with another's parser.
    grammar_key: &'static str,
    /// The tree-sitter grammar.
    language: tree_sitter::Language,
    /// The `tags.scm` query source. Usually borrowed from the grammar crate's
    /// const; owned when it is assembled (TypeScript's query `inherits` the
    /// JavaScript one, which the crate's `TAGS_QUERY` const does not concatenate).
    query: std::borrow::Cow<'static, str>,
}

/// Resolve a lowercase file extension to its tags-extractor language, or `None`
/// when no generic extractor handles it (the caller then falls back to a plain
/// file node). Rust is intentionally absent — it keeps its richer AST walker.
// A flat extension→grammar dispatch table; length is inherent to the breadth.
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn tag_lang_for(ext: &str) -> Option<TagLang> {
    use std::borrow::Cow;
    // TypeScript's tags query `inherits` JavaScript's; the crate const ships only
    // the TS-specific supplement, so concatenate the two. The JavaScript patterns
    // match against the TypeScript superset grammar.
    let ts_query = || -> Cow<'static, str> {
        Cow::Owned(format!(
            "{}\n{}",
            tree_sitter_javascript::TAGS_QUERY,
            tree_sitter_typescript::TAGS_QUERY
        ))
    };
    let borrowed = |q: &'static str| -> Cow<'static, str> { Cow::Borrowed(q) };

    let (lang, language, query): (&str, tree_sitter::Language, Cow<'static, str>) = match ext {
        "py" | "pyi" => (
            "python",
            tree_sitter_python::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_python::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        "js" | "jsx" | "mjs" | "cjs" => (
            "javascript",
            tree_sitter_javascript::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_javascript::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        "ts" | "mts" | "cts" => (
            "typescript",
            tree_sitter_typescript::LANGUAGE_TYPESCRIPT.into(),
            ts_query(),
        ),
        "tsx" => (
            "tsx",
            tree_sitter_typescript::LANGUAGE_TSX.into(),
            ts_query(),
        ),
        "go" => (
            "go",
            tree_sitter_go::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_go::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        "rb" => (
            "ruby",
            tree_sitter_ruby::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_ruby::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        "java" => (
            "java",
            tree_sitter_java::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_java::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        "c" | "h" => (
            "c",
            tree_sitter_c::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_c::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        "cc" | "cpp" | "cxx" | "hpp" | "hh" | "hxx" => (
            "cpp",
            tree_sitter_cpp::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_cpp::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        // The crate's TAGS_QUERY has a stray `@module` capture that
        // `tree-sitter-tags` rejects, so a corrected copy is vendored.
        "cs" => (
            "csharp",
            tree_sitter_c_sharp::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(include_str!("queries/csharp/tags.scm")),
        ),
        "php" => (
            "php",
            tree_sitter_php::LANGUAGE_PHP.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_php::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        // Scala's crate bundles a tags.scm but exposes no const, so it is vendored.
        "scala" | "sc" => (
            "scala",
            tree_sitter_scala::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(include_str!("queries/scala/tags.scm")),
        ),
        "ml" => (
            "ocaml",
            tree_sitter_ocaml::LANGUAGE_OCAML.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_ocaml::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        "mli" => (
            "ocaml",
            tree_sitter_ocaml::LANGUAGE_OCAML_INTERFACE.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_ocaml::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        "ex" | "exs" => (
            "elixir",
            tree_sitter_elixir::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(tree_sitter_elixir::TAGS_QUERY),
        ),
        // Bash ships no tags query at all, so one is vendored.
        "sh" | "bash" => (
            "bash",
            tree_sitter_bash::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(include_str!("queries/bash/tags.scm")),
        ),
        // SQL (tree-sitter-sequel) ships no tags query, so one is vendored.
        "sql" => (
            "sql",
            tree_sitter_sequel::LANGUAGE.into(),
            borrowed(include_str!("queries/sql/tags.scm")),
        ),
        _ => return None,
    };
    // Distinguish grammars that share a `lang` label: `.ml` and `.mli` are both
    // "ocaml" but parse with different grammars, so they must cache separately.
    let grammar_key = match ext {
        "mli" => "ocaml-interface",
        _ => lang,
    };
    Some(TagLang {
        lang,
        grammar_key,
        language,
        query,
    })
}

/// A compiled tags configuration, shared across the blobs of one language.
type TagConfig = std::sync::Arc<tree_sitter_tags::TagsConfiguration>;

/// Cache of compiled tags configurations, keyed by [`TagLang::grammar_key`] (not
/// the `lang` label, since one label can back multiple grammars). Compiling a
/// `tags.scm` query is not free, and `sync` extracts many blobs, so each
/// grammar's configuration is built once. A grammar whose query fails to compile
/// (a grammar/query mismatch — a build-time invariant, not a runtime input)
/// caches `None` so it is not retried per file.
static TAG_CONFIGS: std::sync::LazyLock<
    std::sync::Mutex<std::collections::HashMap<&'static str, Option<TagConfig>>>,
> = std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| std::sync::Mutex::new(std::collections::HashMap::new()));

/// The compiled tags configuration for a language, building and caching it on
/// first use. `None` if the query does not compile against the grammar.
fn tag_config(def: &TagLang) -> Option<TagConfig> {
    let mut cache = TAG_CONFIGS
        .lock()
        .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
    cache
        .entry(def.grammar_key)
        .or_insert_with(|| {
            tree_sitter_tags::TagsConfiguration::new(def.language.clone(), &def.query, "")
                .ok()
                .map(std::sync::Arc::new)
        })
        .clone()
}

/// A per-language tree-sitter query capturing import/include targets as `@path`.
/// Run alongside the tags extraction so the generic languages emit `imports`
/// edges (`file → import` node) the way the Rust walker does for `use`. `None`
/// for a language whose imports we do not yet capture (it simply emits none).
///
/// Node names are grammar-specific; a query that fails to compile against its
/// grammar is cached as absent (see [`import_query`]) rather than retried.
fn import_query_for(lang: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
    Some(match lang {
        // `import a.b.c`, `import a.b as d`, `from a.b import x`, `from . import x`.
        "python" => {
            "(import_statement name: (dotted_name) @path)\n\
             (import_statement name: (aliased_import name: (dotted_name) @path))\n\
             (import_from_statement module_name: (dotted_name) @path)\n\
             (import_from_statement module_name: (relative_import) @path)"
        }
        // `import x from \"mod\"`, `export … from \"mod\"` — the module string.
        "javascript" | "typescript" | "tsx" => {
            "(import_statement source: (string (string_fragment) @path))\n\
             (export_statement source: (string (string_fragment) @path))"
        }
        // Each spec's quoted path inside an `import ( … )` block or single import.
        "go" => "(import_spec path: (interpreted_string_literal) @path)",
        // `import a.b.C;` / `import static a.b.C;`.
        "java" => {
            "(import_declaration (scoped_identifier) @path)\n\
             (import_declaration (identifier) @path)"
        }
        // `#include \"x.h\"` and `#include <x>` (C and, by inheritance, C++).
        "c" | "cpp" => {
            "(preproc_include path: (string_literal) @path)\n\
             (preproc_include path: (system_lib_string) @path)"
        }
        _ => return None,
    })
}

/// A compiled import query, shared across the blobs of one grammar.
type ImportQuery = std::sync::Arc<tree_sitter::Query>;

/// Cache of compiled import queries, keyed by [`TagLang::grammar_key`] (as with
/// [`TAG_CONFIGS`]). `None` when the language has no import query or it does not
/// compile against the grammar, so it is not retried per file.
static IMPORT_QUERIES: std::sync::LazyLock<
    std::sync::Mutex<std::collections::HashMap<&'static str, Option<ImportQuery>>>,
> = std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| std::sync::Mutex::new(std::collections::HashMap::new()));

/// The compiled import query for a language, building and caching it on first use.
fn import_query(def: &TagLang) -> Option<ImportQuery> {
    let mut cache = IMPORT_QUERIES
        .lock()
        .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
    cache
        .entry(def.grammar_key)
        .or_insert_with(|| {
            let src = import_query_for(def.lang)?;
            tree_sitter::Query::new(&def.language, src)
                .ok()
                .map(std::sync::Arc::new)
        })
        .clone()
}

/// Normalise a captured import target to a bare module string: strip surrounding
/// quotes (`"…"`), C system-header brackets (`<…>`), and whitespace.
fn normalize_import(raw: &str) -> String {
    raw.trim()
        .trim_matches(|c| c == '"' || c == '\'' || c == '<' || c == '>')
        .trim()
        .to_owned()
}

/// Append `imports` edges for a blob by running its language's import query.
/// Emits one `import:<lang>:<module>` node (deduped) and a `file → import`
/// `Imports` edge per distinct target, mirroring the Rust walker's `use` handling.
fn append_import_facts(
    path: &str,
    def: &TagLang,
    bytes: &[u8],
    nodes: &mut Vec<Node>,
    edges: &mut Vec<Edge>,
) {
    use streaming_iterator::StreamingIterator as _;

    let Some(query) = import_query(def) else {
        return;
    };
    let mut parser = tree_sitter::Parser::new();
    if parser.set_language(&def.language).is_err() {
        return;
    }
    let Some(tree) = parser.parse(bytes, None) else {
        return;
    };
    let mut cursor = tree_sitter::QueryCursor::new();
    let mut seen = std::collections::BTreeSet::new();
    let mut matches = cursor.matches(&query, tree.root_node(), bytes);
    while let Some(m) = matches.next() {
        for cap in m.captures {
            let Ok(raw) = cap.node.utf8_text(bytes) else {
                continue;
            };
            let module = normalize_import(raw);
            if module.is_empty() {
                continue;
            }
            let key = format!("import:{}:{module}", def.lang);
            if seen.insert(key.clone()) {
                nodes.push(Node {
                    key: key.clone(),
                    kind: NodeKind::Other("import".into()),
                    name: module,
                    // The import *target* is not owned by any one file (its key is
                    // global): leave `path` unset, as the Rust walker does, so two
                    // files importing the same module dedup to one stable node.
                    path: None,
                    lang: Some(def.lang.to_owned()),
                    blob_hash: None,
                    span: None,
                    provenance: Provenance::Derived,
                    meta: serde_json::Value::Null,
                });
                edges.push(Edge::derived(file_key(path), key, EdgeKind::Imports));
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Map a `tags.scm` syntax type (the tail of a `@definition.X` capture) to a
/// graph node kind. Unrecognised kinds are kept verbatim under `Other`.
fn tag_node_kind(syntax_type: &str) -> NodeKind {
    match syntax_type {
        "function" | "method" | "constructor" => NodeKind::Fn,
        "class" | "struct" => NodeKind::Struct,
        "interface" | "trait" | "protocol" => NodeKind::Trait,
        "enum" => NodeKind::Enum,
        // A Scala/Kotlin `object` is a singleton namespace; group it with modules.
        "module" | "namespace" | "object" => NodeKind::Module,
        other => NodeKind::Other(other.to_owned()),
    }
}

/// A definition captured from a `tags.scm` run, before nesting is resolved.
struct TagDef {
    name: String,
    kind: NodeKind,
    range: std::ops::Range<usize>,
    docs: Option<String>,
}

/// Extract facts from a source blob via its language's tags query. Returns `None`
/// when the extension has no generic extractor or the query cannot compile, so
/// the caller falls back to a plain file node.
fn tag_facts(
    path: &str,
    blob_id: &str,
    bytes: &[u8],
    ext: &str,
    ingest: IngestConfig,
) -> Option<FactSet> {
    let def = tag_lang_for(ext)?;
    let lang = def.lang;
    let config = tag_config(&def)?;

    let mut ctx = tree_sitter_tags::TagsContext::new();
    let (tags, _had_error) = ctx.generate_tags(&config, bytes, None).ok()?;

    let mut defs: Vec<TagDef> = Vec::new();
    // Call references, as (byte offset of the call, callee simple-name), attached
    // later to whichever function definition encloses them.
    let mut calls: Vec<(usize, String)> = Vec::new();
    for tag in tags {
        let Ok(tag) = tag else { continue };
        let Some(name) = bytes
            .get(tag.name_range.clone())
            .and_then(|b| std::str::from_utf8(b).ok())
        else {
            continue;
        };
        let syntax = config.syntax_type_name(tag.syntax_type_id);
        if tag.is_definition {
            defs.push(TagDef {
                name: name.to_owned(),
                kind: tag_node_kind(syntax),
                range: tag.range.clone(),
                // The tags machinery already resolves a definition's doc comment.
                docs: tag.docs.clone(),
            });
        } else if syntax == "call" || syntax == "send" {
            // `send` is Ruby's message-send; both mean "invokes a name".
            calls.push((tag.range.start, name.to_owned()));
        }
    }

    // Resolve nesting purely by byte-range containment: a definition's parent is
    // the smallest other definition whose range strictly encloses it. This yields
    // `contains` edges (parent→child) and qualified, collision-resistant keys
    // without any language-specific scope rules.
    let parents: Vec<Option<usize>> = (0..defs.len())
        .map(|i| smallest_enclosing(&defs, defs[i].range.clone(), Some(i)))
        .collect();

    let keys: Vec<String> = (0..defs.len())
        .map(|i| {
            let qualified = qualified_name(&defs, &parents, i);
            format!("sym:{lang}:{path}#{qualified}")
        })
        .collect();

    let mut nodes = vec![file_node(path, blob_id, bytes, Some(lang), ingest)];
    let mut edges: Vec<Edge> = Vec::new();

    for (i, d) in defs.iter().enumerate() {
        let mut meta = serde_json::Map::new();
        if let Some(doc) = &d.docs {
            let content = cap_content(doc);
            if !content.is_empty() {
                meta.insert("content".into(), serde_json::Value::from(content));
            }
        }
        // Attach the calls this definition encloses — but only for functions, the
        // only kind `crate::sync::resolve_calls` links.
        if d.kind == NodeKind::Fn {
            let mut names: Vec<String> = calls
                .iter()
                .filter(|(off, _)| d.range.contains(off))
                .filter(|(off, _)| smallest_enclosing_off(&defs, *off) == Some(i))
                .map(|(_, name)| name.clone())
                .collect();
            names.sort();
            names.dedup();
            if !names.is_empty() {
                meta.insert("calls".into(), serde_json::Value::from(names));
            }
        }

        let start = u32::try_from(d.range.start).unwrap_or(u32::MAX);
        let end = u32::try_from(d.range.end).unwrap_or(u32::MAX);
        nodes.push(Node {
            key: keys[i].clone(),
            kind: d.kind.clone(),
            name: d.name.clone(),
            path: Some(path.to_owned()),
            lang: Some(lang.to_owned()),
            blob_hash: Some(blob_id.to_owned()),
            span: Some(Span::new(start, end)),
            provenance: Provenance::Derived,
            meta: serde_json::Value::Object(meta),
        });

        match parents[i] {
            Some(p) => edges.push(Edge::derived(
                keys[p].clone(),
                keys[i].clone(),
                EdgeKind::Contains,
            )),
            None => edges.push(Edge::derived(
                file_key(path),
                keys[i].clone(),
                EdgeKind::Defines,
            )),
        }
    }

    // Import/include edges (file → import target), where the language has a query.
    append_import_facts(path, &def, bytes, &mut nodes, &mut edges);

    // Deterministic, duplicate-free output (two query patterns can capture the
    // same definition, and distinct symbols can share a qualified name).
    nodes.sort_by(|a, b| a.key.cmp(&b.key));
    nodes.dedup_by(|a, b| a.key == b.key);
    edges.sort_by(|a, b| (a.kind.as_str(), &a.src, &a.dst).cmp(&(b.kind.as_str(), &b.src, &b.dst)));
    edges.dedup();
    Some(FactSet { nodes, edges })
}

/// Index of the smallest definition (other than `skip`) whose range strictly
/// encloses `range`, or `None` if `range` is top-level.
fn smallest_enclosing(
    defs: &[TagDef],
    range: std::ops::Range<usize>,
    skip: Option<usize>,
) -> Option<usize> {
    let mut best: Option<usize> = None;
    for (j, c) in defs.iter().enumerate() {
        if Some(j) == skip {
            continue;
        }
        // Strictly encloses: contains both ends and is a larger span.
        let encloses = c.range.start <= range.start
            && c.range.end >= range.end
            && (c.range.end - c.range.start) > (range.end - range.start);
        if encloses
            && best.is_none_or(|b| {
                defs[b].range.end - defs[b].range.start > c.range.end - c.range.start
            })
        {
            best = Some(j);
        }
    }
    best
}

/// Index of the smallest definition enclosing byte offset `off`.
fn smallest_enclosing_off(defs: &[TagDef], off: usize) -> Option<usize> {
    let mut best: Option<usize> = None;
    for (j, c) in defs.iter().enumerate() {
        if c.range.contains(&off)
            && best.is_none_or(|b| {
                defs[b].range.end - defs[b].range.start > c.range.end - c.range.start
            })
        {
            best = Some(j);
        }
    }
    best
}

/// A definition's qualified name: its ancestors' names (root→leaf) joined to its
/// own by `::`, so nested symbols get distinct, stable keys.
fn qualified_name(defs: &[TagDef], parents: &[Option<usize>], i: usize) -> String {
    let mut chain: Vec<&str> = vec![defs[i].name.as_str()];
    let mut cur = parents[i];
    // Bound the walk by the number of definitions — parents form a DAG toward
    // smaller-or-equal spans, but guard against any pathological cycle.
    let mut guard = defs.len();
    while let Some(p) = cur {
        if guard == 0 {
            break;
        }
        guard -= 1;
        chain.push(defs[p].name.as_str());
        cur = parents[p];
    }
    chain.reverse();
    chain.join("::")
}

/// Byte span of an AST node, clamped to `u32`.
fn span(node: tree_sitter::Node) -> Span {
    let start = u32::try_from(node.start_byte()).unwrap_or(u32::MAX);
    let end = u32::try_from(node.end_byte()).unwrap_or(u32::MAX);
    Span::new(start, end)
}

/// Qualified name for a new symbol: all enclosing scope segments plus `name`.
fn qualify(scope: &[Scope], name: &str) -> String {
    let mut parts: Vec<&str> = scope.iter().map(|s| s.seg.as_str()).collect();
    parts.push(name);
    parts.join("::")
}

/// Combine an optional immediate qualifier with a callee `name` into the stored
/// `meta.calls` descriptor. Path-relative qualifiers (`self`/`crate`/`super`) and
/// an empty qualifier collapse to the bare name, since they don't scope a
/// cross-file target; `Self` is preserved as the marker for a same-impl call.
fn qualify_callee(qualifier: Option<&str>, name: &str) -> String {
    match qualifier {
        Some(q) if !q.is_empty() && !matches!(q, "self" | "crate" | "super") => {
            format!("{q}::{name}")
        }
        _ => name.to_owned(),
    }
}

/// Push a scope entry, returning the extended stack.
fn extend(scope: &[Scope], seg: &str, key: Option<String>) -> Vec<Scope> {
    let mut next: Vec<Scope> = scope
        .iter()
        .map(|s| Scope {
            seg: s.seg.clone(),
            key: s.key.clone(),
        })
        .collect();
    next.push(Scope {
        seg: seg.to_owned(),
        key,
    });
    next
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{Extractor, FileNodeExtractor, Registry, RustExtractor};
    use crate::{EdgeKind, Node, NodeKind};

    #[test]
    fn file_node_extractor_is_deterministic_and_tagged() {
        let ex = FileNodeExtractor;
        let a = ex.extract("src/lib.rs", "abc123", b"one\ntwo\n");
        let b = ex.extract("src/lib.rs", "abc123", b"one\ntwo\n");
        assert_eq!(a, b, "extraction must be deterministic");

        assert_eq!(a.nodes.len(), 1);
        assert!(a.edges.is_empty());
        let node = &a.nodes[0];
        assert_eq!(node.key, "file:src/lib.rs");
        assert_eq!(node.kind, NodeKind::File);
        assert_eq!(node.name, "lib.rs");
        assert_eq!(node.blob_hash.as_deref(), Some("abc123"));
        assert_eq!(node.meta["lines"], 2);
        assert_eq!(node.meta["bytes"], 8);
    }

    #[test]
    fn config_files_emit_config_key_nodes() {
        let reg = Registry::new(crate::IngestConfig::default());
        let toml = b"[serve]\naddr = \"0.0.0.0:8443\"\ntools = false\n";
        let a = reg.extract("config.toml", "cfg1", toml);
        let b = reg.extract("config.toml", "cfg1", toml);
        assert_eq!(a, b, "config extraction must be deterministic");

        // The file node plus a config_key node per leaf.
        assert!(a.nodes.iter().any(|n| n.key == "file:config.toml"));
        let addr = a
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .find(|n| n.key == "cfgkey:config.toml#serve.addr")
            .expect("serve.addr config_key node");
        assert_eq!(addr.kind, NodeKind::Other("config_key".into()));
        assert_eq!(addr.name, "serve.addr");
        assert_eq!(addr.meta["value"], "0.0.0.0:8443"); // unquoted
        // A `contains` edge from the file to each config key.
        assert!(a.edges.iter().any(|e| {
            e.src == "file:config.toml"
                && e.dst == "cfgkey:config.toml#serve.addr"
                && e.kind == EdgeKind::Contains
        }));

        // A `.env` (no extension) is recognised by name; a repeated key yields one
        // node with the last value; a secret value is redacted.
        let env = reg.extract(".env", "env1", b"PORT=8080\nPORT=9090\nAPI_TOKEN=s3cr3t\n");
        let port = env
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .find(|n| n.key == "cfgkey:.env#PORT")
            .expect("PORT node");
        assert_eq!(port.meta["value"], "9090", "dotenv last-one-wins");
        assert_eq!(
            env.nodes
                .iter()
                .filter(|n| n.key == "cfgkey:.env#PORT")
                .count(),
            1
        );
        let token = env
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .find(|n| n.key == "cfgkey:.env#API_TOKEN")
            .expect("API_TOKEN node");
        assert_eq!(token.meta["value"], "<redacted>", "secret not persisted");
        // A source file is unaffected.
        let rs = reg.extract("src/lib.rs", "x", b"pub fn f() {}\n");
        assert!(
            rs.nodes
                .iter()
                .all(|n| n.kind != NodeKind::Other("config_key".into()))
        );
    }

    /// #609: a spoke that **deploys** an image declares its version in YAML, not
    /// in a Dockerfile, and produced no `image_ref` at all — so ADR-0009 step 8's
    /// *image tag → git ref → hub@rev* never started for the deployment shape most
    /// likely to want it.
    #[test]
    fn a_kubernetes_container_image_is_a_pin_not_only_a_setting() {
        let reg = Registry::new(crate::IngestConfig::default());
        let dep = b"apiVersion: apps/v1\nkind: Deployment\nspec:\n  template:\n    spec:\n      containers:\n        - name: api\n          image: registry.io/acme/app:1.4.0\n";
        let facts = reg.extract("deploy/api.yaml", "y1", dep);
        let refs: Vec<&Node> = facts
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .filter(|n| n.kind == NodeKind::Other("image_ref".into()))
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(refs.len(), 1, "got: {refs:?}");
        assert_eq!(refs[0].meta["image"], "registry.io/acme/app");
        assert_eq!(refs[0].meta["tag"], "1.4.0");
        // The config_key is still emitted — this reads the same value a second
        // way, it does not replace the first.
        assert!(
            facts
                .nodes
                .iter()
                .any(|n| n.key == "cfgkey:deploy/api.yaml#container.api.image"),
            "the config key must survive: {:?}",
            facts.nodes
        );
        assert!(
            facts
                .edges
                .iter()
                .any(|e| e.src == "file:deploy/api.yaml" && e.kind == EdgeKind::References),
            "a references edge from the file, as a Dockerfile's image gets"
        );
    }

    /// The Helm `image:` block, which splits the reference across keys. This is the
    /// shape that made #609 visible: 0 of 7 spokes on a real workspace had a
    /// detectable pin, every one of them writing exactly this.
    #[test]
    fn a_helm_values_image_block_is_assembled_into_one_reference() {
        let reg = Registry::new(crate::IngestConfig::default());
        let values =
            b"image:\n  registry: reg.io\n  repository: acme/app\n  tag: 1.4.0\n  pullPolicy: IfNotPresent\n";
        let facts = reg.extract("values.yaml", "y2", values);
        let refs: Vec<&Node> = facts
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .filter(|n| n.kind == NodeKind::Other("image_ref".into()))
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(refs.len(), 1, "one image, not one per key: {refs:?}");
        assert_eq!(refs[0].meta["image"], "reg.io/acme/app");
        assert_eq!(refs[0].meta["tag"], "1.4.0");
        // Keyed by the config key it came from, so inserting a key above it does
        // not renumber it the way a positional index would.
        assert_eq!(refs[0].key, "imageref:values.yaml#image.repository");
    }

    /// `repository` is far too common a word to read as an image on its own.
    ///
    /// Every `Cargo.toml` in this workspace carries `[package] repository =
    /// "https://github.com/…"`, and `.toml` is a config path, so anchoring the
    /// split form on the **leaf** key emitted one bogus `image_ref` per crate,
    /// each naming a GitHub URL as the image it deploys. Found by Copilot on
    /// #633 and reproduced against a real `Cargo.toml` before this rule existed.
    ///
    /// The key must sit under an `image` **block**, which is how a chart writes
    /// it anyway — so the narrowing costs nothing real.
    #[test]
    fn a_cargo_manifest_repository_is_not_a_container_image() {
        let reg = Registry::new(crate::IngestConfig::default());
        let toml = br#"[package]
name = "roteiro"
repository = "https://github.com/OffeneDatenmodellierung/Roteiro"
version = "3.0.0"
"#;
        let facts = reg.extract("crates/roteiro/Cargo.toml", "c1", toml);
        let refs: Vec<&Node> = facts
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .filter(|n| n.kind == NodeKind::Other("image_ref".into()))
            .collect();
        assert!(
            refs.is_empty(),
            "a crate's source repository is not an image it deploys: {refs:?}"
        );
    }

    /// …but the same leaf **under an `image` block** is one, at any depth a chart
    /// nests it: `image.repository`, and `global.image.repository`.
    #[test]
    fn a_repository_under_an_image_block_is_a_reference_at_any_depth() {
        let reg = Registry::new(crate::IngestConfig::default());
        let y = b"global:\n  image:\n    repository: acme/app\n    tag: 2.0.0\n";
        let facts = reg.extract("values.yaml", "y4", y);
        let refs: Vec<&Node> = facts
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .filter(|n| n.kind == NodeKind::Other("image_ref".into()))
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(refs.len(), 1, "got: {refs:?}");
        assert_eq!(refs[0].meta["image"], "acme/app");
        assert_eq!(refs[0].meta["tag"], "2.0.0");
    }

    /// The rules are narrow on purpose: a suffix test would have swallowed
    /// `base_image`, and a key called `image` holding prose is not a reference.
    #[test]
    fn only_an_image_shaped_value_under_an_image_shaped_key_counts() {
        let reg = Registry::new(crate::IngestConfig::default());
        let y = b"base_image: acme/other:9\ndescription:\n  image: a picture of the thing\nnotes:\n  repository: two words here\n";
        let facts = reg.extract("values.yaml", "y3", y);
        let refs: Vec<&Node> = facts
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .filter(|n| n.kind == NodeKind::Other("image_ref".into()))
            .collect();
        assert!(refs.is_empty(), "none of these are pins: {refs:?}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn dockerfile_emits_image_ref_nodes_and_skips_internal_stages() {
        let reg = Registry::new(crate::IngestConfig::default());
        // Multi-stage: a builder stage (external), an internal `FROM builder`
        // (skipped), and a runtime external base pinned by digest.
        let df = b"FROM --platform=linux/amd64 rust:1.90 AS builder\nRUN cargo build\n\
                   FROM builder AS test\nFROM registry.io/app:1.2@sha256:abc AS run\nFROM scratch\n";
        let a = reg.extract("Dockerfile", "d1", df);
        let b = reg.extract("Dockerfile", "d1", df);
        assert_eq!(a, b, "dockerfile extraction must be deterministic");

        let refs: Vec<&Node> = a
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .filter(|n| n.kind == NodeKind::Other("image_ref".into()))
            .collect();
        // Two external images: rust:1.90 and the app digest. `FROM builder` and
        // `FROM scratch` are not pins.
        assert_eq!(refs.len(), 2, "got: {refs:?}");
        let rust = refs
            .iter()
            .find(|n| n.meta["image"] == "rust")
            .expect("rust");
        assert_eq!(rust.meta["tag"], "1.90");
        let app = refs
            .iter()
            .find(|n| n.meta["image"] == "registry.io/app:1.2")
            .expect("app digest");
        assert_eq!(app.meta["digest"], "sha256:abc");
        // A `references` edge from the file to each image_ref.
        assert!(
            a.edges
                .iter()
                .any(|e| { e.src == "file:Dockerfile" && e.kind == EdgeKind::References })
        );
        // `Dockerfile.prod` is recognised too; a plain source file is not.
        assert!(
            reg.extract("Dockerfile.prod", "d2", b"FROM alpine:3\n")
                .nodes
                .iter()
                .any(|n| n.kind == NodeKind::Other("image_ref".into()))
        );

        // A stage alias equal to the image name (`FROM alpine AS alpine`) must not
        // make the external `alpine` look like an internal stage — it is still a pin.
        let c = reg.extract("Dockerfile", "d3", b"FROM alpine AS alpine\n");
        assert!(
            c.nodes
                .iter()
                .any(|n| n.kind == NodeKind::Other("image_ref".into())
                    && n.meta["image"] == "alpine"),
            "FROM x AS x is an external pin, got: {:?}",
            c.nodes
        );
    }

    const SAMPLE: &str = r"
use std::path::Path;

pub struct Store;

impl Store {
    pub fn open() -> Store {
        helper();
        Store
    }
}

fn helper() {}

mod inner {
    pub fn nested() {}
}
";

    fn keys(fs: &crate::FactSet) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut k: Vec<_> = fs.nodes.iter().map(|n| n.key.clone()).collect();
        k.sort();
        k
    }

    #[test]
    fn rust_extractor_emits_symbols_and_edges() {
        let fs = RustExtractor.extract("src/lib.rs", "blob1", SAMPLE.as_bytes());
        let ks = keys(&fs);
        assert!(ks.contains(&"file:src/lib.rs".to_owned()));
        assert!(ks.contains(&"sym:rust:src/lib.rs#Store".to_owned()));
        assert!(ks.contains(&"sym:rust:src/lib.rs#Store::open".to_owned()));
        assert!(ks.contains(&"sym:rust:src/lib.rs#helper".to_owned()));
        assert!(ks.contains(&"sym:rust:src/lib.rs#inner".to_owned()));
        assert!(ks.contains(&"sym:rust:src/lib.rs#inner::nested".to_owned()));

        // `open` records that it calls `helper`.
        let open = fs
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .find(|n| n.key == "sym:rust:src/lib.rs#Store::open")
            .expect("open node");
        assert_eq!(open.meta["calls"], serde_json::json!(["helper"]));

        // file defines top-level items; a module contains its nested fn.
        let defines: Vec<_> = fs
            .edges
            .iter()
            .filter(|e| e.kind == EdgeKind::Defines && e.dst == "sym:rust:src/lib.rs#helper")
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(defines.len(), 1);
        assert!(fs.edges.iter().any(|e| e.kind == EdgeKind::Contains
            && e.src == "sym:rust:src/lib.rs#inner"
            && e.dst == "sym:rust:src/lib.rs#inner::nested"));

        // the `use` becomes an imports edge.
        assert!(fs.edges.iter().any(|e| e.kind == EdgeKind::Imports
            && e.src == "file:src/lib.rs"
            && e.dst == "import:rust:std::path::Path"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn rust_extractor_records_struct_field_names() {
        // A struct with named fields records them in `meta.fields` (the follow
        // bridge's join signal); a tuple struct and a unit struct carry none.
        let src = "pub struct ServeConfig {\n\
                   \x20   pub addr: Option<String>,\n\
                   \x20   pub tls_cert: Option<String>,\n\
                   }\n\
                   pub struct Pair(u8, u8);\n\
                   pub struct Marker;\n";
        let fs = RustExtractor.extract("src/config.rs", "b", src.as_bytes());
        let fields = |key: &str| {
            fs.nodes
                .iter()
                .find(|n| n.key == key)
                .and_then(|n| n.meta.get("fields").cloned())
        };
        assert_eq!(
            fields("sym:rust:src/config.rs#ServeConfig"),
            Some(serde_json::json!(["addr", "tls_cert"])),
            "named fields captured in source order"
        );
        // Positional (tuple) and unit structs declare no named fields → no key.
        assert_eq!(fields("sym:rust:src/config.rs#Pair"), None);
        assert_eq!(fields("sym:rust:src/config.rs#Marker"), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn struct_records_field_types_and_config_root_marker() {
        // Field types land in `meta.field_types` (transparent wrappers peeled), and
        // the `@rto:config` marker sets `meta.config_root`.
        let src = "// @rto:config\n\
                   pub struct Config {\n\
                   \x20   pub zerobus: ZerobusConfig,\n\
                   \x20   pub replicas: Option<u32>,\n\
                   }\n\
                   pub struct ZerobusConfig {\n\
                   \x20   pub server_endpoint: String,\n\
                   }\n";
        let fs = RustExtractor.extract("src/config.rs", "b", src.as_bytes());
        let node = |key: &str| fs.nodes.iter().find(|n| n.key == key).expect("node");
        let root = node("sym:rust:src/config.rs#Config");
        assert_eq!(root.meta.get("config_root"), Some(&serde_json::json!(true)));
        assert_eq!(
            root.meta.get("field_types"),
            Some(&serde_json::json!({ "zerobus": "ZerobusConfig", "replicas": "u32" })),
            "transparent wrappers peeled (Option<u32> → u32)"
        );
        // An unmarked struct carries no `config_root` flag.
        assert_eq!(
            node("sym:rust:src/config.rs#ZerobusConfig")
                .meta
                .get("config_root"),
            None
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn config_root_struct_synthesizes_recursive_dotted_config_keys() {
        // A `@rto:config` root with a nested struct field yields dotted `config_key`
        // nodes for its leaves — no committed `*-example.toml` needed. The nested
        // field descends by name into a struct defined in the same file.
        let src = "// @rto:config\n\
                   pub struct Config {\n\
                   \x20   pub zerobus: ZerobusConfig,\n\
                   \x20   pub log_level: String,\n\
                   }\n\
                   pub struct ZerobusConfig {\n\
                   \x20   pub server_endpoint: String,\n\
                   \x20   pub workspace_url: String,\n\
                   }\n";
        let fs = RustExtractor.extract("src/config.rs", "b", src.as_bytes());
        let cfg = |dotted: &str| {
            fs.nodes
                .iter()
                .find(|n| n.key == format!("cfgkey:src/config.rs#{dotted}"))
        };
        for dotted in [
            "zerobus.server_endpoint",
            "zerobus.workspace_url",
            "log_level",
        ] {
            let n = cfg(dotted).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("missing {dotted}: {:?}", fs.nodes));
            assert_eq!(n.kind, NodeKind::Other("config_key".into()));
            assert_eq!(n.meta.get("key").and_then(|v| v.as_str()), Some(dotted));
            // Provenance marks it struct-derived, distinguishable from file keys.
            assert_eq!(
                n.meta.get("source").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
                Some("struct")
            );
            assert_eq!(
                n.meta.get("struct").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
                Some("Config")
            );
        }
        // The nested struct's own container name is NOT a leaf (only leaves emit).
        assert!(
            cfg("zerobus").is_none(),
            "intermediate section is not a leaf"
        );
        // A `contains` edge runs from the file node to each synthesized key.
        assert!(fs.edges.iter().any(|e| e.src == "file:src/config.rs"
            && e.dst == "cfgkey:src/config.rs#zerobus.server_endpoint"
            && e.kind == EdgeKind::Contains));
    }

    #[test]
    fn struct_without_config_marker_synthesizes_no_config_keys() {
        // The safety property: an ordinary struct (no `@rto:config`) never produces
        // synthetic config keys, so the feature is strictly opt-in and additive.
        let src = "pub struct Config {\n\
                   \x20   pub zerobus: ZerobusConfig,\n\
                   }\n\
                   pub struct ZerobusConfig {\n\
                   \x20   pub server_endpoint: String,\n\
                   }\n";
        let fs = RustExtractor.extract("src/config.rs", "b", src.as_bytes());
        assert!(
            fs.nodes
                .iter()
                .all(|n| n.kind != NodeKind::Other("config_key".into())),
            "no synthetic config_key nodes without the marker: {:?}",
            fs.nodes
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn config_root_recursion_terminates_on_a_type_cycle() {
        // A self-referential config type must not loop forever: the cyclic field
        // falls back to a leaf and synthesis terminates.
        let src = "// @rto:config\n\
                   pub struct Config {\n\
                   \x20   pub addr: String,\n\
                   \x20   pub next: Box<Config>,\n\
                   }\n";
        let fs = RustExtractor.extract("src/config.rs", "b", src.as_bytes());
        let has = |dotted: &str| {
            fs.nodes
                .iter()
                .any(|n| n.key == format!("cfgkey:src/config.rs#{dotted}"))
        };
        assert!(has("addr"));
        // The descent path already holds `Config`, so the self-referential `next`
        // field is a leaf rather than recursing — synthesis terminates.
        assert!(has("next"), "cyclic field falls back to a leaf");
        assert!(!has("next.addr"), "no unbounded expansion");
    }

    #[test]
    fn rust_extraction_is_deterministic() {
        let a = RustExtractor.extract("src/lib.rs", "blob1", SAMPLE.as_bytes());
        let b = RustExtractor.extract("src/lib.rs", "blob1", SAMPLE.as_bytes());
        assert_eq!(a, b);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rust_extractor_captures_doc_comments() {
        let src = "/// The central store.\n\
                   pub struct Store;\n\n\
                   /// Opens it.\n\
                   /// Reads the config.\n\
                   pub fn open() {}\n\n\
                   // not a doc comment\n\
                   pub fn plain() {}\n";
        let fs = RustExtractor.extract("src/lib.rs", "b", src.as_bytes());
        let content = |key: &str| {
            fs.nodes
                .iter()
                .find(|n| n.key == key)
                .and_then(|n| n.meta.get("content"))
                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
                .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
        };
        assert_eq!(
            content("sym:rust:src/lib.rs#Store").as_deref(),
            Some("The central store.")
        );
        assert_eq!(
            content("sym:rust:src/lib.rs#open").as_deref(),
            Some("Opens it. Reads the config.")
        );
        // A plain `//` comment is not captured.
        assert_eq!(content("sym:rust:src/lib.rs#plain"), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn prose_file_captures_capped_body() {
        let md = FileNodeExtractor.extract("docs/x.md", "b", b"# Title\n\nSome prose   here.\n");
        assert_eq!(md.nodes[0].meta["content"], "# Title Some prose here.");
        // A non-prose file gets no content.
        let rs = FileNodeExtractor.extract("notes.bin", "b", b"\x00\x01binary");
        assert!(rs.nodes[0].meta.get("content").is_none());
        // Extension matching is case-insensitive: `README.MD` is prose too.
        let upper = FileNodeExtractor.extract("README.MD", "b", b"# Hi\n");
        assert_eq!(upper.nodes[0].meta["content"], "# Hi");
    }

    /// Build a one-page PDF with a single Helvetica text run, computing exact
    /// byte offsets for the xref table so `pdf-extract` can parse it.
    #[cfg(feature = "pdf-text")]
    fn minimal_pdf(text: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
        let content = format!("BT /F1 24 Tf 72 720 Td ({text}) Tj ET");
        let objects = [
            "<< /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R >>".to_owned(),
            "<< /Type /Pages /Kids [3 0 R] /Count 1 >>".to_owned(),
            "<< /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 5 0 R >> >> >>".to_owned(),
            format!("<< /Length {} >>\nstream\n{content}\nendstream", content.len()),
            "<< /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /BaseFont /Helvetica >>".to_owned(),
        ];
        let mut pdf = Vec::new();
        pdf.extend_from_slice(b"%PDF-1.4\n");
        let mut offsets = Vec::new();
        for (i, obj) in objects.iter().enumerate() {
            offsets.push(pdf.len());
            pdf.extend_from_slice(format!("{} 0 obj\n{obj}\nendobj\n", i + 1).as_bytes());
        }
        let xref_start = pdf.len();
        pdf.extend_from_slice(
            format!("xref\n0 {}\n0000000000 65535 f \n", objects.len() + 1).as_bytes(),
        );
        for off in &offsets {
            pdf.extend_from_slice(format!("{off:010} 00000 n \n").as_bytes());
        }
        pdf.extend_from_slice(
            format!(
                "trailer\n<< /Size {} /Root 1 0 R >>\nstartxref\n{xref_start}\n%%EOF\n",
                objects.len() + 1
            )
            .as_bytes(),
        );
        pdf
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "pdf-text")]
    #[test]
    fn pdf_file_captures_text_content() {
        let pdf = minimal_pdf("Hello Roteiro");
        let facts = FileNodeExtractor.extract("docs/guide.pdf", "b", &pdf);
        let content = facts.nodes[0].meta["content"].as_str().unwrap();
        assert!(content.contains("Hello Roteiro"), "got: {content:?}");
        // Extension matching is case-insensitive: `Guide.PDF` extracts too.
        let upper = FileNodeExtractor.extract("docs/Guide.PDF", "b", &pdf);
        assert!(upper.nodes[0].meta.get("content").is_some());
        // A malformed PDF degrades to a plain file node — no panic, no content.
        let bad = FileNodeExtractor.extract("docs/bad.pdf", "b", b"%PDF-1.4\ngarbage");
        assert!(bad.nodes[0].meta.get("content").is_none());
    }

    #[cfg(any(feature = "image-ocr", feature = "image-vision"))]
    #[test]
    fn image_content_guards_before_touching_models() {
        // Case-insensitive image detection. The classifier and the byte cap moved
        // to `crate::media` with ADR-0015, so `media build` and extraction decide
        // what counts as an image with one function rather than two that drift.
        use crate::media::{MAX_IMAGE_BYTES, is_image};
        assert!(is_image("shot.PNG"));
        assert!(is_image("b.jpeg"));
        assert!(is_image("c.jpg"));
        assert!(!is_image("d.gif"));
        // A non-image path returns None without ever looking for models.
        assert!(
            super::image_content("notes.txt", b"hello", super::IngestConfig::default()).is_none()
        );
        // An oversized image is rejected by the size guard, before model lookup.
        let big = vec![0u8; MAX_IMAGE_BYTES + 1];
        assert!(super::image_content("shot.png", &big, super::IngestConfig::default()).is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn doc_comment_body_recognises_doc_markers() {
        assert_eq!(super::doc_comment_body("/// hi").as_deref(), Some("hi"));
        assert_eq!(
            super::doc_comment_body("//! mod doc").as_deref(),
            Some("mod doc")
        );
        assert_eq!(
            super::doc_comment_body("/** block */").as_deref(),
            Some("block")
        );
        // Plain and `////` comments are not docs.
        assert_eq!(super::doc_comment_body("// plain"), None);
        assert_eq!(super::doc_comment_body("//// header"), None);
        // Degenerate block comments have an empty body, never garbage like "/".
        assert_eq!(super::doc_comment_body("/**/").as_deref(), Some(""));
        assert_eq!(super::doc_comment_body("/*!*/").as_deref(), Some(""));
    }

    #[test]
    fn registry_dispatches_by_extension() {
        let rs = Registry::default().extract("src/lib.rs", "b", SAMPLE.as_bytes());
        assert!(rs.nodes.len() > 1, "rust file yields symbols");
        let txt = Registry::default().extract("notes.txt", "b", b"hello\n");
        assert_eq!(
            txt.nodes.len(),
            1,
            "non-code file falls back to a file node"
        );
        assert_eq!(txt.nodes[0].kind, NodeKind::File);
    }

    #[test]
    fn tags_extracts_python_symbols_calls_and_nesting() {
        let src = "def helper():\n    pass\n\nclass Thing:\n    def run(self):\n        helper()\n";
        let fs = Registry::default().extract("app.py", "b", src.as_bytes());

        let names: Vec<&str> = fs.nodes.iter().map(|n| n.name.as_str()).collect();
        assert!(names.contains(&"helper"), "top-level function");
        assert!(names.contains(&"Thing"), "class");
        assert!(names.contains(&"run"), "method");

        // Every symbol is language-tagged.
        assert_eq!(
            fs.nodes
                .iter()
                .find(|n| n.name == "helper")
                .and_then(|n| n.lang.as_deref()),
            Some("python")
        );

        // The method is nested in the class: a `contains` edge to `Thing::run`.
        assert!(
            fs.edges
                .iter()
                .any(|e| e.kind == EdgeKind::Contains && e.dst.ends_with("#Thing::run")),
            "method nested under class via containment"
        );

        // The method's body calls `helper`, recorded for later resolution.
        let run = fs.nodes.iter().find(|n| n.name == "run").unwrap();
        let calls = run.meta.get("calls").and_then(|v| v.as_array()).unwrap();
        assert!(
            calls.iter().any(|c| c.as_str() == Some("helper")),
            "enclosed call captured in meta.calls"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn tags_extraction_is_deterministic() {
        let src = b"package main\nfunc Add(a int) int { return a }\n";
        let a = Registry::default().extract("m.go", "b", src);
        let b = Registry::default().extract("m.go", "b", src);
        assert_eq!(a, b, "tags extraction must be deterministic");
        assert!(
            a.nodes
                .iter()
                .any(|n| n.name == "Add" && n.kind == NodeKind::Fn)
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn tags_extracts_typescript() {
        let ts = Registry::default().extract("svc.ts", "b", b"export class Svc {\n  run() {}\n}\n");
        assert!(ts.nodes.iter().any(|n| n.name == "Svc"), "class");
        assert!(ts.nodes.iter().any(|n| n.name == "run"), "method");
        assert_eq!(
            ts.nodes
                .iter()
                .find(|n| n.name == "Svc")
                .and_then(|n| n.lang.as_deref()),
            Some("typescript")
        );
    }

    // Extract `src` as `path` and collect the `import:<…>` targets it emits.
    // Every import node's key is global, so — like the Rust walker's — it must
    // carry no `path`, keeping the node stable when several files import it.
    fn import_targets(path: &str, src: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
        Registry::default()
            .extract(path, "b", src)
            .nodes
            .iter()
            .filter(|n| n.kind == NodeKind::Other("import".into()))
            .inspect(|n| {
                assert!(
                    n.path.is_none(),
                    "import node must not be file-scoped: {}",
                    n.key
                );
            })
            .map(|n| n.key.clone())
            .collect()
    }

    #[test]
    fn extracts_imports_edges_per_language() {
        // Each case: a file with import statements → the expected `import:` nodes,
        // plus a `file → import` Imports edge.
        let cases: &[(&str, &[u8], &[&str])] = &[
            (
                "app.py",
                b"import os\nfrom a.b import c\nimport x.y as z\n",
                &["import:python:os", "import:python:a.b", "import:python:x.y"],
            ),
            (
                "m.js",
                b"import foo from \"./mod.js\";\nexport { y } from \"./y.js\";\n",
                &["import:javascript:./mod.js", "import:javascript:./y.js"],
            ),
            (
                "svc.ts",
                b"import { A } from \"./a\";\n",
                &["import:typescript:./a"],
            ),
            (
                "m.go",
                b"package main\nimport (\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"os\"\n)\n",
                &["import:go:fmt", "import:go:os"],
            ),
            (
                "M.java",
                b"import java.util.List;\nimport static a.B.c;\n",
                &["import:java:java.util.List", "import:java:a.B.c"],
            ),
            (
                "m.c",
                b"#include <stdio.h>\n#include \"local.h\"\n",
                &["import:c:stdio.h", "import:c:local.h"],
            ),
            ("m.cpp", b"#include <vector>\n", &["import:cpp:vector"]),
        ];
        for (path, src, expected) in cases {
            let got = import_targets(path, src);
            for want in *expected {
                assert!(
                    got.iter().any(|k| k == want),
                    "{path}: expected import node {want}, got {got:?}"
                );
            }
            // The corresponding file → import edge is derived.
            let fs = Registry::default().extract(path, "b", src);
            for want in *expected {
                assert!(
                    fs.edges.iter().any(|e| e.kind == EdgeKind::Imports
                        && e.src == format!("file:{path}")
                        && &e.dst == want),
                    "{path}: expected Imports edge to {want}"
                );
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn every_registered_language_query_compiles() {
        // A grammar/query mismatch (e.g. a future grammar bump) would make a
        // language silently fall back to a plain file node; assert each query
        // compiles against its grammar so that regression surfaces here instead.
        for ext in [
            "py", "js", "ts", "tsx", "go", "rb", "java", "c", "cpp", "cs", "php", "scala", "ml",
            "mli", "ex", "sh", "sql",
        ] {
            let def = super::tag_lang_for(ext).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("no language for .{ext}"));
            let lang = def.lang;
            assert!(
                super::tag_config(&def).is_some(),
                "tags query for .{ext} ({lang}) must compile against its grammar"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn ocaml_impl_and_interface_cache_under_distinct_grammars() {
        // `.ml` and `.mli` share the `ocaml` label but use different grammars, so
        // their config-cache keys must differ or one would parse with the other's
        // grammar (see the config cache keyed on `grammar_key`, not `lang`).
        let ml = super::tag_lang_for("ml").unwrap();
        let mli = super::tag_lang_for("mli").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(ml.lang, "ocaml");
        assert_eq!(mli.lang, "ocaml");
        assert_ne!(
            ml.grammar_key, mli.grammar_key,
            "distinct grammars must cache separately"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn tags_extracts_vendored_bash_query() {
        let src = "greet() {\n  echo hi\n}\nmain() {\n  greet\n}\n";
        let fs = Registry::default().extract("run.sh", "b", src.as_bytes());
        let names: Vec<&str> = fs.nodes.iter().map(|n| n.name.as_str()).collect();
        assert!(names.contains(&"greet"), "shell function greet");
        assert!(names.contains(&"main"), "shell function main");

        // `main` invokes `greet` — a command reference captured as a call.
        let main = fs.nodes.iter().find(|n| n.name == "main").unwrap();
        assert!(
            main.meta
                .get("calls")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
                .is_some_and(|c| c.iter().any(|x| x.as_str() == Some("greet"))),
            "internal command invocation captured"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn tags_extracts_vendored_sql_query() {
        let src = "CREATE TABLE users (id int);\n\
                   CREATE FUNCTION recent() RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT total(id) FROM users $$ LANGUAGE sql;\n";
        let fs = Registry::default().extract("schema.sql", "b", src.as_bytes());
        let names: Vec<&str> = fs.nodes.iter().map(|n| n.name.as_str()).collect();
        assert!(names.contains(&"users"), "table definition");
        assert!(names.contains(&"recent"), "function definition");

        // The table maps to a non-function kind; the function to `Fn`.
        assert_eq!(
            fs.nodes.iter().find(|n| n.name == "users").map(|n| &n.kind),
            Some(&NodeKind::Other("table".to_owned()))
        );
        // The function body invokes `total`, captured for resolution.
        let f = fs.nodes.iter().find(|n| n.name == "recent").unwrap();
        assert!(
            f.meta
                .get("calls")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
                .is_some_and(|c| c.iter().any(|x| x.as_str() == Some("total"))),
            "invocation inside function captured in meta.calls"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            fs.nodes
                .iter()
                .find(|n| n.name == "users")
                .and_then(|n| n.lang.as_deref()),
            Some("sql")
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn ingest_prose_toggle_gates_embedded_content() {
        use super::IngestConfig;

        let content = |ingest: IngestConfig| {
            Registry::new(ingest)
                .extract("notes.md", "b", b"# Title\n\nBody text.\n")
                .nodes[0]
                .meta
                .get("content")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
                .map(str::to_owned)
        };

        // Default (prose on) embeds the markdown body; disabling prose drops it.
        assert!(
            content(IngestConfig::default()).is_some_and(|c| c.contains("Body text")),
            "prose content embedded by default"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            content(IngestConfig {
                prose: false,
                ..IngestConfig::default()
            }),
            None,
            "disabling prose suppresses the embedded body"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn env_tag_stable_by_default_and_shifts_when_gated() {
        use super::IngestConfig;

        // All-on is the default: its tag must equal a plain `Registry` so existing
        // caches are untouched.
        let all_on = Registry::new(IngestConfig::default()).env_tag();
        assert_eq!(all_on, Registry::default().env_tag());

        // Each disabled toggle changes the tag (forcing re-extraction), and
        // distinct disabled sets produce distinct tags.
        let no_prose = Registry::new(IngestConfig {
            prose: false,
            ..IngestConfig::default()
        })
        .env_tag();
        let no_pdf = Registry::new(IngestConfig {
            pdf: false,
            ..IngestConfig::default()
        })
        .env_tag();
        let no_ocr = Registry::new(IngestConfig {
            ocr: false,
            ..IngestConfig::default()
        })
        .env_tag();
        assert_ne!(no_prose, all_on);
        assert_ne!(no_pdf, all_on);
        assert_ne!(no_ocr, all_on);
        assert_ne!(no_prose, no_pdf);
        assert_ne!(no_ocr, no_prose);
        assert_ne!(no_ocr, no_pdf);
    }

    /// The generation toggles must **not** move the extraction cache key.
    ///
    /// Before ADR-0015 they did, and correctly so: `audio = false` changed what
    /// went into `meta.content`. It no longer changes any derived fact, so
    /// folding it in would force every user of `[ingest] audio = false` — this
    /// repository among them — into a full, pointless re-extraction. This test is
    /// the difference between that being a decision and being an oversight.
    #[test]
    fn generation_toggles_do_not_move_the_extraction_cache_key() {
        use super::IngestConfig;

        let all_on = Registry::default().env_tag();
        for (label, cfg) in [
            (
                "audio",
                IngestConfig {
                    audio: false,
                    ..IngestConfig::default()
                },
            ),
            (
                "vision",
                IngestConfig {
                    vision: false,
                    ..IngestConfig::default()
                },
            ),
            (
                "both",
                IngestConfig {
                    audio: false,
                    vision: false,
                    ..IngestConfig::default()
                },
            ),
        ] {
            assert_eq!(
                Registry::new(cfg).env_tag(),
                all_on,
                "`{label}` gates generation, not extraction, so it must not move the cache key",
            );
        }
    }

    /// The two groups of toggle, stated as behaviour: `generates` answers for the
    /// generation pair and nothing else consults them.
    #[test]
    fn generation_toggles_gate_media_build() {
        use super::IngestConfig;
        use crate::media::MediaKind;

        let all_on = IngestConfig::default();
        assert!(all_on.generates(MediaKind::Audio));
        assert!(all_on.generates(MediaKind::Vision));

        let no_audio = IngestConfig {
            audio: false,
            ..IngestConfig::default()
        };
        assert!(!no_audio.generates(MediaKind::Audio));
        assert!(
            no_audio.generates(MediaKind::Vision),
            "each modality is gated independently"
        );
    }
}

/// A tiny in-memory PNG for the media-engine tests, so they need no fixture file
/// on disk. A visible diagonal, so the model has *something* to describe.
#[cfg(all(test, feature = "image-vision"))]
fn tiny_png() -> Vec<u8> {
    let img = image::RgbImage::from_fn(32, 32, |x, y| {
        if x == y {
            image::Rgb([0, 0, 0])
        } else {
            image::Rgb([255, 255, 255])
        }
    });
    let mut png = std::io::Cursor::new(Vec::new());
    image::DynamicImage::ImageRgb8(img)
        .write_to(&mut png, image::ImageFormat::Png)
        .expect("encode png");
    png.into_inner()
}

/// Serialises the tests that drive the process-wide media engines.
///
/// The engine slots and the llama.cpp backend beneath them are process globals,
/// and these tests both build and release them; the harness's default parallelism
/// would otherwise let one test's [`release_media_engines`] land in the middle of
/// another's engine lifetime, making both flaky. A poisoned lock only means an
/// earlier test panicked, so recover rather than cascade.
#[cfg(all(test, any(feature = "image-vision", feature = "audio-transcribe")))]
fn serialise_media_engine_test() -> std::sync::MutexGuard<'static, ()> {
    static LOCK: std::sync::Mutex<()> = std::sync::Mutex::new(());
    LOCK.lock()
        .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner)
}

/// Teardown cover for the real vision engine (issue #291), on a host that has
/// the model installed.
///
/// Compiled only under `image-vision` and **self-skipping** when
/// `smolvlm-500m-gguf` is not in the model store, so CI — Ubuntu, no GPU, no
/// models — compiles it and prints a skip rather than failing. On a machine that
/// *does* have the model there are two assertions:
///
/// 1. the explicit one below: after a real description, the cached engine is
///    released, exactly once;
/// 2. an implicit one that is the whole point of the fix — the **test binary's
///    own exit status**. This test loads a llama.cpp engine on the process's
///    default backend; if the engine were parked in a never-dropped `static`
///    again, this binary would abort in ggml-metal's exit-time teardown
///    (SIGABRT) after every test had "passed", exactly as `roteiro sync` did.
///
/// The mechanism itself — release-once, idempotent, safe when uninitialised — is
/// covered without any model or GPU in `rto_llama::slot`'s unit tests.
#[cfg(all(test, feature = "image-vision"))]
mod vision_engine_teardown {
    // The engines and the generation they serve moved to `crate::media::producers`
    // with ADR-0015; the *release* stayed in `extract`, which is what `main` holds
    // for the process. So this test imports from both, and that split is the thing
    // it is guarding.
    use super::{release_media_engines, serialise_media_engine_test, tiny_png};
    use crate::media::producers::{VLM_MODEL, vlm_content};

    #[test]
    fn describing_an_image_leaves_a_releasable_engine() {
        let _serial = serialise_media_engine_test();
        let dir = crate::models::model_dir(VLM_MODEL);
        if !dir.join("model.gguf").exists() || !dir.join("mmproj.gguf").exists() {
            eprintln!("SKIP: `{VLM_MODEL}` not installed (run `roteiro model pull {VLM_MODEL}`)");
            return;
        }

        // The production path: this is what a `sync` does for every image blob.
        // Whether the model finds words for a 32×32 diagonal is not the subject —
        // that it loaded, and can now be torn down, is.
        let _description = vlm_content(&tiny_png());

        assert!(
            release_media_engines(),
            "the engine `vlm_content` cached must be released, not leaked to exit"
        );
        assert!(
            !release_media_engines(),
            "releasing again must be a no-op, so every exit path can call it"
        );
    }
}

/// Both modalities in one process (issue #296), on a host that has both models.
///
/// This is the case the shared backend exists for, and the one that could not be
/// written before it: `LlamaBackend::init()` was per-engine, so whichever engine
/// a run built second got `BackendAlreadyInitialized`, `.ok()` turned that into
/// `None`, and the second modality was quietly missing. The first assertion below
/// is that *both* engines now exist.
///
/// Compiled only when both media features are on, and **self-skipping** when
/// either GGUF is absent, so CI — Ubuntu, no GPU, no models — compiles it and
/// prints a skip. On a host that has them, three things are checked:
///
/// 1. both engines build in one process, and are the same backend's;
/// 2. both actually run — the vision engine describes a generated PNG and the
///    audio engine transcribes a committed WAV fixture, so the audio path is
///    exercised end to end (the coverage gap #292 could not close);
/// 3. that each modality loads **its own** projector, exactly once (issue #301).
///    Two blobs per modality leave each engine at one projector initialisation,
///    and the two projectors are separate objects: a cache that ignored *which*
///    projector was being asked for would hand the audio engine the vision one,
///    whose `support_audio` is false — the failure mode #298 makes possible by
///    letting both modalities be live at the same time;
/// 4. the **test binary's own exit status**, which is the sharpest guard of all:
///    two engines' models — and now their cached projectors — are resident on one
///    backend, and if the backend were freed before them, or any of them leaked
///    to `exit()`, this binary would abort in ggml-metal's teardown (SIGABRT,
///    exit 134) *after* every test had "passed", exactly as `roteiro sync` did in
///    #291.
#[cfg(all(test, feature = "image-vision", feature = "audio-transcribe"))]
mod two_modality_teardown {
    use super::{release_media_engines, serialise_media_engine_test, tiny_png};
    use crate::media::producers::{
        ASR_MODEL, VLM_MODEL, asr_content, asr_engine, vlm_content, vlm_engine,
    };

    /// Half a second of 16-bit mono 16 kHz PCM in a WAV container: the committed
    /// `syllables` fixture, embedded at compile time.
    ///
    /// This test used to synthesise its own WAV here, which made the workspace
    /// carry two hand-written RIFF writers (#302). The other one — in
    /// `tests/audio_fixtures.rs` — is the one worth keeping: it is a reusable
    /// `encode(rate, samples)` rather than one hardcoded clip, it sits alongside
    /// the FLAC and MP3 writers, and it is integer-exact end to end (a Q15 sine
    /// table, no `f64::sin` and no `as i16`), so it needs no
    /// `cast_possible_truncation` suppression where the generator here did.
    ///
    /// It cannot simply be *called* from here, though — and a shared helper in
    /// `src/` could not be called from there either. Both directions are
    /// blocked, for *different* reasons:
    ///
    /// * `src/` → `tests/`: each file under `tests/` is compiled as its own
    ///   crate, which links the library. The library cannot depend on them; they
    ///   depend on it. `cfg(test)` has nothing to do with this direction.
    /// * `tests/` → `src/`: the library is rebuilt *without* `--cfg test` when
    ///   an integration-test crate links it, so a `#[cfg(test)]` helper in
    ///   `src/` is simply absent from the artefact those crates see.
    ///
    /// So what crosses the boundary is the encoder's *output*, not its source:
    /// the bytes it already commits under `tests/fixtures/audio/`, whose
    /// reproducibility `fixtures_are_byte_reproducible` gates on every run. This
    /// test reads the artefact instead of re-implementing the tool, and the
    /// workspace is left with exactly one WAV encoder.
    ///
    /// `include_bytes!` rather than `std::fs::read`, so a renamed or deleted
    /// fixture is a build error rather than a panic inside a test whose subject
    /// is engine teardown.
    ///
    /// `syllables` and not `silence` for the reason the old generator picked a
    /// tone over silence — near-silence makes an ASR model hallucinate — and over
    /// the tone because it is speech-*shaped* (four voiced bursts under a
    /// trapezoidal envelope), which is a fairer exercise of decode + projection.
    /// It is also the fixture `audio_ingest.rs` already drives through the real
    /// projector, so it is known to decode. The point is still to reach the
    /// model, not to assert on its words.
    /// `pub(super)` so the sibling `projector_binding` test drives the same clip
    /// rather than reaching for a second fixture — one committed WAV, read by
    /// everything that needs one (#302).
    pub(super) const TINY_WAV: &[u8] =
        include_bytes!("../tests/fixtures/audio/syllables-16khz-mono-512ms.wav");

    /// Whether `name`'s GGUF pair is in the model store.
    fn installed(name: &str) -> bool {
        let dir = crate::models::model_dir(name);
        dir.join("model.gguf").exists() && dir.join("mmproj.gguf").exists()
    }

    #[test]
    fn both_modalities_get_a_working_engine_in_one_process() {
        let _serial = serialise_media_engine_test();
        if !installed(VLM_MODEL) || !installed(ASR_MODEL) {
            eprintln!(
                "SKIP: need both `{VLM_MODEL}` and `{ASR_MODEL}` installed \
                 (run `roteiro model pull <name>`)"
            );
            return;
        }

        // (1) Construction, which is where #296 bit. Order is deliberate: the
        // audio engine is the *second* one built, so it is the one that used to
        // come back `None`.
        assert!(vlm_engine().is_some(), "the vision engine must build");
        assert!(
            asr_engine().is_some(),
            "the second engine must share the first's backend, not be inert (#296)"
        );

        // (2) Both actually infer. What the models make of a diagonal and four
        // voiced bursts is not the subject — that each loaded a model on the
        // shared backend and produced a completion is. `*_content` returns `None`
        // on a blank result, so this asserts on reaching the model, not on its
        // words. Two blobs per modality, because one could not tell a cached
        // projector from a rebuilt one.
        let png = tiny_png();
        let _description = vlm_content(&png);
        let _transcript = asr_content(TINY_WAV);
        let _description_again = vlm_content(&png);
        let _transcript_again = asr_content(TINY_WAV);

        // (3) Each modality loaded its own projector, once (#301). Before the
        // cache these counts would have been 2 and 2; with a cache that was not
        // keyed per projector, the second modality would have been handed the
        // first's context and produced nothing at all.
        let (vision, audio) = (
            vlm_engine().expect("resident").projector_inits(),
            asr_engine().expect("resident").projector_inits(),
        );
        assert_eq!(vision, 1, "two images must load the vision projector once");
        assert_eq!(audio, 1, "two clips must load the audio projector once");

        // (4) Teardown, in the order llama.cpp requires: both engines, then the
        // backend they shared. `release_media_engines` does that, and nothing
        // here could have got it wrong — while either engine were alive, the
        // backend release would simply have declined.
        assert!(
            release_media_engines(),
            "two engines and a backend must all be released, not leaked to exit"
        );
        assert!(
            !release_media_engines(),
            "releasing again must be a no-op, so every exit path can call it"
        );
    }
}

/// A cached projector never outlives the model it is bound to (issue #301).
///
/// This is the hazard caching an `mtmd_context` introduces, and the reason the
/// cache is keyed by the model as well as by the `mmproj`: `mtmd_init_from_file`
/// keeps the `llama_model *` it was handed and dereferences it on every
/// `tokenize`/`eval_chunks`. Models are not permanent — the residency cache
/// evicts them — so a projector that survived its model would be a dangling
/// pointer waiting for the next blob.
///
/// The test drives that eviction deliberately: one engine, both models, and the
/// default budget, which keeps exactly **one** model resident. Alternating
/// modalities therefore unloads and reloads, and the projector count is what
/// distinguishes the two designs — a cache keyed on the `mmproj` path alone would
/// hand the third call the first call's projector, pointing at freed memory.
///
/// Self-skipping when either GGUF is absent, like its neighbours, and it uses the
/// fixtures they already commit rather than generating new ones. Its own exit
/// status is an assertion too: it builds projectors over a model that is then
/// freed, which is precisely the sequence that would abort at `exit()` if a
/// projector were left behind.
#[cfg(all(test, feature = "image-vision", feature = "audio-transcribe"))]
mod projector_binding {
    use super::two_modality_teardown::TINY_WAV;
    use super::{release_media_engines, serialise_media_engine_test, tiny_png};
    use crate::media::producers::{ASR_MODEL, VLM_MODEL};
    use rto_llama::llama::{LlamaEngine, Served};
    use rto_llama::{ChatRequest, Engine, Message};

    /// `name`'s installed GGUF pair, or `None` when it is not in the model store.
    fn served(name: &str) -> Option<Served> {
        let dir = crate::models::model_dir(name);
        let (gguf, mmproj) = (dir.join("model.gguf"), dir.join("mmproj.gguf"));
        (gguf.exists() && mmproj.exists()).then(|| Served {
            name: name.to_owned(),
            path: gguf,
            mmproj: Some(mmproj),
        })
    }

    /// One media request through `engine`, returning the completion text.
    fn media_chat(
        engine: &LlamaEngine,
        model: &str,
        images: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
        audio: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
    ) -> String {
        engine
            .chat(&ChatRequest {
                model: model.to_owned(),
                messages: vec![Message {
                    role: "user".to_owned(),
                    content: "Describe what you perceive in one short sentence.".to_owned(),
                }],
                images,
                audio,
                temperature: 0.0,
                max_tokens: 32,
            })
            .expect("the blob reaches its projector and completes")
            .content
    }

    #[test]
    fn evicting_a_model_rebuilds_its_projector_rather_than_reusing_a_stale_one() {
        let _serial = serialise_media_engine_test();
        let (Some(vlm), Some(asr)) = (served(VLM_MODEL), served(ASR_MODEL)) else {
            eprintln!(
                "SKIP: need both `{VLM_MODEL}` and `{ASR_MODEL}` installed \
                 (run `roteiro model pull <name>`)"
            );
            return;
        };

        // Budget 0: one model resident, so each switch of modality evicts the
        // other — and takes its projector with it.
        let engine = LlamaEngine::new(vec![vlm, asr], 0).expect("engine builds");

        let first = media_chat(&engine, ASR_MODEL, Vec::new(), vec![TINY_WAV.to_vec()]);
        assert_eq!(engine.projector_inits(), 1, "the audio projector loaded");

        let described = media_chat(&engine, VLM_MODEL, vec![tiny_png()], Vec::new());
        assert!(
            !described.trim().is_empty(),
            "a second, different projector must work in the same process (#298)"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            engine.projector_inits(),
            2,
            "a different mmproj is a different projector — never the first one reused"
        );

        // The audio model was evicted by the image; asking for it again reloads it
        // at a new address, so its projector must be rebuilt against *that* model.
        let again = media_chat(&engine, ASR_MODEL, Vec::new(), vec![TINY_WAV.to_vec()]);
        assert_eq!(
            engine.projector_inits(),
            3,
            "a reloaded model gets a freshly bound projector, not the evicted model's"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            first, again,
            "and the rebuilt projector produces exactly what the original did"
        );

        // Engine first (its models and their projectors), backend last.
        drop(engine);
        assert!(
            release_media_engines(),
            "the backend is releasable once the engine holding it is gone"
        );
    }
}