// RLX — versatile ML compiler + runtime.
// Copyright (C) 2026 Eugene Hauptmann, Nataliya Kosmyna.
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, version 3.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// RMSNorm backward (row = last-axis slice). wrt: 0=dx, 1=dgamma, 2=dbeta.
struct Params {
outer: u32,
inner: u32,
x_off: u32,
gamma_off: u32,
beta_off: u32,
dy_off: u32,
out_off: u32,
eps_bits: u32,
wrt: u32,
};
@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> arena: array<f32>;
@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> params: Params;
@compute @workgroup_size(1)
fn rms_norm_bwd(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
if (params.wrt != 0u || params.inner == 0u) { return; }
let row = gid.x;
if (row >= params.outer) { return; }
let x_base = params.x_off + row * params.inner;
let dy_base = params.dy_off + row * params.inner;
let out_base = params.out_off + row * params.inner;
let n_inv = 1.0 / f32(params.inner);
let eps = bitcast<f32>(params.eps_bits);
var dot: f32 = 0.0;
var sumsq: f32 = 0.0;
for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < params.inner; i++) {
let xv = arena[x_base + i];
let gv = arena[params.gamma_off + i];
let dyv = arena[dy_base + i];
dot = dot + dyv * gv * xv;
sumsq = sumsq + xv * xv;
}
dot = dot * n_inv;
let inv_r = inverseSqrt(sumsq * n_inv + eps);
let inv_r3 = inv_r * inv_r * inv_r;
for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < params.inner; i++) {
let xv = arena[x_base + i];
let gv = arena[params.gamma_off + i];
let dyv = arena[dy_base + i];
let term = gv * dyv - xv * dot * inv_r3;
arena[out_base + i] = term * inv_r;
}
}
@compute @workgroup_size(1)
fn rms_norm_bwd_param(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
if (gid.x != 0u || params.inner == 0u) { return; }
let eps = bitcast<f32>(params.eps_bits);
let n_inv = 1.0 / f32(params.inner);
for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < params.inner; i++) {
arena[params.out_off + i] = 0.0;
}
for (var row: u32 = 0u; row < params.outer; row++) {
let x_base = params.x_off + row * params.inner;
let dy_base = params.dy_off + row * params.inner;
var sumsq: f32 = 0.0;
for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < params.inner; i++) {
let xv = arena[x_base + i];
sumsq = sumsq + xv * xv;
}
let inv_r = inverseSqrt(sumsq * n_inv + eps);
if (params.wrt == 1u) {
for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < params.inner; i++) {
let xv = arena[x_base + i];
let dyv = arena[dy_base + i];
arena[params.out_off + i] = arena[params.out_off + i] + dyv * xv * inv_r;
}
} else {
for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < params.inner; i++) {
let dyv = arena[dy_base + i];
arena[params.out_off + i] = arena[params.out_off + i] + dyv;
}
}
}
}