rivet/state/

schema.rs

use crate::error::Result;

use super::{StateConn, StateStore, pg_sql};

/// One column in a schema snapshot.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct SchemaColumn {
    pub name: String,
    #[serde(rename = "type")]
    pub data_type: String,
}

/// Compute the canonical schema fingerprint for a set of columns.
///
/// The fingerprint is `"xxh3:<16-char-lowercase-hex>"`.  The algorithm prefix
/// is part of the format so future hashers (sha256, blake3) can coexist —
/// readers MUST verify the prefix before interpreting the hex body.
///
/// Canonicalization: columns are sorted by name (case-sensitive) and
/// serialized as `<name>\t<data_type>\n` joined with no separator.  Column
/// **order** in the source schema does not affect the fingerprint, but
/// column **names** and **types** do; renaming or retyping a column changes
/// the fingerprint.
///
/// This is the value written to the manifest's `schema_fingerprint` field
/// (ADR-0012 M3) and is what `--validate` compares against to detect
/// schema drift between the time of write and the time of verify.
pub fn schema_fingerprint(columns: &[SchemaColumn]) -> String {
    use xxhash_rust::xxh3::Xxh3;

    let mut sorted: Vec<&SchemaColumn> = columns.iter().collect();
    sorted.sort_by(|a, b| a.name.cmp(&b.name));

    let mut h = Xxh3::new();
    for c in &sorted {
        h.update(c.name.as_bytes());
        h.update(b"\t");
        h.update(c.data_type.as_bytes());
        h.update(b"\n");
    }
    format!("xxh3:{:016x}", h.digest())
}

/// Convert an Arrow schema (the dest-facing one, after internal columns are
/// stripped — see `pipeline::sink`) into the `Vec<SchemaColumn>` the rest of
/// the trust contract uses (`schema_fingerprint`, `store_schema`,
/// `detect_schema_change`).
///
/// This is the canonical bridge between the Arrow type system and Rivet's
/// schema-evidence representation.  It used to be inlined in three places
/// (`pipeline/single.rs`, `pipeline/chunked/exec.rs`,
/// `pipeline/chunked/parallel_checkpoint.rs`); each copy was a regression
/// risk because changing the data-type representation in one would silently
/// shift the fingerprint there but not in the others.  Centralising the
/// conversion keeps the fingerprint stable across executors.
///
/// Format note: `data_type` is rendered with `{:?}` (Arrow's `Debug`), e.g.
/// `Int64`, `Utf8`, `Timestamp(Microsecond, None)`.  This is what every
/// existing manifest already records; switching to `Display` would shift
/// every fingerprint in the world and is intentionally avoided.
pub fn arrow_schema_to_columns(schema: &arrow::datatypes::Schema) -> Vec<SchemaColumn> {
    schema
        .fields()
        .iter()
        .map(|f| SchemaColumn {
            name: f.name().clone(),
            data_type: format!("{:?}", f.data_type()),
        })
        .collect()
}

/// Diff between two schema snapshots.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct SchemaChange {
    pub added: Vec<String>,
    pub removed: Vec<String>,
    pub type_changed: Vec<(String, String, String)>, // (name, old_type, new_type)
}

impl SchemaChange {
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.added.is_empty() && self.removed.is_empty() && self.type_changed.is_empty()
    }
}

/// Schema history store — reads and writes `export_schema`.
///
/// Captures a schema snapshot per export on each run and surfaces structural
/// drift (added/removed/retyped columns) by diffing against the stored snapshot.
impl StateStore {
    pub fn get_stored_schema(&self, export_name: &str) -> Result<Option<Vec<SchemaColumn>>> {
        match &self.conn {
            StateConn::Sqlite(c) => {
                let mut stmt =
                    c.prepare("SELECT columns_json FROM export_schema WHERE export_name = ?1")?;
                let result = stmt.query_row([export_name], |row| {
                    let json_str: String = row.get(0)?;
                    Ok(json_str)
                });
                match result {
                    Ok(json_str) => {
                        let cols: Vec<SchemaColumn> = serde_json::from_str(&json_str)?;
                        Ok(Some(cols))
                    }
                    Err(rusqlite::Error::QueryReturnedNoRows) => Ok(None),
                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
                }
            }
            StateConn::Postgres(client) => {
                let mut c = client.borrow_mut();
                match c.query_opt(
                    "SELECT columns_json FROM export_schema WHERE export_name = $1",
                    &[&export_name],
                )? {
                    Some(row) => {
                        let json_str: String = row.get(0);
                        let cols: Vec<SchemaColumn> = serde_json::from_str(&json_str)?;
                        Ok(Some(cols))
                    }
                    None => Ok(None),
                }
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn store_schema(&self, export_name: &str, columns: &[SchemaColumn]) -> Result<()> {
        let json = serde_json::to_string(columns)?;
        let now = chrono::Utc::now().to_rfc3339();
        let sql = "INSERT INTO export_schema (export_name, columns_json, updated_at)
             VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3)
             ON CONFLICT(export_name) DO UPDATE SET
                columns_json = excluded.columns_json,
                updated_at = excluded.updated_at";
        match &self.conn {
            StateConn::Sqlite(c) => {
                c.execute(sql, rusqlite::params![export_name, json, now])?;
            }
            StateConn::Postgres(client) => {
                let mut c = client.borrow_mut();
                c.execute(&pg_sql(sql), &[&export_name, &json, &now])?;
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Detect structural drift versus the stored snapshot.
    ///
    /// On the first run (no stored snapshot) the current schema is stored and
    /// `Ok(None)` is returned. On subsequent runs a diff is computed and returned
    /// as `Ok(Some(change))` when columns differ — but the stored snapshot is
    /// **not** updated automatically. Callers must call [`store_schema`] explicitly
    /// after deciding whether to accept the change (policy `warn`/`continue`) or
    /// reject it (policy `fail`, which intentionally leaves the old snapshot so the
    /// next run detects the same change again).
    pub fn detect_schema_change(
        &self,
        export_name: &str,
        current: &[SchemaColumn],
    ) -> Result<Option<SchemaChange>> {
        let stored = match self.get_stored_schema(export_name)? {
            Some(s) => s,
            None => {
                self.store_schema(export_name, current)?;
                return Ok(None);
            }
        };

        let stored_map: std::collections::HashMap<&str, &str> = stored
            .iter()
            .map(|c| (c.name.as_str(), c.data_type.as_str()))
            .collect();
        let current_map: std::collections::HashMap<&str, &str> = current
            .iter()
            .map(|c| (c.name.as_str(), c.data_type.as_str()))
            .collect();

        let added: Vec<String> = current
            .iter()
            .filter(|c| !stored_map.contains_key(c.name.as_str()))
            .map(|c| format!("{} ({})", c.name, c.data_type))
            .collect();

        let removed: Vec<String> = stored
            .iter()
            .filter(|c| !current_map.contains_key(c.name.as_str()))
            .map(|c| c.name.clone())
            .collect();

        let type_changed: Vec<(String, String, String)> = current
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|c| {
                stored_map.get(c.name.as_str()).and_then(|old_type| {
                    if *old_type != c.data_type.as_str() {
                        Some((c.name.clone(), old_type.to_string(), c.data_type.clone()))
                    } else {
                        None
                    }
                })
            })
            .collect();

        let change = SchemaChange {
            added,
            removed,
            type_changed,
        };

        if change.is_empty() {
            Ok(None)
        } else {
            Ok(Some(change))
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn store() -> StateStore {
        StateStore::open_in_memory().expect("in-memory store")
    }

    #[test]
    fn first_schema_stored_no_change() {
        let s = store();
        let cols = vec![
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "id".into(),
                data_type: "Int64".into(),
            },
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "name".into(),
                data_type: "Utf8".into(),
            },
        ];
        let change = s.detect_schema_change("orders", &cols).unwrap();
        assert!(change.is_none(), "first run should detect no change");
        assert!(s.get_stored_schema("orders").unwrap().is_some());
    }

    #[test]
    fn same_schema_no_change() {
        let s = store();
        let cols = vec![SchemaColumn {
            name: "id".into(),
            data_type: "Int64".into(),
        }];
        s.detect_schema_change("t", &cols).unwrap();
        let change = s.detect_schema_change("t", &cols).unwrap();
        assert!(change.is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn added_column_detected() {
        let s = store();
        let v1 = vec![SchemaColumn {
            name: "id".into(),
            data_type: "Int64".into(),
        }];
        s.detect_schema_change("t", &v1).unwrap();

        let v2 = vec![
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "id".into(),
                data_type: "Int64".into(),
            },
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "email".into(),
                data_type: "Utf8".into(),
            },
        ];
        let change = s.detect_schema_change("t", &v2).unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(change.added.len(), 1);
        assert!(change.added[0].contains("email"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn removed_column_detected() {
        let s = store();
        let v1 = vec![
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "id".into(),
                data_type: "Int64".into(),
            },
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "old_field".into(),
                data_type: "Utf8".into(),
            },
        ];
        s.detect_schema_change("t", &v1).unwrap();

        let v2 = vec![SchemaColumn {
            name: "id".into(),
            data_type: "Int64".into(),
        }];
        let change = s.detect_schema_change("t", &v2).unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(change.removed, vec!["old_field"]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn type_change_detected() {
        let s = store();
        let v1 = vec![SchemaColumn {
            name: "price".into(),
            data_type: "Float64".into(),
        }];
        s.detect_schema_change("t", &v1).unwrap();

        let v2 = vec![SchemaColumn {
            name: "price".into(),
            data_type: "Utf8".into(),
        }];
        let change = s.detect_schema_change("t", &v2).unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(change.type_changed.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(
            change.type_changed[0],
            ("price".into(), "Float64".into(), "Utf8".into())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn fail_policy_does_not_store_new_schema() {
        let s = store();
        let v1 = vec![SchemaColumn {
            name: "id".into(),
            data_type: "Int64".into(),
        }];
        s.detect_schema_change("t", &v1).unwrap();

        let v2 = vec![
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "id".into(),
                data_type: "Int64".into(),
            },
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "new_col".into(),
                data_type: "Utf8".into(),
            },
        ];
        let change = s.detect_schema_change("t", &v2).unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(change.added.len(), 1);

        let stored = s.get_stored_schema("t").unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(stored.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(stored[0].name, "id");

        let change2 = s.detect_schema_change("t", &v2).unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            change2.added.len(),
            1,
            "fail policy must re-detect on next run"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn warn_policy_stores_new_schema_after_change() {
        let s = store();
        let v1 = vec![SchemaColumn {
            name: "id".into(),
            data_type: "Int64".into(),
        }];
        s.detect_schema_change("t", &v1).unwrap();

        let v2 = vec![
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "id".into(),
                data_type: "Int64".into(),
            },
            SchemaColumn {
                name: "extra".into(),
                data_type: "Utf8".into(),
            },
        ];
        let change = s.detect_schema_change("t", &v2).unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(change.added.len(), 1);

        s.store_schema("t", &v2).unwrap();

        let no_change = s.detect_schema_change("t", &v2).unwrap();
        assert!(
            no_change.is_none(),
            "after store, same schema must produce no change"
        );
    }

    // ── schema_fingerprint ───────────────────────────────────────────────────

    fn col(name: &str, ty: &str) -> SchemaColumn {
        SchemaColumn {
            name: name.into(),
            data_type: ty.into(),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn fingerprint_format_is_xxh3_prefix_plus_16_hex() {
        let fp = schema_fingerprint(&[col("id", "Int64")]);
        assert!(fp.starts_with("xxh3:"), "fp = {fp}");
        let hex = &fp["xxh3:".len()..];
        assert_eq!(hex.len(), 16, "fp = {fp}");
        assert!(
            hex.chars()
                .all(|c| c.is_ascii_hexdigit() && !c.is_ascii_uppercase()),
            "fp = {fp}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn fingerprint_is_order_independent() {
        let a = vec![col("id", "Int64"), col("name", "Utf8")];
        let b = vec![col("name", "Utf8"), col("id", "Int64")];
        assert_eq!(schema_fingerprint(&a), schema_fingerprint(&b));
    }

    #[test]
    fn fingerprint_changes_on_rename() {
        let a = vec![col("id", "Int64")];
        let b = vec![col("user_id", "Int64")];
        assert_ne!(schema_fingerprint(&a), schema_fingerprint(&b));
    }

    #[test]
    fn fingerprint_changes_on_retype() {
        let a = vec![col("price", "Int64")];
        let b = vec![col("price", "Float64")];
        assert_ne!(schema_fingerprint(&a), schema_fingerprint(&b));
    }

    #[test]
    fn fingerprint_changes_on_column_add_or_remove() {
        let a = vec![col("id", "Int64")];
        let b = vec![col("id", "Int64"), col("email", "Utf8")];
        assert_ne!(schema_fingerprint(&a), schema_fingerprint(&b));
    }

    #[test]
    fn fingerprint_is_stable_across_invocations() {
        // Guards against accidental non-determinism (HashMap iteration order,
        // process-local randomness in a future xxh3 update, etc).  This is
        // the value written to manifests — it MUST be reproducible.
        let cols = vec![col("a", "Int64"), col("b", "Utf8"), col("c", "Float64")];
        let fp1 = schema_fingerprint(&cols);
        let fp2 = schema_fingerprint(&cols);
        let fp3 = schema_fingerprint(&cols);
        assert_eq!(fp1, fp2);
        assert_eq!(fp2, fp3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fingerprint_distinguishes_split_columns() {
        // Defends against a naive concat-without-separator implementation:
        // "ab" + "c" must hash differently from "a" + "bc".
        let a = vec![col("ab", "Int64"), col("c", "Utf8")];
        let b = vec![col("a", "Int64"), col("bc", "Utf8")];
        assert_ne!(schema_fingerprint(&a), schema_fingerprint(&b));
    }

    #[test]
    fn fingerprint_empty_input_is_well_defined() {
        // Empty schema (no columns) must produce a deterministic value
        // rather than panicking; the manifest writer may need to emit a
        // placeholder fingerprint for degenerate plans.
        let fp = schema_fingerprint(&[]);
        assert!(fp.starts_with("xxh3:"));
    }
}