rio-graphics 0.5.0

// Copyright (c) 2023-present, Raphael Amorim.
//
// This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.

//! Terminal graphics value types shared by Rio's VT core and renderer.
//!
//! This crate holds the plain data types produced by the terminal's image
//! protocols (sixel, kitty, iTerm2) and the glyph protocol, with no
//! rendering, GPU, or windowing dependencies. It is the leaf both
//! `rio-vt` (the safe terminal core) and `sugarloaf` (the renderer)
//! depend on, so the core no longer has to pull the render stack just to
//! model an image.

#![forbid(unsafe_code)]

#[cfg(feature = "image")]
use image_rs::DynamicImage;
use std::cmp;

#[cfg(feature = "glyph")]
pub mod glyph;

/// RGBA color in linear-light 0..1 space. Mirrors `wgpu::Color`'s
/// shape so callers don't have to depend on `wgpu`. Sugarloaf's public
/// API takes/returns this type; the wgpu render path converts at the
/// boundary (see the `wgpu` feature's `From` impls).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct Color {
    pub r: f64,
    pub g: f64,
    pub b: f64,
    pub a: f64,
}

impl Color {
    pub const TRANSPARENT: Self = Self {
        r: 0.0,
        g: 0.0,
        b: 0.0,
        a: 0.0,
    };
    pub const BLACK: Self = Self {
        r: 0.0,
        g: 0.0,
        b: 0.0,
        a: 1.0,
    };
    pub const WHITE: Self = Self {
        r: 1.0,
        g: 1.0,
        b: 1.0,
        a: 1.0,
    };
}

#[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
impl From<Color> for wgpu::Color {
    fn from(c: Color) -> Self {
        wgpu::Color {
            r: c.r,
            g: c.g,
            b: c.b,
            a: c.a,
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
impl From<wgpu::Color> for Color {
    fn from(c: wgpu::Color) -> Self {
        Color {
            r: c.r,
            g: c.g,
            b: c.b,
            a: c.a,
        }
    }
}

pub const MAX_GRAPHIC_DIMENSIONS: [usize; 2] = [4096, 4096];

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
pub struct Graphic {
    pub id: GraphicId,
    pub offset_x: u16,
    pub offset_y: u16,
}

/// Key for `Sugarloaf::image_data` and the renderer's per-image
/// texture cache: a kitty image, keyed by its protocol id verbatim.
/// The full u32 space belongs to the client, so atlas graphics live
/// in a disjoint range above it (see [`atlas_image_key`]).
#[inline]
pub fn kitty_image_key(image_id: u32) -> u64 {
    image_id as u64
}

/// Key for an atlas graphic (sixel/iTerm2): the sequential
/// `GraphicId` shifted above the kitty u32 id space so a kitty client
/// picking a high image id (kitten icat uses random u32 ids) can
/// never collide with an atlas texture.
#[inline]
pub fn atlas_image_key(graphic_id: u64) -> u64 {
    (1u64 << 32) + graphic_id
}

/// An overlay image placement.
/// Used by the renderer to draw images on top of (or behind) terminal content.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct GraphicOverlay {
    /// Image texture key ([`kitty_image_key`] or [`atlas_image_key`]).
    pub image_id: u64,
    /// Screen position (physical pixels).
    pub x: f32,
    pub y: f32,
    /// Display dimensions (physical pixels).
    pub width: f32,
    pub height: f32,
    /// Z-index for layering.
    pub z_index: i32,
    /// Source rectangle in normalised texture coordinates `[u0, v0, u1, v1]`.
    /// `[0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]` (the default) draws the whole image; other
    /// values draw a slice — used by the kitty Unicode-placeholder path
    /// where each placeholder cell shows one slice of the image.
    pub source_rect: [f32; 4],
}

impl GraphicOverlay {
    /// Default source rect — full image.
    pub const FULL_SOURCE_RECT: [f32; 4] = [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0];
}

/// Unique identifier for every graphic added to a grid.
/// An id of 0 represents a temporary, non-referenceable image
/// (matching kitty's behavior).
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Debug, Copy, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct GraphicId(pub u64);

impl GraphicId {
    /// Create a new GraphicId from a u64 value.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn new(value: u64) -> Self {
        Self(value)
    }

    /// Get the inner u64 value.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn get(self) -> u64 {
        self.0
    }
}

/// Specifies the format of the pixel data.
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Debug, Copy)]
pub enum ColorType {
    /// 3 bytes per pixel (red, green, blue).
    Rgb,

    /// 4 bytes per pixel (red, green, blue, alpha).
    Rgba,
}

/// Defines a single graphic read from the PTY.
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct GraphicData {
    /// Graphics identifier.
    pub id: GraphicId,

    /// Width, in pixels, of the graphic.
    pub width: usize,

    /// Height, in pixels, of the graphic.
    pub height: usize,

    /// Color type of the pixels.
    pub color_type: ColorType,

    /// Pixels data.
    pub pixels: Vec<u8>,

    /// Indicate if there are no transparent pixels.
    pub is_opaque: bool,

    /// Render graphic in a different size.
    pub resize: Option<ResizeCommand>,

    /// Display width in pixels (set when GPU scaling is used instead of CPU resize).
    /// If None, display at the original pixel width.
    pub display_width: Option<usize>,

    /// Display height in pixels (set when GPU scaling is used instead of CPU resize).
    /// If None, display at the original pixel height.
    pub display_height: Option<usize>,

    /// Generation counter for cache invalidation.
    /// Incremented when image data changes (re-transmission with same ID).
    pub transmit_time: std::time::Instant,
}

impl GraphicData {
    /// Check if the image may contain transparent pixels. If it returns
    /// `false`, it is guaranteed that there are no transparent pixels.
    #[inline]
    pub fn maybe_transparent(&self) -> bool {
        !self.is_opaque && self.color_type == ColorType::Rgba
    }

    /// Check if all pixels under a region are opaque.
    ///
    /// If the region exceeds the boundaries of the image it is considered as
    /// not filled.
    pub fn is_filled(&self, x: usize, y: usize, width: usize, height: usize) -> bool {
        // If there are pixels outside the picture we assume that the region is
        // not filled.
        if x + width >= self.width || y + height >= self.height {
            return false;
        }

        // Don't check actual pixels if the image does not contain an alpha
        // channel.
        if !self.maybe_transparent() {
            return true;
        }

        debug_assert!(self.color_type == ColorType::Rgba);

        for offset_y in y..y + height {
            let offset = offset_y * self.width * 4;
            let row = &self.pixels[offset..offset + width * 4];

            if row.chunks_exact(4).any(|pixel| pixel.last() != Some(&255)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        true
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "image")]
    pub fn from_dynamic_image(id: GraphicId, image: DynamicImage) -> Self {
        let color_type;
        let width;
        let height;
        let pixels;

        match image {
            // Sugarloaf only accepts rgba8 now
            // DynamicImage::ImageRgb8(image) => {
            //     color_type = ColorType::Rgb;
            //     width = image.width() as usize;
            //     height = image.height() as usize;
            //     pixels = image.into_raw();
            // }
            DynamicImage::ImageRgba8(image) => {
                color_type = ColorType::Rgba;
                width = image.width() as usize;
                height = image.height() as usize;
                pixels = image.into_raw();
            }

            _ => {
                // Non-RGB image. Convert it to RGBA.
                let image = image.into_rgba8();
                color_type = ColorType::Rgba;
                width = image.width() as usize;
                height = image.height() as usize;
                pixels = image.into_raw();
            }
        }

        GraphicData {
            id,
            width,
            height,
            color_type,
            pixels,
            is_opaque: false,
            resize: None,
            display_width: None,
            display_height: None,
            transmit_time: std::time::Instant::now(),
        }
    }

    /// Compute the display dimensions for this graphic without modifying pixels.
    /// Returns (display_width, display_height) in pixels. If no resize is needed,
    /// returns the original dimensions.
    pub fn compute_display_dimensions(
        &self,
        cell_width: usize,
        cell_height: usize,
        view_width: usize,
        view_height: usize,
    ) -> (usize, usize) {
        let resize = match self.resize {
            Some(resize) => resize,
            None => return (self.width, self.height),
        };

        if (resize.width == ResizeParameter::Auto
            && resize.height == ResizeParameter::Auto)
            || self.height == 0
            || self.width == 0
        {
            return (self.width, self.height);
        }

        let mut width = match resize.width {
            ResizeParameter::Auto => 1,
            ResizeParameter::Pixels(n) => n as usize,
            ResizeParameter::Cells(n) => n as usize * cell_width,
            ResizeParameter::WindowPercent(n) => n as usize * view_width / 100,
        };

        let mut height = match resize.height {
            ResizeParameter::Auto => 1,
            ResizeParameter::Pixels(n) => n as usize,
            ResizeParameter::Cells(n) => n as usize * cell_height,
            ResizeParameter::WindowPercent(n) => n as usize * view_height / 100,
        };

        if width == 0 || height == 0 {
            return (self.width, self.height);
        }

        if resize.width == ResizeParameter::Auto {
            width =
                (self.width as f64 * height as f64 / self.height as f64).round() as usize;
        }

        if resize.height == ResizeParameter::Auto {
            height =
                (self.height as f64 * width as f64 / self.width as f64).round() as usize;
        }

        width = cmp::min(width, MAX_GRAPHIC_DIMENSIONS[0]);
        height = cmp::min(height, MAX_GRAPHIC_DIMENSIONS[1]);

        if resize.preserve_aspect_ratio {
            // Preserve aspect ratio: fit within width x height
            let scale_w = width as f64 / self.width as f64;
            let scale_h = height as f64 / self.height as f64;
            let scale = scale_w.min(scale_h);
            width = (self.width as f64 * scale).round() as usize;
            height = (self.height as f64 * scale).round() as usize;
        }

        (width, height)
    }

    /// Resize the graphic according to the dimensions in the `resize` field.
    #[cfg(feature = "image")]
    pub fn resized(
        self,
        cell_width: usize,
        cell_height: usize,
        view_width: usize,
        view_height: usize,
    ) -> Option<Self> {
        let resize = match self.resize {
            Some(resize) => resize,
            None => return Some(self),
        };

        if (resize.width == ResizeParameter::Auto
            && resize.height == ResizeParameter::Auto)
            || self.height == 0
            || self.width == 0
        {
            return Some(self);
        }

        let mut width = match resize.width {
            ResizeParameter::Auto => 1,
            ResizeParameter::Pixels(n) => n as usize,
            ResizeParameter::Cells(n) => n as usize * cell_width,
            ResizeParameter::WindowPercent(n) => n as usize * view_width / 100,
        };

        let mut height = match resize.height {
            ResizeParameter::Auto => 1,
            ResizeParameter::Pixels(n) => n as usize,
            ResizeParameter::Cells(n) => n as usize * cell_height,
            ResizeParameter::WindowPercent(n) => n as usize * view_height / 100,
        };

        if width == 0 || height == 0 {
            return None;
        }

        // Compute "auto" dimensions.
        if resize.width == ResizeParameter::Auto {
            width = self.width * height / self.height;
        }

        if resize.height == ResizeParameter::Auto {
            height = self.height * width / self.width;
        }

        // Limit size to MAX_GRAPHIC_DIMENSIONS.
        width = cmp::min(width, MAX_GRAPHIC_DIMENSIONS[0]);
        height = cmp::min(height, MAX_GRAPHIC_DIMENSIONS[1]);

        tracing::trace!("Resize new graphic to width={}, height={}", width, height,);

        // Create a new DynamicImage to resize the graphic.
        let dynimage = match self.color_type {
            ColorType::Rgb => {
                let buffer = image_rs::RgbImage::from_raw(
                    self.width as u32,
                    self.height as u32,
                    self.pixels,
                )?;
                DynamicImage::ImageRgb8(buffer)
            }

            ColorType::Rgba => {
                let buffer = image_rs::RgbaImage::from_raw(
                    self.width as u32,
                    self.height as u32,
                    self.pixels,
                )?;
                DynamicImage::ImageRgba8(buffer)
            }
        };

        // Finally, use `resize` or `resize_exact` to make the new image.
        let width = width as u32;
        let height = height as u32;
        // https://doc.servo.org/image/imageops/enum.FilterType.html
        let filter = image_rs::imageops::FilterType::Triangle;

        let new_image = if resize.preserve_aspect_ratio {
            dynimage.resize(width, height, filter)
        } else {
            dynimage.resize_exact(width, height, filter)
        };

        Some(Self::from_dynamic_image(self.id, new_image))
    }
}

/// Unit to specify a dimension to resize the graphic.
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub enum ResizeParameter {
    /// Dimension is computed from the original graphic dimensions.
    Auto,

    /// Size is specified in number of grid cells.
    Cells(u32),

    /// Size is specified in number pixels.
    Pixels(u32),

    /// Size is specified in a percent of the window.
    WindowPercent(u32),
}

/// Dimensions to resize a graphic.
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct ResizeCommand {
    pub width: ResizeParameter,

    pub height: ResizeParameter,

    pub preserve_aspect_ratio: bool,
}

#[test]
fn check_opaque_region() {
    let graphic = GraphicData {
        id: GraphicId::new(1),
        width: 10,
        height: 10,
        color_type: ColorType::Rgb,
        pixels: vec![255; 10 * 10 * 3],
        is_opaque: true,
        resize: None,
        display_width: None,
        display_height: None,
        transmit_time: std::time::Instant::now(),
    };

    assert!(graphic.is_filled(1, 1, 3, 3));
    assert!(!graphic.is_filled(8, 8, 10, 10));

    let pixels = {
        // Put a transparent 3x3 box inside the picture.
        let mut data = vec![255; 10 * 10 * 4];
        for y in 3..6 {
            let offset = y * 10 * 4;
            data[offset..offset + 3 * 4].fill(0);
        }
        data
    };

    let graphic = GraphicData {
        id: GraphicId::new(1),
        pixels,
        width: 10,
        height: 10,
        color_type: ColorType::Rgba,
        is_opaque: false,
        resize: None,
        display_width: None,
        display_height: None,
        transmit_time: std::time::Instant::now(),
    };

    assert!(graphic.is_filled(0, 0, 3, 3));
    assert!(!graphic.is_filled(1, 1, 4, 4));
}