rigless 0.3.0

Virtual hardware-in-the-loop runtime: run unmodified firmware on an emulated MCU with every peripheral, chip model and unit of virtual time in Rust, and a CPU core of its own that translates the firmware's instructions to host code
Documentation
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// Copyright (c) 2026 Rigless Labs.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
//! The extended interrupt and event controller of RM0433 rev 9 chapter 20, written against the `exti`
//! layout, for the Cortex-M7 that this part has. Every citation is RM0433 rev 9 unless it names another
//! document.
//!
//! The register pages name the processor's registers `EXTI_CPUIMRx`, `EXTI_CPUEMRx` and `EXTI_CPUPRx`,
//! and Table 149 calls the first two `EXTI_C1IMR` and `EXTI_C1EMR`. This part has one core, so it has
//! the first set alone.
//!
//! **What the model handles and what falls to the register file.** Every register of the chapter has an
//! arm in [`Device::write`], and the model overrides no read, since the register file answers each from
//! the values the model keeps in it. The file settles the stores, the resets and the write-one-to-clear
//! of the three pending registers once the part has corrected them. The model has the rest: the edge
//! detection of the sixteen GPIO lines, the pending bits, the interrupts, the software trigger, and the
//! clearing of a pending bit by a change of trigger. Four registers the vendor's file types read-only
//! hold values the firmware writes, `EXTI_CPUIMR3`, `EXTI_CPUEMR3`, `EXTI_CPUPR2` and `EXTI_CPUPR3`, so
//! the model applies each of their writes itself.
//!
//! **How a GPIO pin reaches an EXTI line.** Section 20.4: for the sixteen GPIO event inputs "the
//! associated IOPORT pin has to be selected in the SYSCFG register `SYSCFG_EXTICRn`". Two of the
//! runtime's seams join the three instances, and no model reaches another.
//!
//! 1. Each port announces the level of its pins as request lines, request `n` being pin `n`. The part
//!    names this instance a reader with `reads_requests("EXTI")`, so it hears every change. It
//!    recognizes a port by [`PORTS`] and keeps the last level of each of the 176 pins, since a request
//!    names the new level alone.
//! 2. An edge that a trigger register selects is routed by `SYSCFG_EXTICRn`, which this instance reads
//!    with a requested access at the instant of the edge. Line `n` takes pin `n` of the port its field
//!    names, so an edge on pin `n` of another port is not the line's. The register stays in the SYSCFG,
//!    where the firmware wrote it, so there's no second copy to go stale, and the read is made only
//!    when a pin changes under a selected edge.
//!
//! The part has three things to give for this to work: the SYSCFG instance's base to [`Exti::new`], the
//! ports in the order of [`PORTS`], and `reads_requests("EXTI")`.
//!
//! | Register or section | Behavior | Source | Test |
//! |---|---|---|---|
//! | Reset state | Every register at its manual value: the trigger, software, D3 and event mask registers zero, the pending registers "undefined" on the page and zero here, and the interrupt masks with the direct lines unmasked, `0xFFC0_0000`, `0xFFF5_FFFF` and `0x018B_FFFF`. The file gives the last two zero, corrected in `memory_map.rs` | 20.6.1 to 20.6.27 | `every_register_comes_out_of_reset_as_the_manual_gives_it` |
//! | `EXTI_RTSR1` to `EXTI_RTSR3`, `EXTI_FTSR1` to `EXTI_FTSR3` | Select the rising and the falling edge, or both, of each configurable line. A line is enabled by enabling at least one | 20.3.1, 20.5, 20.6.1, 20.6.2, 20.6.7, 20.6.8, 20.6.13, 20.6.14 | `a_rising_edge_pends_its_line_and_raises_its_vector`, `a_falling_edge_pends_its_line`, `both_edges_pend_a_line_that_selects_both`, `a_line_with_no_edge_selected_pends_nothing` |
//! | The GPIO lines 0 to 15 | An edge on pin `n` of the port `SYSCFG_EXTICRn` names for line `n` is that line's edge. An edge on another port's pin is not. A selection above port K names no port. An output pin the firmware toggles is an edge as well | 20.4, 11.3.8, 11.3.10, 12.3.2 to 12.3.5 | `a_pin_edge_reaches_the_line_its_exticr_routes_it_to`, `a_pin_of_another_port_is_not_the_lines_edge`, `a_reserved_selection_routes_no_port`, `an_output_pin_the_firmware_toggles_is_an_edge_too`, `an_edge_that_arrives_before_the_routing_is_ignored`, `every_line_routes_through_its_own_exticr_field`, `a_request_that_is_not_a_pin_is_not_an_edge` |
//! | `EXTI_CPUIMR1` to `EXTI_CPUIMR3` | Unmask the interrupt of a line. A pending bit is set only for an unmasked line. Masking a pending line lowers its interrupt and leaves the bit | 20.5, Table 151, 20.6.19, 20.6.22, 20.6.25 | `an_edge_on_a_masked_line_pends_nothing`, `masking_a_pending_line_lowers_its_interrupt_and_keeps_the_bit`, `cpuimr3_and_cpuemr3_take_writes_though_the_file_types_them_read_only` |
//! | `EXTI_CPUPR1` to `EXTI_CPUPR3` | A pending bit of a configurable line, set by an enabled edge on an unmasked line. Written one it clears and lowers the interrupt, written zero it does nothing. Changing a line's rising or falling selection clears it. The file gives `EXTI_CPUPR2` and `EXTI_CPUPR3` read-only, so the model applies their clearing itself | 20.5, 20.6.21, 20.6.24, 20.6.27 | `writing_one_clears_a_pending_bit_and_lowers_the_interrupt`, `writing_zero_leaves_a_pending_bit`, `changing_the_selected_edge_clears_the_pending_bit`, `pending_bits_of_the_second_and_third_register_clear_by_a_one`, `a_second_edge_on_a_pending_line_changes_no_level`, `the_pending_registers_take_the_rule_the_part_gives_them` |
//! | The interrupts | The first sixteen lines each ask the vector Table 147 gives them: `EXTI0` to `EXTI4` on 6 to 10, lines 5 to 9 together on `EXTI9_5`, 23, and lines 10 to 15 together on `EXTI15_10`, 40. Line 16, the voltage detector, asks 1. A shared vector stays up while any of its lines stands | 20.4, Table 150, Table 147 | `each_line_raises_the_vector_table_147_gives_it`, `a_shared_vector_stays_up_until_every_line_is_clear`, `the_positions_in_the_instances_table_are_table_147s_lines` |
//! | `EXTI_SWIER1` to `EXTI_SWIER3` | Writing one triggers the line like an edge: it needs a trigger edge selected and the interrupt unmasked. The register reads zero, the bit clearing itself. Only a configurable line has one | 20.5, 20.5.5, 20.6.3, 20.6.9, 20.6.15 | `swier_pends_an_enabled_line_and_clears_itself`, `swier_needs_an_edge_selected_and_the_interrupt_unmasked`, `swier_reaches_the_voltage_detector_line_and_the_configurable_lines_beyond_the_gpios` |
//! | `EXTI_CPUEMR1` to `EXTI_CPUEMR3` | Stored. The event goes to the core's event input, which has no model, and sets no pending bit | 20.5, 20.6.20, 20.6.23, 20.6.26 | `the_event_masks_and_the_d3_registers_are_stored` |
//! | `EXTI_D3PMR1` to `EXTI_D3PMR3` | Stored: the D3 pending mask of each line that can wake the D3 domain | 20.3.2, 20.5.4, 20.6.4, 20.6.10, 20.6.16 | `the_event_masks_and_the_d3_registers_are_stored` |
//! | `EXTI_D3PCR1L`, `EXTI_D3PCR1H`, `EXTI_D3PCR2L`, `EXTI_D3PCR2H`, `EXTI_D3PCR3H` | Stored: which of four sources clears each line's D3 pending request | 20.3.5, 20.6.5, 20.6.6, 20.6.11, 20.6.12, 20.6.18 | `the_event_masks_and_the_d3_registers_are_stored` |
//! | The direct lines | Stored: their interrupt and event masks, and the trigger registers where the file has a bit. A direct event is rising edge only and has no pending bit here, its interrupt being its peripheral's own | 20.1, 20.3.3, 20.5 | `the_direct_lines_keep_their_masks_and_set_no_pending_bit` |
//! | Reset | The registers, the trigger shadow and the interrupts go back. The ports reset with the part and announce low again, so the levels go back to low too | 20.6, 11.3.13 | `a_reset_clears_the_pending_lines_and_the_levels` |
//! | A routing read the bus refuses | The session is told once. The edge is lost, since the routing can't be known | 12.3.2, 8.7.48 | `a_refused_exticr_read_is_told_once_and_the_edge_is_lost` |
//! | The driver's sequences | ChibiOS's `_pal_lld_enablepadevent` and its `EXTI5_9` handler, register access by register access, on the bus | 20.5.1 | `chibios_enables_a_pad_event_and_serves_it` |
//! | The model's state | It serializes, so the part's snapshot keeps it | n/a | `the_model_state_round_trips_through_a_snapshot` |
//!
//! **What the model leaves out, and why.**
//!
//! | Behavior | Source | Reason |
//! |---|---|---|
//! | The core's event output and the wakeups | 20.2, 20.5, 20.5.3 | The event goes to `rxev`, and the wakeups go to the power controller. The emulator has no event input, and the part has no low-power modes. The event mask bits are stored and a masked or unmasked event changes nothing here |
//! | The D3 domain: its pending request logic, its pendclear sources and its interrupt | 20.3.2, 20.3.4, 20.3.5, 20.5.4 | Power domains aren't modeled. The registers that configure it are stored, see above |
//! | An edge that arrives while a trigger register is written | 20.6.1 note | "If a rising edge on the Configurable event input occurs during writing of the register, the associated pending bit will not be set." A write and an edge at one instant have an order the model gives them and the manual gives no finer. The model orders them as they arrive |
//! | The synchronization delay of the edge detector | 20.3.1, Figure 91 | The manual gives no number of clock cycles, so the pending bit and the interrupt follow the edge at its own instant |
//! | A change of the routing moving a line | 12.3.2 | `SYSCFG_EXTICRn` isn't watched. A selection change that moves a line from a pin at one level to a pin at the other is an edge in hardware, and the model finds it only when a pin changes. The part has nothing that tells it of the write |
//! | An input that has never been driven or pulled | 11.4.5 | The model starts every pin low, as the port does, so the first high a board puts on a floating pin is a rising edge |
//! | The lines no model drives: 17 and 18 and 19 from the RTC, 20 and 21 from the comparators, 49 and 51 from the low-power timers, 85 from the HDMI-CEC, 86 from the Ethernet wakeup, and the 82 and 84 the register pages define | 20.4, Table 150 | No instance drives an edge into the controller yet, so only `EXTI_SWIER` pends them. The vector of each is its owner's own line in Table 147, and a model raises only its own instance's lines, so a pending bit here raises none |
//! | The lines of Table 150 that are direct events, 22 to 44, 47, 48, 50, 52 to 76 and 87 | 20.1, 20.4 | Their interrupts are the peripherals' own. The controller holds the masks and the file's trigger bits, and no pending bit exists for them |
//! | A narrower access than the word every register needs | 20.6 | "A byte or half-word cannot be read or written." The register file lands a narrower store in its lane regardless |
//! | Reserved bits of the mask registers | 20.6.22, 20.6.25 | Bits the manual says to keep at reset value read back what was written, like every other reserved bit of every register this part models |
//! | `EXTI_D3PCR3L` | 20.6.17 | ST's file has no register at `0x50`, and its whole page is reserved |
//! | ES0392 rev 15: the RTC interrupts that share an EXTI line can mask each other, and the RTC alarm flag set again under debug | ES0392 rev 15 | RTC items, and the RTC isn't wired to this controller. No ES0392 item names the controller's own behavior, which the whole errata chapter was read for |
//!
//! **Where this model departs from the vendor's file.** The file gives `EXTI_CPUIMR2` and `EXTI_CPUIMR3`
//! zero where sections 20.6.22 and 20.6.25 give `0xFFF5_FFFF` and `0x018B_FFFF`. It gives the three
//! pending registers plain read-write where section 20.6.21 and the two after it type each bit `rc1`,
//! so the part gives them `WriteModify::OneToClear`. It types `EXTI_CPUPR2`, `EXTI_CPUIMR3`,
//! `EXTI_CPUEMR3` and `EXTI_CPUPR3` read-only where the pages type the first and the last `rc1` and the
//! two between read-write, which the model's own writes make right. It names the registers `CPUxx` as
//! revision 9 of the manual does.
//!
//! **Determinism.** The model reads no clock and draws no number. The same edges and accesses in the
//! same order give the same pending bits and interrupts, and `the_model_state_round_trips_through_a_snapshot`
//! shows the state serializes.

use crate::device::{Device, DeviceContext, Level, RegisterFile, RequestChange};
use crate::soc::stm32h743::generated::exti::Register;
use crate::soc::stm32h743::generated::syscfg::Register as SyscfgRegister;
use crate::soc::{FieldSpec, Layout, Width};

use super::gpio::{PORTS, Pin};

/// The three pending registers, 20.6.21, 20.6.24 and 20.6.27, which the part gives write-one-to-clear.
/// The file lands a plain write, which would erase the bits the firmware didn't write, so the rule
/// can't be left to the model's own arm.
pub const PENDING: [Register; 3] = [Register::Cpupr1, Register::Cpupr2, Register::Cpupr3];

// Positions in the instance's interrupt table, whose lines are Table 147's: PVD_PVM is line 1 from
// EXTI line 16, EXTI0 to EXTI4 are 6 to 10, EXTI9_5 is 23 and EXTI15_10 is 40.
const PVD_PVM: usize = 0;
const EXTI0: usize = 1;
const EXTI9_5: usize = 6;
const EXTI15_10: usize = 7;
const VECTORS: usize = 8;

const ROUTES: [(usize, u32, u32); VECTORS] = [
    (PVD_PVM, 16, 16),
    (EXTI0, 0, 0),
    (EXTI0 + 1, 1, 1),
    (EXTI0 + 2, 2, 2),
    (EXTI0 + 3, 3, 3),
    (EXTI0 + 4, 4, 4),
    (EXTI9_5, 5, 9),
    (EXTI15_10, 10, 15),
];

const LINES: usize = 16;
const PINS_PER_PORT: u64 = 16;
const PORT_COUNT: usize = PORTS.len();
const RISING: usize = 0;
const FALLING: usize = 1;

struct Bank {
    rising: Register,
    falling: Register,
    software: Register,
    interrupt: Register,
    pending: Register,
}

const BANKS: [Bank; 3] = [
    Bank {
        rising: Register::Rtsr1,
        falling: Register::Ftsr1,
        software: Register::Swier1,
        interrupt: Register::Cpuimr1,
        pending: Register::Cpupr1,
    },
    Bank {
        rising: Register::Rtsr2,
        falling: Register::Ftsr2,
        software: Register::Swier2,
        interrupt: Register::Cpuimr2,
        pending: Register::Cpupr2,
    },
    Bank {
        rising: Register::Rtsr3,
        falling: Register::Ftsr3,
        software: Register::Swier3,
        interrupt: Register::Cpuimr3,
        pending: Register::Cpupr3,
    },
];

const ROUTING: [SyscfgRegister; 4] = [
    SyscfgRegister::Exticr1,
    SyscfgRegister::Exticr2,
    SyscfgRegister::Exticr3,
    SyscfgRegister::Exticr4,
];

const ROUTING_REFUSED: &str = "a pin edge could not be routed: the bus refused the read of SYSCFG_EXTICRn, which a part gates behind RCC_APB4ENR.SYSCFGEN, RM0433 rev 9 sections 12.3.2 and 8.7.48";

/// The extended interrupt and event controller.
#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct Exti {
    syscfg: u64,
    // The last level each port announced for each pin, low before the first, which is where an
    // undriven input sits. A request names the new level alone, so the edge is found against this.
    levels: [[Level; LINES]; PORT_COUNT],
    // The rising and falling registers of each bank as the model last saw them. The file already
    // holds the value just written, and a change of either is what clears a pending bit.
    triggers: [[u64; 2]; BANKS.len()],
    // The level each position of the instance's table was last driven to, since a model reports changes.
    raised: [Level; VECTORS],
    // Whether the session was told of the last refused routing read, so that it's told once.
    refused: bool,
}

impl Exti {
    /// The controller of a part whose SYSCFG instance sits at `syscfg_base`, which holds the
    /// `SYSCFG_EXTICRn` registers it reads to route a pin. The part also names this instance with
    /// `reads_requests`, and holds its eleven ports under [`PORTS`].
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn new(syscfg_base: u64) -> Self {
        Self {
            syscfg: syscfg_base,
            levels: [[Level::Low; LINES]; PORT_COUNT],
            triggers: [[0; 2]; BANKS.len()],
            raised: [Level::Low; VECTORS],
            refused: false,
        }
    }

    fn routing_address(&self, line: Pin) -> u64 {
        let register = ROUTING[line.index() / 4];
        self.syscfg + u64::from(register.spec().offset)
    }

    fn enabled(registers: &RegisterFile, bank: &Bank, lines: u64) -> u64 {
        (registers.get(bank.rising) | registers.get(bank.falling)) & lines
    }

    fn pend(registers: &mut RegisterFile, bank: &Bank, lines: u64) {
        let unmasked = lines & registers.get(bank.interrupt);
        registers.set(bank.pending, registers.get(bank.pending) | unmasked);
    }

    fn select(
        &mut self,
        bank: usize,
        side: usize,
        registers: &mut RegisterFile,
        context: &mut DeviceContext<'_>,
    ) {
        let table = &BANKS[bank];
        let register = if side == RISING {
            table.rising
        } else {
            table.falling
        };
        let now = registers.get(register);
        let changed = (self.triggers[bank][side] ^ now) & lines_of(table);
        self.triggers[bank][side] = now;
        registers.set(table.pending, registers.get(table.pending) & !changed);
        self.drive_interrupts(registers, context);
    }

    fn software(
        &mut self,
        bank: usize,
        value: u64,
        registers: &mut RegisterFile,
        context: &mut DeviceContext<'_>,
    ) {
        let table = &BANKS[bank];
        let lines = Self::enabled(registers, table, value & lines_of(table));
        Self::pend(registers, table, lines);
        registers.set(table.software, 0);
        self.drive_interrupts(registers, context);
    }

    fn drive_interrupts(&mut self, registers: &RegisterFile, context: &mut DeviceContext<'_>) {
        let active = registers.get(Register::Cpupr1) & registers.get(Register::Cpuimr1);
        for (position, first, last) in ROUTES {
            let level = Level::from(active & lines_between(Register::Cpupr1, first, last) != 0);
            if self.raised[position] != level {
                self.raised[position] = level;
                context.interrupt(position, level);
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Device for Exti {
    type Register = Register;

    fn write(
        &mut self,
        register: Register,
        value: u64,
        registers: &mut RegisterFile,
        context: &mut DeviceContext<'_>,
    ) {
        match register {
            // 20.6.1, 20.6.7, 20.6.13: the rising edge selections. Changing one clears the line's pending bit.
            Register::Rtsr1 => self.select(0, RISING, registers, context),
            Register::Rtsr2 => self.select(1, RISING, registers, context),
            Register::Rtsr3 => self.select(2, RISING, registers, context),
            // 20.6.2, 20.6.8, 20.6.14: the falling edge selections.
            Register::Ftsr1 => self.select(0, FALLING, registers, context),
            Register::Ftsr2 => self.select(1, FALLING, registers, context),
            Register::Ftsr3 => self.select(2, FALLING, registers, context),
            // 20.6.3, 20.6.9, 20.6.15: a one triggers the line and reads back as zero.
            Register::Swier1 => self.software(0, value, registers, context),
            Register::Swier2 => self.software(1, value, registers, context),
            Register::Swier3 => self.software(2, value, registers, context),
            // 20.6.19, 20.6.22, 20.6.25: the interrupt masks gate the pending bits and the vectors. The
            // file types the third read-only, so the model lands the write.
            Register::Cpuimr1 | Register::Cpuimr2 | Register::Cpuimr3 => {
                registers.set(register, value);
                self.drive_interrupts(registers, context);
            }
            // 20.6.20, 20.6.23, 20.6.26: the event masks, which the file types read-only for the third.
            Register::Cpuemr1 | Register::Cpuemr2 | Register::Cpuemr3 => {
                registers.set(register, value);
            }
            // 20.6.21, 20.6.24, 20.6.27: a one clears the pending bit, and the file drops the write of two.
            Register::Cpupr1 | Register::Cpupr2 | Register::Cpupr3 => {
                registers.set(register, registers.get(register) & !value);
                self.drive_interrupts(registers, context);
            }
            // 20.6.4, 20.6.10, 20.6.16: the D3 pending masks. 20.6.5, 20.6.6, 20.6.11, 20.6.12, 20.6.18:
            // the D3 clear sources. The file stores each.
            Register::D3pmr1
            | Register::D3pmr2
            | Register::D3pmr3
            | Register::D3pcr1l
            | Register::D3pcr1h
            | Register::D3pcr2l
            | Register::D3pcr2h
            | Register::D3pcr3h => {}
        }
    }

    // Notes an edge of a pin and asks which line the firmware routed it to, 20.4. A change no selected
    // edge takes is left alone and costs no read.
    fn on_request(
        &mut self,
        request: RequestChange,
        registers: &mut RegisterFile,
        context: &mut DeviceContext<'_>,
    ) {
        let Some(port) = PORTS.iter().position(|name| *name == request.instance) else {
            return;
        };
        let Some(pin) = u8::try_from(request.request).ok().and_then(Pin::new) else {
            return;
        };
        let before = std::mem::replace(&mut self.levels[port][pin.index()], request.level);
        if before == request.level {
            return;
        }
        let edge = if request.level == Level::High {
            BANKS[0].rising
        } else {
            BANKS[0].falling
        };
        if registers.get(edge) & line_mask(edge, pin) == 0 {
            return;
        }
        context.read_from(self.routing_address(pin), Width::W32, token(port, pin));
    }

    fn on_access(
        &mut self,
        token: u64,
        value: u64,
        registers: &mut RegisterFile,
        context: &mut DeviceContext<'_>,
    ) {
        self.refused = false;
        let (port, pin) = untoken(token);
        if routed_port(pin, value) == Some(port) {
            Self::pend(registers, &BANKS[0], line_mask(BANKS[0].pending, pin));
            self.drive_interrupts(registers, context);
        }
    }

    // A part gates the SYSCFG behind its clock enable, and a firmware that routes a pin before enabling
    // the clock has not routed it, so the edge has no line to take, 12.3.2.
    fn on_refused(
        &mut self,
        _token: u64,
        _registers: &mut RegisterFile,
        context: &mut DeviceContext<'_>,
    ) {
        if !self.refused {
            self.refused = true;
            context.tell(Register::Cpupr1.spec().name, ROUTING_REFUSED);
        }
    }

    // The ports reset with the part and announce low again, 11.3.13, so the levels go back to low too.
    fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.levels = [[Level::Low; LINES]; PORT_COUNT];
        self.triggers = [[0; 2]; BANKS.len()];
        self.raised = [Level::Low; VECTORS];
        self.refused = false;
    }
}

fn token(port: usize, pin: Pin) -> u64 {
    u64::try_from(port).expect("a port fits") * PINS_PER_PORT + u64::from(line_bit(pin))
}

fn untoken(token: u64) -> (usize, Pin) {
    let pin = u8::try_from(token % PINS_PER_PORT)
        .ok()
        .and_then(Pin::new)
        .expect("a token holds a pin");
    (
        usize::try_from(token / PINS_PER_PORT).expect("a port fits"),
        pin,
    )
}

// The port the firmware routed line `pin` to, from the `SYSCFG_EXTICRn` that holds it, or `None` for a
// selection above port K, which section 12.3.2 reserves.
fn routed_port(pin: Pin, exticr: u64) -> Option<usize> {
    let register = ROUTING[pin.index() / 4];
    let selection = field_at(register, (line_bit(pin) % 4) * 4).get(exticr);
    usize::try_from(selection)
        .ok()
        .filter(|&port| port < PORT_COUNT)
}

fn field_at(register: impl Layout, bit: u32) -> &'static FieldSpec {
    register
        .field_at(bit)
        .expect("the register has a field at the bit")
}

fn line_bit(line: Pin) -> u32 {
    u32::try_from(line.index()).expect("a line is below sixteen")
}

fn line_mask(register: Register, line: Pin) -> u64 {
    register.field_at(line_bit(line)).map_or(0, FieldSpec::mask)
}

// The rising register's fields are the configurable lines, which the pending register's page defines too.
fn lines_of(bank: &Bank) -> u64 {
    bank.rising
        .spec()
        .fields
        .iter()
        .fold(0, |lines, field| lines | field.mask())
}

fn lines_between(register: Register, first: u32, last: u32) -> u64 {
    register
        .spec()
        .fields
        .iter()
        .filter(|field| (first..=last).contains(&u32::from(field.bit)))
        .fold(0, |lines, field| lines | field.mask())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::device::{ErasedDevice, InterruptChange, ResetCause, Told};
    use crate::emulator::{Error, Memory};
    use crate::mcu::{Mcu, Operate, Refused};
    use crate::soc::stm32h743::builder;
    use crate::soc::stm32h743::generated::gpioa;
    use crate::soc::stm32h743::generated::{EXTI, SYSCFG};
    use crate::soc::stm32h743::peripherals::gpio::Gpio;
    use crate::soc::stm32h743::peripherals::syscfg::Syscfg;
    use crate::soc::{Bus, Fault, Gate, WriteModify};
    use crate::time::VirtualNanos;

    // Table 147's lines for the vectors the controller drives: `PVD_PVM`, `EXTI0` to `EXTI4`, `EXTI9_5`
    // and `EXTI15_10`.
    const TABLE_147: [u16; VECTORS] = [1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 23, 40];

    const A: usize = 0;
    const B: usize = 1;
    const C: usize = 2;
    const K: usize = 10;

    /// Memory the tests never touch: the controller asks for registers alone.
    struct NoMemory;

    impl Memory for NoMemory {
        fn read(&mut self, address: u64, width: Width) -> Result<u64, Error> {
            Err(Error::Memory { address, width })
        }

        fn write(&mut self, address: u64, width: Width, _value: u64) -> Result<(), Error> {
            Err(Error::Memory { address, width })
        }
    }

    /// The instances this wiring joins, on one bus: the eleven ports, the SYSCFG, and the controller.
    struct Wired {
        bus: Bus,
        ports: [Gpio; PORT_COUNT],
        syscfg: Syscfg,
        exti: Exti,
        now: VirtualNanos,
        refused: Vec<Refused>,
        interrupts: Vec<InterruptChange>,
    }

    impl Mcu for Wired {
        fn bus(&self) -> &Bus {
            &self.bus
        }

        fn bus_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Bus {
            &mut self.bus
        }

        fn reset(&mut self, _at: VirtualNanos, _cause: ResetCause) {
            self.reset_every_model();
        }

        fn poll(&mut self, now: VirtualNanos) {
            self.poll_every_model(now);
        }

        fn split(&mut self, slot: usize) -> (&mut Bus, Option<&mut dyn ErasedDevice>) {
            let name = self.bus.slots()[slot].peripheral().name;
            let Self {
                bus,
                ports,
                syscfg,
                exti,
                ..
            } = self;
            let model: Option<&mut dyn ErasedDevice> = match name {
                "EXTI" => Some(exti),
                "SYSCFG" => Some(syscfg),
                port => PORTS
                    .iter()
                    .position(|candidate| *candidate == port)
                    .map(|nth| -> &mut dyn ErasedDevice { &mut ports[nth] }),
            };
            (bus, model)
        }
    }

    impl Wired {
        // The rig holds no clock controller, so it drops the description's clock gates, as `Single` does.
        fn new() -> Self {
            Self::on(builder().ungated().reads_requests("EXTI"))
        }

        fn on(builder: crate::soc::Builder) -> Self {
            let mut bus = builder.build().expect("the bus builds");
            bus.programmed_only_by("EXTI");
            let mut wired = Self {
                bus,
                ports: std::array::from_fn(|_| Gpio::default()),
                syscfg: Syscfg,
                exti: Exti::new(SYSCFG.base),
                now: VirtualNanos(0),
                refused: Vec::new(),
                interrupts: Vec::new(),
            };
            wired.check().expect("every model sits on its own layout");
            wired
        }

        fn settle(&mut self) {
            let refused = Operate::settle(self, &mut NoMemory).expect("the settle runs");
            self.refused.extend(refused);
            let changes = self.drain_interrupts();
            self.interrupts.extend(changes);
        }

        fn tick(&mut self) -> VirtualNanos {
            self.now = VirtualNanos(self.now.0 + 1);
            self.now
        }

        fn read(&mut self, address: u64) -> u64 {
            let at = self.tick();
            Operate::read(self, at, address, Width::W32).expect("the register answers")
        }

        fn write(&mut self, address: u64, value: u64) {
            let at = self.tick();
            Operate::write(self, at, address, Width::W32, value).expect("the register takes it");
            self.settle();
        }

        fn exti_address(register: Register) -> u64 {
            EXTI.base + u64::from(register.spec().offset)
        }

        fn syscfg_address(register: SyscfgRegister) -> u64 {
            SYSCFG.base + u64::from(register.spec().offset)
        }

        fn read_exti(&mut self, register: Register) -> u64 {
            self.read(Self::exti_address(register))
        }

        fn write_exti(&mut self, register: Register, value: u64) {
            self.write(Self::exti_address(register), value);
        }

        /// Routes line `pin` to `port`, as the firmware's `SYSCFG_EXTICR` read-modify-write does.
        fn route(&mut self, pin: u8, port: usize) {
            let register = ROUTING[usize::from(pin) / 4];
            let address = Self::syscfg_address(register);
            let current = self.read(address);
            let field = field_at(register, u32::from(pin % 4) * 4);
            self.write(
                address,
                field.set(current, u64::try_from(port).expect("a port")),
            );
        }

        /// What the firmware does to set up a line: select the edges, then unmask it.
        fn enable(&mut self, pin: u8, edges: Edges) {
            let line = bit(Register::Rtsr1, pin);
            let (rising, falling) = edges.selected();
            for (register, on) in [(Register::Rtsr1, rising), (Register::Ftsr1, falling)] {
                let current = self.read_exti(register);
                self.write_exti(register, if on { current | line } else { current & !line });
            }
            let mask = self.read_exti(Register::Cpuimr1);
            self.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, mask | line);
        }

        fn port_address(&self, port: usize, register: gpioa::Register) -> u64 {
            let base = self
                .bus
                .peripheral(PORTS[port])
                .expect("a port is an instance")
                .base;
            base + u64::from(register.spec().offset)
        }

        fn write_port(&mut self, port: usize, register: gpioa::Register, value: u64) {
            let address = self.port_address(port, register);
            self.write(address, value);
        }

        /// The outside world driving a pin, as a board does, at the next instant.
        fn drive(&mut self, port: usize, pin: u8, level: Option<Level>) {
            let at = self.tick();
            let slot = self.bus.slot_of(PORTS[port]).expect("a port has a slot");
            let Self { bus, ports, .. } = self;
            let (registers, mut context) = bus.drive(at, slot);
            ports[port].drive(pin_of(pin), level, registers, &mut context);
            self.settle();
        }

        /// Makes a pin of a port an input, as the firmware's pin setup does.
        fn make_input(&mut self, port: usize, pin: u8) {
            self.set_mode(port, pin, 0b00);
        }

        fn set_mode(&mut self, port: usize, pin: u8, mode: u64) {
            let address = self.port_address(port, gpioa::Register::Moder);
            let moder = self.read(address);
            let field = field_at(gpioa::Register::Moder, u32::from(pin) * 2);
            self.write(address, field.set(moder, mode));
        }

        /// The vectors that went up and down since the last call, as the lines of the part's table.
        fn vectors(&mut self) -> Vec<(u16, Level)> {
            self.settle();
            self.interrupts
                .drain(..)
                .map(|change| (change.interrupt, change.level))
                .collect()
        }

        fn pending(&mut self) -> u64 {
            self.read_exti(Register::Cpupr1)
        }
    }

    fn pin_of(index: u8) -> Pin {
        Pin::new(index).expect("a line of the first sixteen")
    }

    /// The bit of line `line` in `register`, from the generated table.
    fn bit(register: Register, line: u8) -> u64 {
        field_at(register, u32::from(line)).mask()
    }

    /// The trigger edges a test selects for a line.
    #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
    enum Edges {
        Rising,
        Falling,
        Both,
    }

    impl Edges {
        fn selected(self) -> (bool, bool) {
            match self {
                Self::Rising => (true, false),
                Self::Falling => (false, true),
                Self::Both => (true, true),
            }
        }
    }

    /// An input on `port` that a board can drive, with line `pin` routed to it and enabled for the edges.
    fn armed(port: usize, pin: u8, edges: Edges) -> Wired {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        wired.make_input(port, pin);
        wired.route(pin, port);
        wired.enable(pin, edges);
        wired.vectors();
        wired
    }

    #[test]
    fn every_register_comes_out_of_reset_as_the_manual_gives_it() {
        /// Sections 20.6.1 to 20.6.27, from the page. The pending registers' `undefined` reads zero.
        const MANUAL: [(Register, u64); 26] = [
            (Register::Rtsr1, 0),
            (Register::Ftsr1, 0),
            (Register::Swier1, 0),
            (Register::D3pmr1, 0),
            (Register::D3pcr1l, 0),
            (Register::D3pcr1h, 0),
            (Register::Rtsr2, 0),
            (Register::Ftsr2, 0),
            (Register::Swier2, 0),
            (Register::D3pmr2, 0),
            (Register::D3pcr2l, 0),
            (Register::D3pcr2h, 0),
            (Register::Rtsr3, 0),
            (Register::Ftsr3, 0),
            (Register::Swier3, 0),
            (Register::D3pmr3, 0),
            (Register::D3pcr3h, 0),
            (Register::Cpuimr1, 0xFFC0_0000),
            (Register::Cpuemr1, 0),
            (Register::Cpupr1, 0),
            (Register::Cpuimr2, 0xFFF5_FFFF),
            (Register::Cpuemr2, 0),
            (Register::Cpupr2, 0),
            (Register::Cpuimr3, 0x018B_FFFF),
            (Register::Cpuemr3, 0),
            (Register::Cpupr3, 0),
        ];
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        let listed: Vec<Register> = MANUAL.iter().map(|(register, _)| *register).collect();
        assert_eq!(
            listed,
            Register::ALL,
            "the manual's table covers every register"
        );
        for (register, value) in MANUAL {
            assert_eq!(wired.read_exti(register), value, "{}", register.spec().name);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_rising_edge_pends_its_line_and_raises_its_vector() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Rising);
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3), "20.6.21");
        assert_eq!(
            wired.vectors(),
            [(9, Level::High)],
            "EXTI3 is line 9, Table 147"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_falling_edge_pends_its_line() {
        let mut wired = armed(B, 7, Edges::Falling);
        wired.drive(B, 7, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0, "a rising edge is not the selected one");
        wired.drive(B, 7, Some(Level::Low));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), bit(Register::Cpupr1, 7));
    }

    #[test]
    fn both_edges_pend_a_line_that_selects_both() {
        let mut wired = armed(A, 5, Edges::Both);
        wired.drive(A, 5, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), bit(Register::Cpupr1, 5), "rising, 20.6.1");
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpupr1, bit(Register::Cpupr1, 5));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0);
        wired.drive(A, 5, Some(Level::Low));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), bit(Register::Cpupr1, 5), "falling, 20.6.2");
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_line_with_no_edge_selected_pends_nothing() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        wired.make_input(C, 3);
        wired.route(3, C);
        let mask = wired.read_exti(Register::Cpuimr1);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, mask | bit(Register::Cpuimr1, 3));
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::Low));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            0,
            "an enabled line needs an edge selected, 20.5"
        );
        assert!(wired.vectors().is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_pin_edge_reaches_the_line_its_exticr_routes_it_to() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Rising);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3));
        let exticr1 = wired.read(Wired::syscfg_address(SyscfgRegister::Exticr1));
        assert_eq!(
            field_at(SyscfgRegister::Exticr1, 12).get(exticr1),
            2,
            "line 3 was routed to port C, which SYSCFG_EXTICR1 numbers 2, 12.3.2"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_pin_of_another_port_is_not_the_lines_edge() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Both);
        wired.make_input(A, 3);
        wired.drive(A, 3, Some(Level::High));
        wired.drive(A, 3, Some(Level::Low));
        wired.make_input(B, 4);
        wired.drive(B, 4, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            0,
            "20.4: line 3 takes pin 3 of port C alone"
        );
        assert!(wired.vectors().is_empty());
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3));
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_reserved_selection_routes_no_port() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        wired.make_input(A, 3);
        let exticr1 = Wired::syscfg_address(SyscfgRegister::Exticr1);
        wired.write(exticr1, field_at(SyscfgRegister::Exticr1, 12).set(0, 0xB));
        wired.enable(3, Edges::Both);
        wired.drive(A, 3, Some(Level::High));
        wired.drive(A, 3, Some(Level::Low));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            0,
            "selections above port K are reserved, 12.3.2"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn every_line_routes_through_its_own_exticr_field() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        for pin in 0..16 {
            wired.make_input(K, pin);
            wired.route(pin, K);
            wired.enable(pin, Edges::Rising);
        }
        wired.vectors();
        for pin in 0..16 {
            wired.drive(K, pin, Some(Level::High));
        }
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            lines_between(Register::Cpupr1, 0, 15),
            "port K feeds all sixteen lines"
        );
        for line in 0..16_u32 {
            let register = ROUTING[usize::try_from(line / 4).unwrap()];
            let field = field_at(register, (line % 4) * 4);
            assert_eq!(field.name, format!("EXTI{line}"));
            assert_eq!(field.get(wired.read(Wired::syscfg_address(register))), 10);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn an_output_pin_the_firmware_toggles_is_an_edge_too() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 13, Edges::Both);
        wired.set_mode(C, 13, 0b01);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            0,
            "an output coming up low is the level the model started at"
        );
        wired.write_port(C, gpioa::Register::Bsrr, gpioa::bsrr::BS13.mask());
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            bit(Register::Cpupr1, 13),
            "the pad is the input in output mode, 11.3.10"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn an_edge_that_arrives_before_the_routing_is_ignored() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        wired.make_input(C, 3);
        wired.enable(3, Edges::Rising);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            0,
            "line 3 still takes port A, which reset selects"
        );
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::Low));
        wired.route(3, C);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3),
            "routed, it is an edge"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_request_that_is_not_a_pin_is_not_an_edge() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Both);
        let slot = wired.bus.slot_of("EXTI").expect("an instance");
        let Wired { bus, exti, .. } = &mut wired;
        for (instance, request) in [("SPI1", 3), ("GPIOC", 16), ("GPIOC", usize::MAX)] {
            let (registers, mut context) = bus.drive(VirtualNanos(50), slot);
            let change = RequestChange {
                instance,
                request,
                level: Level::High,
            };
            Device::on_request(exti, change, registers, &mut context);
        }
        wired.settle();
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0, "only pins 0 to 15 of a port are lines");
    }

    #[test]
    fn an_edge_on_a_masked_line_pends_nothing() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Rising);
        let mask = wired.read_exti(Register::Cpuimr1);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, mask & !bit(Register::Cpuimr1, 3));
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            0,
            "Table 151: a masked line has no status to latch"
        );
        assert!(wired.vectors().is_empty());
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, mask);
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0, "unmasking later finds nothing pending");
    }

    #[test]
    fn masking_a_pending_line_lowers_its_interrupt_and_keeps_the_bit() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Rising);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(9, Level::High)]);
        let mask = wired.read_exti(Register::Cpuimr1);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, mask & !bit(Register::Cpuimr1, 3));
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(9, Level::Low)], "the AND of Figure 91");
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3),
            "the bit stays latched"
        );
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, mask);
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(9, Level::High)]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn writing_one_clears_a_pending_bit_and_lowers_the_interrupt() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Rising);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        wired.vectors();
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpupr1, bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0, "20.6.21");
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(9, Level::Low)]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn writing_zero_leaves_a_pending_bit() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Rising);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpupr1, !bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3),
            "a zero does nothing"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_second_edge_on_a_pending_line_changes_no_level() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Both);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::Low));
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(9, Level::High)], "one rise, held");
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3));
    }

    #[test]
    fn changing_the_selected_edge_clears_the_pending_bit() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Rising);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3));
        let falling = wired.read_exti(Register::Ftsr1);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Ftsr1, falling | bit(Register::Ftsr1, 3));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            0,
            "20.6.21: changing the sensitivity clears it"
        );
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(9, Level::High), (9, Level::Low)]);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::Low));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3),
            "the new edge is selected"
        );
        let same = wired.read_exti(Register::Rtsr1);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Rtsr1, same);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3),
            "writing the selection it already has changes nothing"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn pending_bits_of_the_second_and_third_register_clear_by_a_one() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        for (rising, interrupt, software, pending, line) in [
            (
                Register::Rtsr2,
                Register::Cpuimr2,
                Register::Swier2,
                Register::Cpupr2,
                17,
            ),
            (
                Register::Rtsr3,
                Register::Cpuimr3,
                Register::Swier3,
                Register::Cpupr3,
                20,
            ),
        ] {
            let lines = bit(rising, line);
            wired.write_exti(rising, lines);
            let mask = wired.read_exti(interrupt);
            wired.write_exti(interrupt, mask | lines);
            wired.write_exti(software, lines);
            assert_eq!(wired.read_exti(pending), lines, "{}", pending.spec().name);
            wired.write_exti(pending, lines);
            assert_eq!(
                wired.read_exti(pending),
                0,
                "20.6.24 and 20.6.27 clear by a one"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn each_line_raises_the_vector_table_147_gives_it() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        let lines = lines_between(Register::Rtsr1, 0, 16);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Rtsr1, lines);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, 0xFFFF_FFFF);
        wired.vectors();
        for (line, vector) in [
            (0_u8, 6_u16),
            (1, 7),
            (2, 8),
            (3, 9),
            (4, 10),
            (5, 23),
            (9, 23),
            (10, 40),
            (15, 40),
            (16, 1),
        ] {
            wired.write_exti(Register::Swier1, bit(Register::Swier1, line));
            assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(vector, Level::High)], "line {line}");
            wired.write_exti(Register::Cpupr1, lines);
            assert_eq!(
                wired.vectors(),
                [(vector, Level::Low)],
                "line {line} clears"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_shared_vector_stays_up_until_every_line_is_clear() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        wired.write_exti(Register::Rtsr1, lines_between(Register::Rtsr1, 0, 15));
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, 0xFFFF_FFFF);
        wired.vectors();
        let (five, six) = (bit(Register::Swier1, 5), bit(Register::Swier1, 6));
        wired.write_exti(Register::Swier1, five | six);
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(23, Level::High)], "one vector for both");
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpupr1, five);
        assert!(wired.vectors().is_empty(), "line 6 still stands");
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpupr1, six);
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(23, Level::Low)]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_positions_in_the_instances_table_are_table_147s_lines() {
        let soc = builder().build().unwrap();
        let lines = soc.peripheral("EXTI").expect("an instance").interrupts;
        assert_eq!(lines, TABLE_147, "the part drops the file's line 81");
        assert_eq!(
            [
                PVD_PVM,
                EXTI0,
                EXTI0 + 1,
                EXTI0 + 2,
                EXTI0 + 3,
                EXTI0 + 4,
                EXTI9_5,
                EXTI15_10
            ]
            .map(|position| lines[position]),
            [1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 23, 40],
            "PVD_PVM, EXTI0 to EXTI4, EXTI9_5 and EXTI15_10, Table 147"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ROUTES.map(|(position, _, _)| position),
            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn swier_pends_an_enabled_line_and_clears_itself() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        let line = bit(Register::Swier1, 4);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Rtsr1, line);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, 0xFFFF_FFFF);
        wired.vectors();
        wired.write_exti(Register::Swier1, line);
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), line, "20.5.5");
        assert_eq!(
            wired.read_exti(Register::Swier1),
            0,
            "it always reads zero, 20.6.3"
        );
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(10, Level::High)]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn swier_needs_an_edge_selected_and_the_interrupt_unmasked() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        let line = bit(Register::Swier1, 4);
        let mask = wired.read_exti(Register::Cpuimr1);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, mask | line);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Swier1, line);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            0,
            "no edge selected: the line isn't enabled, 20.5"
        );
        wired.write_exti(Register::Ftsr1, line);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, mask & !line);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Swier1, line);
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0, "masked, Table 151");
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, mask | line);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Swier1, line);
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), line, "either edge enables it");
    }

    #[test]
    fn swier_reaches_the_voltage_detector_line_and_the_configurable_lines_beyond_the_gpios() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        let both = bit(Register::Swier1, 16) | bit(Register::Swier1, 17);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Rtsr1, both);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, 0xFFFF_FFFF);
        wired.vectors();
        wired.write_exti(Register::Swier1, both);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            both,
            "lines 16 and 17 are configurable, 20.6.3"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            wired.vectors(),
            [(1, Level::High)],
            "line 16 asks PVD_PVM, and line 17 asks the RTC's own vector, which isn't this instance's"
        );
        wired.write_exti(Register::Swier1, 0xFFC0_0000);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending() & 0xFFC0_0000,
            0,
            "a direct line has no software trigger and no pending bit"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn cpuimr3_and_cpuemr3_take_writes_though_the_file_types_them_read_only() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr3, 0x0123_4567);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.read_exti(Register::Cpuimr3),
            0x0123_4567,
            "20.6.25 types it rw"
        );
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuemr3, 0x0100_0001);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.read_exti(Register::Cpuemr3),
            0x0100_0001,
            "20.6.26 types it rw"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_event_masks_and_the_d3_registers_are_stored() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        for register in [
            Register::Cpuemr1,
            Register::Cpuemr2,
            Register::D3pmr1,
            Register::D3pmr2,
            Register::D3pmr3,
            Register::D3pcr1l,
            Register::D3pcr1h,
            Register::D3pcr2l,
            Register::D3pcr2h,
            Register::D3pcr3h,
        ] {
            wired.write_exti(register, 0x5A5A_5A5A);
            assert_eq!(
                wired.read_exti(register),
                0x5A5A_5A5A,
                "{}, 20.6",
                register.spec().name
            );
        }
        assert!(
            wired.vectors().is_empty(),
            "an event or D3 setting raises no vector"
        );
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0, "an event sets no pending bit, 20.5");
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_direct_lines_keep_their_masks_and_set_no_pending_bit() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        assert_eq!(
            wired.read_exti(Register::Cpuimr1) & 0xFFC0_0000,
            0xFFC0_0000,
            "direct lines are unmasked by default, 20.6.19"
        );
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, 0);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.read_exti(Register::Cpuimr1),
            0,
            "and their masks store"
        );
        wired.write_exti(Register::Rtsr1, 0xFFFF_FFFF);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Cpuimr1, 0xFFFF_FFFF);
        wired.write_exti(Register::Swier1, 0xFFFF_FFFF);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending() & 0xFFC0_0000,
            0,
            "no direct line has a pending bit, 20.1"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_reset_clears_the_pending_lines_and_the_levels() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Rising);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(wired.vectors(), [(9, Level::High)]);
        Mcu::reset(&mut wired, VirtualNanos(100), ResetCause::Pin);
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0);
        assert_eq!(wired.read_exti(Register::Cpuimr1), 0xFFC0_0000);
        wired.vectors();
        wired.route(3, C);
        wired.enable(3, Edges::Rising);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            0,
            "the pin is analog again and reads low, 11.3.13"
        );
        wired.make_input(C, 3);
        assert_eq!(
            wired.pending(),
            bit(Register::Cpupr1, 3),
            "the board still drives it high, so leaving analog mode is a rise from the low the line held"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_refused_exticr_read_is_told_once_and_the_edge_is_lost() {
        let builder = builder()
            .ungated()
            .reads_requests("EXTI")
            .gate("SYSCFG", Gate::by("RCC", "APB4ENR", "SYSCFGEN"));
        let mut wired = Wired::on(builder);
        wired.make_input(C, 3);
        wired.enable(3, Edges::Rising);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::Low));
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(wired.pending(), 0, "the routing couldn't be read");
        let told: Vec<Told> = wired.drain_told();
        assert_eq!(told.len(), 1, "told once, not on every edge: {told:?}");
        assert_eq!(told[0].instance, "EXTI");
        assert!(told[0].reason.contains("8.7.48"), "{}", told[0].reason);
        assert!(
            wired
                .refused
                .iter()
                .all(|refused| matches!(refused.fault, Fault::Gated { .. })),
            "the bus refused each as a gated access"
        );
    }

    /// ChibiOS's `_pal_lld_enablepadevent` for PC7 on both edges, and the `EXTI5_9` handler's read and
    /// clear of `EXTI->PR1`, access by access. The firmware's `(current & mask) | (port << offset)` is the
    /// field's `set`.
    #[test]
    fn chibios_enables_a_pad_event_and_serves_it() {
        let mut wired = Wired::new();
        wired.make_input(C, 7);
        let padmask = bit(Register::Rtsr1, 7);
        let exticr2 = Wired::syscfg_address(SyscfgRegister::Exticr2);
        let current = wired.read(exticr2);
        wired.write(
            exticr2,
            field_at(SyscfgRegister::Exticr2, 12).set(current, 2),
        );
        for register in [Register::Rtsr1, Register::Ftsr1] {
            let address = Wired::exti_address(register);
            let value = wired.read(address);
            wired.write(address, value | padmask);
        }
        let (imr1, emr1) = (
            Wired::exti_address(Register::Cpuimr1),
            Wired::exti_address(Register::Cpuemr1),
        );
        let value = wired.read(imr1);
        wired.write(imr1, value | padmask);
        let value = wired.read(emr1);
        wired.write(emr1, value & !padmask);
        wired.vectors();

        wired.drive(C, 7, Some(Level::High));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.vectors(),
            [(23, Level::High)],
            "EXTI9_5 takes the edge"
        );
        let pr1 = Wired::exti_address(Register::Cpupr1);
        let group = lines_between(Register::Cpupr1, 5, 9);
        let served = wired.read(pr1) & group;
        wired.write(pr1, served);
        assert_eq!(
            served, padmask,
            "the handler finds PC7's line and nothing else"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            wired.vectors(),
            [(23, Level::Low)],
            "its write lowers the vector"
        );
        wired.drive(C, 7, Some(Level::Low));
        assert_eq!(
            wired.read(pr1) & group,
            padmask,
            "both edges were enabled, so the falling one is served the same way"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_model_state_round_trips_through_a_snapshot() {
        let mut wired = armed(C, 3, Edges::Rising);
        wired.drive(C, 3, Some(Level::High));
        let bytes = postcard::to_stdvec(&wired.exti).expect("the state serializes");
        let restored: Exti = postcard::from_bytes(&bytes).expect("the state deserializes");
        assert_eq!(postcard::to_stdvec(&restored).unwrap(), bytes);
        assert_eq!(restored.levels[C][3], Level::High, "the pin levels survive");
        assert_eq!(
            restored.raised[4],
            Level::High,
            "so does what it last raised"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_pending_registers_take_the_rule_the_part_gives_them() {
        let soc = builder().build().unwrap();
        for register in PENDING {
            assert_eq!(
                soc.registers("EXTI")
                    .expect("an instance")
                    .write_rule(register.index()),
                WriteModify::OneToClear,
                "{}",
                register.spec().name
            );
        }
    }
}