reasonkit-core 0.1.8

//! Formal Verification for ReasonKit ThinkTools
//!
//! This module provides mathematical guarantees and verification for critical
//! safety properties of ThinkTool reasoning protocols.
//!
//! ## Capabilities
//!
//! 1. **Kani Verification**: Rust-level verification for memory safety, panic freedom
//! 2. **Bolero Integration**: Unified fuzzing and verification
//! 3. **Z3 Theorem Proving**: Formal verification of logical properties
//! 4. **QuickCheck Properties**: Property-based testing with formal guarantees
//!
//! ## Architecture
//!
//! ```text
//! Formal Verification Stack
//! ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
//! │  Kani (Rust Verification)                    │  ← Memory safety
//! │  • Panic freedom verification                │
//! │  • Buffer overflow prevention                 │
//! │  • Null pointer dereference detection        │
//! └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
//! ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
//! │  Bolero (Fuzz & Verify)                      │  ← Unified engine
//! │  • Fuzzing with verification conditions       │
//! │  • Coverage-guided property testing           │
//! │  • Kani integration for critical paths       │
//! └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
//! ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
//! │  Z3 Theorem Prover                           │  ← Logical properties
//! │  • SMT solver for protocol correctness       │
//! │  • Logical constraint solving                │
//! │  • Automated theorem proving                 │
//! └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
//! ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
//! │  QuickCheck Properties                       │  ← Property testing
//! │  • Invariant preservation                    │
//! │  • Serialization roundtrips                  │
//! │  • Equivalence classes                       │
//! └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
//! ```
//!
//! ## Usage
//!
//! ### Kani Verification (requires Kani toolchain)
//!
//! ```rust,ignore
//! #[cfg(kani)]
//! #[kani::proof]
//! fn verify_thinktool_memory_safety() {
//!     let input = kani::any::<ProtocolInput>();
//!     let thinktool = ThinkTool::new(ThinkToolType::GigaThink);
//!     
//!     // Kani verifies no buffer overflows, null dereferences
//!     let result = thinktool.execute(&input);
//!     kani::assert!(result.is_ok(), "ThinkTool execution must not panic");
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! ### Bolero Integration
//!
//! ```rust,ignore
//! bolero::check!()
//!     .with_type::<AdversarialInput>()
//!     .cloned()
//!     .for_each(|input| {
//!         // Property: Adversarial examples shouldn't crash
//!         let thinktool = ThinkTool::new(ThinkToolType::LaserLogic);
//!         let result = thinktool.execute(&input.into_context());
//!         assert!(result.is_ok());
//!     });
//! ```
//!
//! ### QuickCheck Properties
//!
//! ```rust,ignore
//! #[quickcheck]
//! fn protocol_input_serialization_roundtrip(input: ProtocolInput) -> bool {
//!     let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&input).unwrap();
//!     let deserialized: ProtocolInput = serde_json::from_str(&serialized).unwrap();
//!     input == deserialized
//! }
//! ```

mod kani_verification;
mod bolero_integration;
mod quickcheck_properties;
mod safety_invariants;

pub use kani_verification::*;
pub use bolero_integration::*;
pub use quickcheck_properties::*;
pub use safety_invariants::*;

/// Core verification trait for ThinkTools
pub trait ThinkToolVerifiable {
    /// Verify safety properties for this ThinkTool
    fn verify_safety(&self) -> VerificationResult;
    
    /// Check memory safety invariants
    fn verify_memory_safety(&self) -> MemorySafetyResult;
    
    /// Verify logical consistency properties
    fn verify_logic(&self) -> LogicVerificationResult;
}

/// Verification result with confidence and evidence
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct VerificationResult {
    /// Verification status
    pub status: VerificationStatus,
    /// Confidence level (0.0-1.0)
    pub confidence: f64,
    /// Verification evidence (proofs, counterexamples, etc.)
    pub evidence: Vec<VerificationEvidence>,
    /// Time taken for verification
    pub duration_ms: u64,
    /// Verification method used
    pub method: VerificationMethod,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum VerificationStatus {
    Verified,
    Failed,
    Inconclusive,
    Timeout,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum VerificationEvidence {
    Counterexample(String),
    Proof(String),
    Witness(Vec<String>),
    Metric(f64),
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
pub enum VerificationMethod {
    Kani,
    Bolero,
    QuickCheck,
    Z3,
    Manual,
}

/// Memory safety verification result
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct MemorySafetyResult {
    /// Panic freedom verified
    pub panic_free: bool,
    /// Buffer overflow safety
    pub buffer_safe: bool,
    /// Null pointer safety
    pub null_pointer_safe: bool,
    /// Use-after-free safety
    pub use_after_free_safe: bool,
    /// Data race safety
    pub data_race_safe: bool,
}

/// Logical consistency verification result
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct LogicVerificationResult {
    /// Protocol consistency
    pub protocol_consistent: bool,
    /// Output stability (same input → same output)
    pub output_stable: bool,
    /// Confidence monotonicity (more data → higher confidence)
    pub confidence_monotonic: bool,
    /// Resource boundedness (finite execution)
    pub resource_bounded: bool,
    /// Termination guarantee
    pub terminates: bool,
}

/// Safety invariants that must hold for all ThinkTools
pub struct ThinkToolSafetyInvariants;

impl ThinkToolSafetyInvariants {
    /// All confidence scores must be in [0.0, 1.0]
    pub fn confidence_bounds(confidence: f64) -> bool {
        (0.0..=1.0).contains(&confidence)
    }
    
    /// Query length must be bounded (prevent memory exhaustion)
    pub fn query_length_bounds(query: &str, max_length: usize) -> bool {
        query.len() <= max_length
    }
    
    /// JSON output must be valid (non-malformed)
    pub fn json_validity(output: &serde_json::Value) -> bool {
        serde_json::to_string(output).is_ok()
    }
    
    /// Protocol execution must be idempotent
    pub fn execution_idempotent<F>(execute: F, input: &str) -> bool 
    where
        F: Fn(&str) -> Result<serde_json::Value, String>,
    {
        let result1 = execute(input);
        let result2 = execute(input);
        
        match (result1, result2) {
            (Ok(r1), Ok(r2)) => r1 == r2,
            _ => false,
        }
    }
}

/// Property-based testing helpers
pub mod property_helpers {
    use super::*;
    use proptest::prelude::*;
    
    /// Property: All ThinkTool outputs contain confidence field
    pub fn output_has_confidence() -> impl Strategy<Value = bool> {
        Just(true).prop_map(|_| {
            // This would be implemented with specific ThinkTool testing
            true
        })
    }
    
    /// Property: Confidence scores are correctly bounded
    pub fn confidence_bounded() -> impl Strategy<Value = bool> {
        (0.0..=1.0).prop_map(|confidence| {
            ThinkToolSafetyInvariants::confidence_bounds(confidence)
        })
    }
    
    /// Property: Protocol IDs are valid identifiers
    pub fn protocol_id_valid() -> impl Strategy<Value = bool> {
        "[a-z]+".prop_map(|id: String| {
            !id.is_empty() && id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_lowercase())
        })
    }
}