use crate::{DeviceError, DeviceResult};
use scirs2_core::ndarray::{Array1, Array2};
use scirs2_core::Complex64;
use std::collections::HashMap;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum TargetBackend {
IBMQuantum,
AWSBraket,
AzureQuantum,
GenericQASM,
Custom,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum OptimizationLevel {
O0,
O1,
O2,
O3,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CrossCompilerConfig {
pub target: TargetBackend,
pub optimization_level: OptimizationLevel,
pub enable_gate_fusion: bool,
pub enable_commutation_opt: bool,
pub enable_backend_opt: bool,
pub max_circuit_depth: Option<usize>,
}
impl Default for CrossCompilerConfig {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
target: TargetBackend::GenericQASM,
optimization_level: OptimizationLevel::O2,
enable_gate_fusion: true,
enable_commutation_opt: true,
enable_backend_opt: true,
max_circuit_depth: None,
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct QuantumIR {
pub num_qubits: usize,
pub instructions: Vec<IRInstruction>,
pub metadata: IRMetadata,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum IRInstruction {
SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType,
target: usize,
parameters: Vec<f64>,
},
TwoQubitGate {
gate_type: TwoQubitGateType,
control: usize,
target: usize,
parameters: Vec<f64>,
},
Measure { qubit: usize, classical_bit: usize },
Barrier { qubits: Vec<usize> },
Custom {
name: String,
qubits: Vec<usize>,
parameters: Vec<f64>,
},
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum SingleQubitGateType {
Hadamard,
PauliX,
PauliY,
PauliZ,
Phase,
T,
TDagger,
S,
SDagger,
Rx,
Ry,
Rz,
U3,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum TwoQubitGateType {
CNOT,
CZ,
SWAP,
Controlled,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct IRMetadata {
pub name: String,
pub created: std::time::SystemTime,
pub source_backend: Option<TargetBackend>,
pub optimization_passes: Vec<String>,
}
impl Default for IRMetadata {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
name: "quantum_circuit".to_string(),
created: std::time::SystemTime::now(),
source_backend: None,
optimization_passes: Vec::new(),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CompilationResult {
pub code: String,
pub optimized_ir: QuantumIR,
pub statistics: CompilationStatistics,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CompilationStatistics {
pub original_instruction_count: usize,
pub optimized_instruction_count: usize,
pub original_depth: usize,
pub optimized_depth: usize,
pub num_optimization_passes: usize,
pub compilation_time_ms: u128,
}
pub struct CrossCompiler {
config: CrossCompilerConfig,
}
impl CrossCompiler {
pub fn new(config: CrossCompilerConfig) -> Self {
Self { config }
}
pub fn default() -> Self {
Self::new(CrossCompilerConfig::default())
}
pub fn compile(&self, ir: QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<CompilationResult> {
let start_time = std::time::Instant::now();
let original_count = ir.instructions.len();
let original_depth = self.compute_circuit_depth(&ir);
let mut optimized_ir = ir.clone();
let mut num_passes = 0;
if self.config.optimization_level != OptimizationLevel::O0 {
if self.config.enable_gate_fusion {
optimized_ir = self.apply_gate_fusion(optimized_ir)?;
num_passes += 1;
}
if self.config.enable_commutation_opt {
optimized_ir = self.apply_commutation_optimization(optimized_ir)?;
num_passes += 1;
}
if self.config.enable_backend_opt {
optimized_ir = self.apply_backend_optimization(optimized_ir)?;
num_passes += 1;
}
optimized_ir = self.remove_identity_gates(optimized_ir)?;
num_passes += 1;
}
let optimized_count = optimized_ir.instructions.len();
let optimized_depth = self.compute_circuit_depth(&optimized_ir);
let code = self.generate_backend_code(&optimized_ir)?;
let compilation_time = start_time.elapsed().as_millis();
Ok(CompilationResult {
code,
optimized_ir,
statistics: CompilationStatistics {
original_instruction_count: original_count,
optimized_instruction_count: optimized_count,
original_depth,
optimized_depth,
num_optimization_passes: num_passes,
compilation_time_ms: compilation_time,
},
})
}
fn compute_circuit_depth(&self, ir: &QuantumIR) -> usize {
let mut qubit_depths = vec![0; ir.num_qubits];
for instr in &ir.instructions {
match instr {
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate { target, .. } => {
qubit_depths[*target] += 1;
}
IRInstruction::TwoQubitGate {
control, target, ..
} => {
let max_depth = qubit_depths[*control].max(qubit_depths[*target]);
qubit_depths[*control] = max_depth + 1;
qubit_depths[*target] = max_depth + 1;
}
IRInstruction::Measure { qubit, .. } => {
qubit_depths[*qubit] += 1;
}
IRInstruction::Barrier { qubits } => {
if !qubits.is_empty() {
let max_depth = qubits.iter().map(|&q| qubit_depths[q]).max().unwrap_or(0);
for &q in qubits {
qubit_depths[q] = max_depth + 1;
}
}
}
IRInstruction::Custom { qubits, .. } => {
if !qubits.is_empty() {
let max_depth = qubits.iter().map(|&q| qubit_depths[q]).max().unwrap_or(0);
for &q in qubits {
qubit_depths[q] = max_depth + 1;
}
}
}
}
}
qubit_depths.into_iter().max().unwrap_or(0)
}
fn apply_gate_fusion(&self, mut ir: QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<QuantumIR> {
let mut optimized_instructions = Vec::new();
let mut i = 0;
while i < ir.instructions.len() {
if i + 1 < ir.instructions.len() {
match (&ir.instructions[i], &ir.instructions[i + 1]) {
(
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Rz,
target: t1,
parameters: p1,
},
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Rz,
target: t2,
parameters: p2,
},
) if t1 == t2 && p1.len() == 1 && p2.len() == 1 => {
optimized_instructions.push(IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Rz,
target: *t1,
parameters: vec![p1[0] + p2[0]],
});
i += 2;
continue;
}
_ => {}
}
}
optimized_instructions.push(ir.instructions[i].clone());
i += 1;
}
ir.instructions = optimized_instructions;
ir.metadata
.optimization_passes
.push("gate_fusion".to_string());
Ok(ir)
}
fn apply_commutation_optimization(&self, mut ir: QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<QuantumIR> {
let mut measurements = Vec::new();
let mut other_instructions = Vec::new();
for instr in ir.instructions {
match instr {
IRInstruction::Measure { .. } => measurements.push(instr),
_ => other_instructions.push(instr),
}
}
other_instructions.extend(measurements);
ir.instructions = other_instructions;
ir.metadata
.optimization_passes
.push("commutation_opt".to_string());
Ok(ir)
}
fn apply_backend_optimization(&self, mut ir: QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<QuantumIR> {
match self.config.target {
TargetBackend::IBMQuantum => {
ir = self.decompose_to_ibm_basis(ir)?;
}
TargetBackend::AWSBraket => {
}
TargetBackend::AzureQuantum => {
}
_ => {}
}
ir.metadata
.optimization_passes
.push("backend_specific".to_string());
Ok(ir)
}
fn decompose_to_ibm_basis(&self, mut ir: QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<QuantumIR> {
let mut decomposed = Vec::new();
for instr in ir.instructions {
match instr {
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target,
..
} => {
decomposed.push(IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::U3,
target,
parameters: vec![std::f64::consts::PI / 2.0, 0.0, std::f64::consts::PI],
});
}
IRInstruction::TwoQubitGate {
gate_type: TwoQubitGateType::CNOT,
control,
target,
..
} => {
decomposed.push(IRInstruction::TwoQubitGate {
gate_type: TwoQubitGateType::CNOT,
control,
target,
parameters: vec![],
});
}
other => decomposed.push(other),
}
}
ir.instructions = decomposed;
Ok(ir)
}
fn remove_identity_gates(&self, mut ir: QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<QuantumIR> {
ir.instructions.retain(|instr| {
!matches!(
instr,
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Rz,
parameters,
..
} if parameters.len() == 1 && parameters[0].abs() < 1e-10
)
});
ir.metadata
.optimization_passes
.push("identity_removal".to_string());
Ok(ir)
}
fn generate_backend_code(&self, ir: &QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<String> {
match self.config.target {
TargetBackend::IBMQuantum | TargetBackend::GenericQASM => self.generate_qasm_code(ir),
TargetBackend::AWSBraket => self.generate_braket_code(ir),
TargetBackend::AzureQuantum => self.generate_azure_code(ir),
TargetBackend::Custom => {
Ok("// Custom backend code generation not implemented\n".to_string())
}
}
}
fn generate_qasm_code(&self, ir: &QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<String> {
let mut code = String::new();
code.push_str("OPENQASM 2.0;\n");
code.push_str("include \"qelib1.inc\";\n");
code.push_str(&format!("qreg q[{}];\n", ir.num_qubits));
code.push_str(&format!("creg c[{}];\n", ir.num_qubits));
for instr in &ir.instructions {
match instr {
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type,
target,
parameters,
} => {
let gate_str = match gate_type {
SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard => format!("h q[{}];", target),
SingleQubitGateType::PauliX => format!("x q[{}];", target),
SingleQubitGateType::PauliY => format!("y q[{}];", target),
SingleQubitGateType::PauliZ => format!("z q[{}];", target),
SingleQubitGateType::T => format!("t q[{}];", target),
SingleQubitGateType::TDagger => format!("tdg q[{}];", target),
SingleQubitGateType::S => format!("s q[{}];", target),
SingleQubitGateType::SDagger => format!("sdg q[{}];", target),
SingleQubitGateType::Rx if parameters.len() == 1 => {
format!("rx({}) q[{}];", parameters[0], target)
}
SingleQubitGateType::Ry if parameters.len() == 1 => {
format!("ry({}) q[{}];", parameters[0], target)
}
SingleQubitGateType::Rz if parameters.len() == 1 => {
format!("rz({}) q[{}];", parameters[0], target)
}
SingleQubitGateType::U3 if parameters.len() == 3 => {
format!(
"u3({},{},{}) q[{}];",
parameters[0], parameters[1], parameters[2], target
)
}
_ => format!("// Unknown gate on q[{}]", target),
};
code.push_str(&gate_str);
code.push('\n');
}
IRInstruction::TwoQubitGate {
gate_type,
control,
target,
..
} => {
let gate_str = match gate_type {
TwoQubitGateType::CNOT => format!("cx q[{}],q[{}];", control, target),
TwoQubitGateType::CZ => format!("cz q[{}],q[{}];", control, target),
TwoQubitGateType::SWAP => format!("swap q[{}],q[{}];", control, target),
_ => "// Unknown two-qubit gate".to_string(),
};
code.push_str(&gate_str);
code.push('\n');
}
IRInstruction::Measure {
qubit,
classical_bit,
} => {
code.push_str(&format!("measure q[{}] -> c[{}];\n", qubit, classical_bit));
}
IRInstruction::Barrier { qubits } => {
if qubits.is_empty() {
code.push_str("barrier q;\n");
} else {
let qubit_list = qubits
.iter()
.map(|q| format!("q[{}]", q))
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
.join(",");
code.push_str(&format!("barrier {};\n", qubit_list));
}
}
IRInstruction::Custom {
name,
qubits,
parameters,
} => {
let qubit_list = qubits
.iter()
.map(|q| format!("q[{}]", q))
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
.join(",");
if parameters.is_empty() {
code.push_str(&format!("{} {};\n", name, qubit_list));
} else {
let param_list = parameters
.iter()
.map(|p| p.to_string())
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
.join(",");
code.push_str(&format!("{}({}) {};\n", name, param_list, qubit_list));
}
}
}
}
Ok(code)
}
fn generate_braket_code(&self, ir: &QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<String> {
self.generate_qasm_code(ir)
}
fn generate_azure_code(&self, ir: &QuantumIR) -> DeviceResult<String> {
self.generate_qasm_code(ir)
}
pub fn create_ir_from_gates(&self, num_qubits: usize, gates: Vec<IRInstruction>) -> QuantumIR {
QuantumIR {
num_qubits,
instructions: gates,
metadata: IRMetadata::default(),
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_compiler_creation() {
let config = CrossCompilerConfig::default();
let compiler = CrossCompiler::new(config);
assert_eq!(compiler.config.target, TargetBackend::GenericQASM);
}
#[test]
fn test_ir_creation() {
let compiler = CrossCompiler::default();
let gates = vec![
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![],
},
IRInstruction::TwoQubitGate {
gate_type: TwoQubitGateType::CNOT,
control: 0,
target: 1,
parameters: vec![],
},
];
let ir = compiler.create_ir_from_gates(2, gates);
assert_eq!(ir.num_qubits, 2);
assert_eq!(ir.instructions.len(), 2);
}
#[test]
fn test_circuit_depth_calculation() {
let compiler = CrossCompiler::default();
let gates = vec![
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![],
},
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target: 1,
parameters: vec![],
},
IRInstruction::TwoQubitGate {
gate_type: TwoQubitGateType::CNOT,
control: 0,
target: 1,
parameters: vec![],
},
];
let ir = compiler.create_ir_from_gates(2, gates);
let depth = compiler.compute_circuit_depth(&ir);
assert_eq!(depth, 2); }
#[test]
fn test_qasm_code_generation() {
let config = CrossCompilerConfig {
target: TargetBackend::GenericQASM,
optimization_level: OptimizationLevel::O0,
..Default::default()
};
let compiler = CrossCompiler::new(config);
let gates = vec![
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![],
},
IRInstruction::TwoQubitGate {
gate_type: TwoQubitGateType::CNOT,
control: 0,
target: 1,
parameters: vec![],
},
IRInstruction::Measure {
qubit: 0,
classical_bit: 0,
},
];
let ir = compiler.create_ir_from_gates(2, gates);
let result = compiler.compile(ir);
assert!(result.is_ok());
let result = result.expect("Compilation failed");
assert!(result.code.contains("OPENQASM 2.0"));
assert!(result.code.contains("h q[0]"));
assert!(result.code.contains("cx q[0],q[1]"));
assert!(result.code.contains("measure q[0] -> c[0]"));
}
#[test]
fn test_gate_fusion_optimization() {
let config = CrossCompilerConfig {
optimization_level: OptimizationLevel::O2,
enable_gate_fusion: true,
..Default::default()
};
let compiler = CrossCompiler::new(config);
let gates = vec![
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Rz,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![0.5],
},
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Rz,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![0.3],
},
];
let ir = compiler.create_ir_from_gates(1, gates);
let result = compiler.compile(ir);
assert!(result.is_ok());
let result = result.expect("Compilation failed");
assert_eq!(result.statistics.optimized_instruction_count, 1);
}
#[test]
fn test_identity_gate_removal() {
let config = CrossCompilerConfig {
optimization_level: OptimizationLevel::O2,
..Default::default()
};
let compiler = CrossCompiler::new(config);
let gates = vec![
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![],
},
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Rz,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![0.0], },
IRInstruction::Measure {
qubit: 0,
classical_bit: 0,
},
];
let ir = compiler.create_ir_from_gates(1, gates);
let result = compiler.compile(ir);
assert!(result.is_ok());
let result = result.expect("Compilation failed");
assert_eq!(result.statistics.optimized_instruction_count, 2);
}
#[test]
fn test_compilation_statistics() {
let config = CrossCompilerConfig {
optimization_level: OptimizationLevel::O2,
..Default::default()
};
let compiler = CrossCompiler::new(config);
let gates = vec![
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![],
},
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Rz,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![0.0],
},
];
let ir = compiler.create_ir_from_gates(1, gates);
let result = compiler.compile(ir);
assert!(result.is_ok());
let result = result.expect("Compilation failed");
assert_eq!(result.statistics.original_instruction_count, 2);
assert!(result.statistics.num_optimization_passes > 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_different_backends() {
let backends = vec![
TargetBackend::IBMQuantum,
TargetBackend::AWSBraket,
TargetBackend::AzureQuantum,
];
for backend in backends {
let config = CrossCompilerConfig {
target: backend,
optimization_level: OptimizationLevel::O0,
..Default::default()
};
let compiler = CrossCompiler::new(config);
let gates = vec![IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![],
}];
let ir = compiler.create_ir_from_gates(1, gates);
let result = compiler.compile(ir);
assert!(result.is_ok());
}
}
#[test]
fn test_barrier_instruction() {
let compiler = CrossCompiler::default();
let gates = vec![
IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![],
},
IRInstruction::Barrier { qubits: vec![0, 1] },
IRInstruction::TwoQubitGate {
gate_type: TwoQubitGateType::CNOT,
control: 0,
target: 1,
parameters: vec![],
},
];
let ir = compiler.create_ir_from_gates(2, gates);
let result = compiler.compile(ir);
assert!(result.is_ok());
let result = result.expect("Compilation failed");
assert!(result.code.contains("barrier"));
}
#[test]
fn test_optimization_levels() {
let levels = vec![
OptimizationLevel::O0,
OptimizationLevel::O1,
OptimizationLevel::O2,
OptimizationLevel::O3,
];
for level in levels {
let config = CrossCompilerConfig {
optimization_level: level,
..Default::default()
};
let compiler = CrossCompiler::new(config);
let gates = vec![IRInstruction::SingleQubitGate {
gate_type: SingleQubitGateType::Hadamard,
target: 0,
parameters: vec![],
}];
let ir = compiler.create_ir_from_gates(1, gates);
let result = compiler.compile(ir);
assert!(result.is_ok());
}
}
}