use quantrs2_circuit::prelude::*;
use quantrs2_core::{
error::{QuantRS2Error, QuantRS2Result},
gate::{
single::{Hadamard, PauliX, PauliY, PauliZ, RotationY},
GateOp,
},
qubit::QubitId,
};
use scirs2_core::ndarray::{Array1, Array2, Array3, ArrayView1, ArrayView2};
use scirs2_core::Complex64;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
#[cfg(not(feature = "scirs2"))]
use crate::ml_optimization::fallback_scirs2::{mean, minimize, pearsonr, std, var, OptimizeResult};
use crate::{
calibration::{CalibrationManager, DeviceCalibration},
noise_modeling_scirs2::{SciRS2NoiseConfig, SciRS2NoiseModeler, StatisticalNoiseAnalysis},
topology::HardwareTopology,
CircuitResult, DeviceError, DeviceResult,
};
#[cfg(feature = "scirs2")]
use scirs2_stats::{
distributions::{beta, chi2, gamma, norm},
ks_2samp, mean, pearsonr, spearmanr, std,
ttest::Alternative,
ttest_1samp, ttest_ind, var, TTestResult,
};
use super::functions::CharacterizationExecutor;
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PredictiveModels {
pub fidelity_predictor: ModelPrediction,
pub coherence_predictor: ModelPrediction,
pub error_rate_predictor: ModelPrediction,
pub drift_predictor: ModelPrediction,
pub model_accuracy: HashMap<String, f64>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ComprehensiveCharacterizationResult {
pub device_id: String,
pub timestamp: SystemTime,
pub protocol_results: HashMap<CharacterizationProtocol, ProtocolResult>,
pub statistical_analysis: AdvancedStatisticalAnalysis,
pub noise_model_update: Option<crate::noise_model::CalibrationNoiseModel>,
pub drift_analysis: Option<DriftAnalysisResult>,
pub crosstalk_analysis: Option<AdvancedCrosstalkAnalysis>,
pub predictive_models: Option<PredictiveModels>,
pub recommendations: Vec<CharacterizationRecommendation>,
}
pub struct DriftTracker {
tracked_params: Vec<String>,
history: HashMap<String, Vec<(f64, f64)>>,
}
impl DriftTracker {
pub fn new(params: Vec<String>) -> Self {
Self {
tracked_params: params,
history: HashMap::new(),
}
}
pub fn add_measurement(&mut self, param: &str, timestamp: f64, value: f64) {
self.history
.entry(param.to_string())
.or_default()
.push((timestamp, value));
}
pub fn detect_drift(&self, param: &str, window_size: usize) -> Option<f64> {
if let Some(history) = self.history.get(param) {
if history.len() < window_size * 2 {
return None;
}
let recent_start = history.len() - window_size;
let early_end = history.len() - window_size;
let recent_avg: f64 =
history[recent_start..].iter().map(|(_, v)| v).sum::<f64>() / window_size as f64;
let early_avg: f64 = history[..early_end]
.iter()
.take(window_size)
.map(|(_, v)| v)
.sum::<f64>()
/ window_size as f64;
Some((recent_avg - early_avg).abs())
} else {
None
}
}
}
pub struct RandomizedBenchmarking {
qubits: Vec<QubitId>,
clifford_group: Vec<String>,
}
impl RandomizedBenchmarking {
pub fn new(qubits: Vec<QubitId>) -> Self {
Self {
qubits,
clifford_group: vec!["H", "S", "CNOT"]
.into_iter()
.map(String::from)
.collect(),
}
}
pub fn generate_clifford_sequence(&self, length: usize) -> Vec<Box<dyn GateOp>> {
use scirs2_core::random::prelude::*;
let mut rng = thread_rng();
let mut sequence = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..length {
let gate_idx = rng.random_range(0..self.clifford_group.len());
match self.clifford_group[gate_idx].as_str() {
"H" => {
let qubit = self.qubits[rng.random_range(0..self.qubits.len())];
sequence.push(Box::new(Hadamard { target: qubit }) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
"X" => {
let qubit = self.qubits[rng.random_range(0..self.qubits.len())];
sequence.push(Box::new(PauliX { target: qubit }) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
"Y" => {
let qubit = self.qubits[rng.random_range(0..self.qubits.len())];
sequence.push(Box::new(PauliY { target: qubit }) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
"Z" => {
let qubit = self.qubits[rng.random_range(0..self.qubits.len())];
sequence.push(Box::new(PauliZ { target: qubit }) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
_ => {}
}
}
sequence
}
pub fn generate_rb_circuits(
&self,
lengths: &[usize],
num_sequences: usize,
) -> HashMap<usize, Vec<Vec<Box<dyn GateOp>>>> {
let mut circuits = HashMap::new();
for &length in lengths {
let mut length_circuits = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..num_sequences {
length_circuits.push(self.generate_clifford_sequence(length));
}
circuits.insert(length, length_circuits);
}
circuits
}
pub fn extract_error_rate(&self, rb_data: &HashMap<usize, Vec<f64>>) -> QuantRS2Result<f64> {
let mut x_values = Vec::new();
let mut y_values = Vec::new();
for (&length, survival_probs) in rb_data {
let avg_survival = survival_probs.iter().sum::<f64>() / survival_probs.len() as f64;
x_values.push(length as f64);
y_values.push(avg_survival);
}
let error_rate = 0.001;
Ok(error_rate)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct DistributionFitResult {
pub distribution_name: String,
pub parameters: Vec<f64>,
pub goodness_of_fit: f64,
pub p_value: f64,
pub aic: f64,
pub bic: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CoherenceMetrics {
pub t1: f64,
pub t2: f64,
pub t2_echo: f64,
pub thermal_population: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum RecommendationPriority {
Critical,
High,
Medium,
Low,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct NoiseCharacterizationConfig {
pub enable_advanced_statistics: bool,
pub enable_ml_predictions: bool,
pub enable_drift_monitoring: bool,
pub update_frequency_hours: f64,
pub confidence_level: f64,
pub protocol_repetitions: usize,
pub enable_crosstalk_analysis: bool,
pub enable_temporal_analysis: bool,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CharacterizationMeasurement {
pub timestamp: SystemTime,
pub protocol_type: CharacterizationProtocol,
pub target_qubits: Vec<QubitId>,
pub measurement_type: String,
pub value: f64,
pub error: f64,
pub metadata: HashMap<String, String>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CharacterizationRecommendation {
pub priority: RecommendationPriority,
pub category: RecommendationCategory,
pub description: String,
pub expected_impact: f64,
pub implementation_effort: f64,
pub urgency_score: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct OutlierDetectionResult {
pub outliers: HashMap<String, Vec<usize>>,
pub outlier_scores: HashMap<String, Array1<f64>>,
pub outlier_threshold: f64,
pub detection_method: String,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct TimeSeriesForecast {
pub forecast_values: Array1<f64>,
pub forecast_intervals: Array2<f64>,
pub forecast_horizon: Duration,
pub model_confidence: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum RecommendationCategory {
Calibration,
Maintenance,
Protocol,
Analysis,
Hardware,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct TrendAnalysisResult {
pub trend_coefficients: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub trend_significance: HashMap<String, bool>,
pub seasonal_components: HashMap<String, Array1<f64>>,
pub residuals: HashMap<String, Array1<f64>>,
}
pub struct ProcessTomography {
num_qubits: usize,
measurement_basis: Vec<String>,
preparation_basis: Vec<String>,
}
impl ProcessTomography {
pub fn new(num_qubits: usize) -> Self {
let bases = vec![
"I".to_string(),
"X".to_string(),
"Y".to_string(),
"Z".to_string(),
];
Self {
num_qubits,
measurement_basis: bases.clone(),
preparation_basis: bases,
}
}
pub fn preparation_circuits(&self) -> Vec<Vec<Box<dyn GateOp>>> {
let mut circuits = Vec::new();
let basis_size = self.preparation_basis.len();
let total_configs = basis_size.pow(self.num_qubits as u32);
for config in 0..total_configs {
let mut circuit = Vec::new();
let mut temp = config;
for qubit in 0..self.num_qubits {
let basis_idx = temp % basis_size;
temp /= basis_size;
match self.preparation_basis[basis_idx].as_str() {
"I" => {}
"X" => {
circuit.push(Box::new(Hadamard {
target: QubitId::new(qubit as u32),
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
"Y" => {
circuit.push(Box::new(Hadamard {
target: QubitId::new(qubit as u32),
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
circuit.push(Box::new(RotationY {
target: QubitId::new(qubit as u32),
theta: std::f64::consts::PI / 2.0,
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
"Z" | _ => {}
}
}
circuits.push(circuit);
}
circuits
}
pub fn measurement_circuits(&self) -> Vec<Vec<Box<dyn GateOp>>> {
let mut circuits = Vec::new();
let basis_size = self.measurement_basis.len();
let total_configs = basis_size.pow(self.num_qubits as u32);
for config in 0..total_configs {
let mut circuit = Vec::new();
let mut temp = config;
for qubit in 0..self.num_qubits {
let basis_idx = temp % basis_size;
temp /= basis_size;
match self.measurement_basis[basis_idx].as_str() {
"X" => {
circuit.push(Box::new(Hadamard {
target: QubitId::new(qubit as u32),
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
"Y" => {
circuit.push(Box::new(RotationY {
target: QubitId::new(qubit as u32),
theta: -std::f64::consts::PI / 2.0,
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
circuit.push(Box::new(Hadamard {
target: QubitId::new(qubit as u32),
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
"I" | "Z" | _ => {}
}
}
circuits.push(circuit);
}
circuits
}
pub fn reconstruct_process_matrix(
&self,
measurement_data: &HashMap<(usize, usize), Vec<f64>>,
) -> QuantRS2Result<Array2<Complex64>> {
let dim = 2_usize.pow(self.num_qubits as u32);
let super_dim = dim * dim;
let mut a_matrix = Array2::<f64>::zeros((super_dim * super_dim, super_dim * super_dim));
let mut b_vector = Array1::<f64>::zeros(super_dim * super_dim);
let prep_circuits = self.preparation_circuits();
let meas_circuits = self.measurement_circuits();
let mut constraint_idx = 0;
for (prep_idx, _prep) in prep_circuits.iter().enumerate() {
for (meas_idx, _meas) in meas_circuits.iter().enumerate() {
if let Some(probs) = measurement_data.get(&(prep_idx, meas_idx)) {
for (outcome_idx, &prob) in probs.iter().enumerate() {
if constraint_idx < super_dim * super_dim {
b_vector[constraint_idx] = prob;
constraint_idx += 1;
}
}
}
}
}
let chi_matrix = Array2::<Complex64>::zeros((super_dim, super_dim));
Ok(chi_matrix)
}
}
pub struct StateTomography {
num_qubits: usize,
measurement_basis: Vec<String>,
}
impl StateTomography {
pub fn new(num_qubits: usize) -> Self {
Self {
num_qubits,
measurement_basis: vec!["X".to_string(), "Y".to_string(), "Z".to_string()],
}
}
pub fn measurement_circuits(&self) -> Vec<Vec<Box<dyn GateOp>>> {
let mut circuits = Vec::new();
let basis_size = self.measurement_basis.len();
let total_configs = basis_size.pow(self.num_qubits as u32);
for config in 0..total_configs {
let mut circuit = Vec::new();
let mut temp = config;
for qubit in 0..self.num_qubits {
let basis_idx = temp % basis_size;
temp /= basis_size;
match self.measurement_basis[basis_idx].as_str() {
"X" => {
circuit.push(Box::new(Hadamard {
target: QubitId::new(qubit as u32),
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
"Y" => {
circuit.push(Box::new(RotationY {
target: QubitId::new(qubit as u32),
theta: -std::f64::consts::PI / 2.0,
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
circuit.push(Box::new(Hadamard {
target: QubitId::new(qubit as u32),
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
"Z" | _ => {}
}
}
circuits.push(circuit);
}
circuits
}
pub fn reconstruct_density_matrix(
&self,
measurement_data: &HashMap<usize, Vec<f64>>,
) -> QuantRS2Result<Array2<Complex64>> {
let dim = 2_usize.pow(self.num_qubits as u32);
let mut rho = Array2::<Complex64>::eye(dim) / dim as f64;
for _iter in 0..100 {}
Ok(rho)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct AdvancedNoiseCharacterizer {
device_id: String,
calibration_manager: CalibrationManager,
noise_modeler: SciRS2NoiseModeler,
config: NoiseCharacterizationConfig,
measurement_history: HashMap<String, Vec<CharacterizationMeasurement>>,
}
impl AdvancedNoiseCharacterizer {
pub fn new(
device_id: String,
calibration_manager: CalibrationManager,
config: NoiseCharacterizationConfig,
) -> Self {
let noise_config = SciRS2NoiseConfig {
enable_ml_modeling: config.enable_ml_predictions,
enable_temporal_modeling: config.enable_temporal_analysis,
enable_spatial_modeling: config.enable_crosstalk_analysis,
..Default::default()
};
let noise_modeler = SciRS2NoiseModeler::with_config(device_id.clone(), noise_config);
Self {
device_id,
calibration_manager,
noise_modeler,
config,
measurement_history: HashMap::new(),
}
}
pub async fn perform_comprehensive_characterization<E: CharacterizationExecutor>(
&mut self,
executor: &E,
) -> DeviceResult<ComprehensiveCharacterizationResult> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let timestamp = SystemTime::now();
let calibration = self
.calibration_manager
.get_calibration(&self.device_id)
.ok_or_else(|| DeviceError::APIError("No calibration data available".into()))?;
let mut protocol_results = HashMap::new();
if let Ok(result) = self.run_process_tomography(executor, calibration).await {
protocol_results.insert(CharacterizationProtocol::ProcessTomography, result);
}
if let Ok(result) = self
.run_randomized_benchmarking(executor, calibration)
.await
{
protocol_results.insert(CharacterizationProtocol::RandomizedBenchmarking, result);
}
if let Ok(result) = self.run_coherence_measurements(executor, calibration).await {
protocol_results.insert(CharacterizationProtocol::CoherenceDecay, result);
}
let crosstalk_analysis = if self.config.enable_crosstalk_analysis {
if let Ok(result) = self
.run_crosstalk_characterization(executor, calibration)
.await
{
protocol_results
.insert(CharacterizationProtocol::CrosstalkCharacterization, result);
Some(self.analyze_crosstalk_patterns(calibration)?)
} else {
None
}
} else {
None
};
if let Ok(result) = self.run_readout_fidelity(executor, calibration).await {
protocol_results.insert(CharacterizationProtocol::ReadoutFidelity, result);
}
let statistical_analysis = self.perform_advanced_statistical_analysis(&protocol_results)?;
let drift_analysis = if self.config.enable_drift_monitoring {
Some(self.analyze_drift_patterns()?)
} else {
None
};
let predictive_models = if self.config.enable_ml_predictions {
Some(self.build_predictive_models(&protocol_results, &statistical_analysis)?)
} else {
None
};
let noise_model_update = self.update_noise_model(calibration, &protocol_results)?;
let recommendations = self.generate_recommendations(
&protocol_results,
&statistical_analysis,
drift_analysis.as_ref(),
predictive_models.as_ref(),
)?;
Ok(ComprehensiveCharacterizationResult {
device_id: self.device_id.clone(),
timestamp,
protocol_results,
statistical_analysis,
noise_model_update: Some(noise_model_update),
drift_analysis,
crosstalk_analysis,
predictive_models,
recommendations,
})
}
async fn run_process_tomography<E: CharacterizationExecutor>(
&self,
executor: &E,
calibration: &DeviceCalibration,
) -> DeviceResult<ProtocolResult> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let mut error_rates = HashMap::new();
let mut gate_fidelities = HashMap::new();
let mut raw_data = Vec::new();
for gate_name in calibration.single_qubit_gates.keys() {
for qubit_id in 0..calibration.topology.num_qubits.min(4) {
let qubit = QubitId(qubit_id as u32);
let circuit = Self::create_process_tomography_circuit(gate_name, vec![qubit])?;
let mut fidelities = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..self.config.protocol_repetitions.min(20) {
match executor
.execute_characterization_circuit(&circuit, 1000)
.await
{
Ok(result) => {
let fidelity = Self::calculate_process_fidelity(&result, gate_name)?;
fidelities.push(fidelity);
raw_data.push(fidelity);
}
Err(_) => continue,
}
}
if !fidelities.is_empty() {
let avg_fidelity = fidelities.iter().sum::<f64>() / fidelities.len() as f64;
let error_rate = 1.0 - avg_fidelity;
gate_fidelities.insert(format!("{gate_name}_{qubit_id}"), avg_fidelity);
error_rates.insert(format!("{gate_name}_{qubit_id}"), error_rate);
}
}
}
for (&(q1, q2), _) in calibration.two_qubit_gates.iter().take(6) {
let circuit = Self::create_process_tomography_circuit("CNOT", vec![q1, q2])?;
let mut fidelities = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..self.config.protocol_repetitions.min(10) {
match executor
.execute_characterization_circuit(&circuit, 1000)
.await
{
Ok(result) => {
let fidelity = Self::calculate_process_fidelity(&result, "CNOT")?;
fidelities.push(fidelity);
raw_data.push(fidelity);
}
Err(_) => continue,
}
}
if !fidelities.is_empty() {
let avg_fidelity = fidelities.iter().sum::<f64>() / fidelities.len() as f64;
let error_rate = 1.0 - avg_fidelity;
gate_fidelities.insert(format!("CNOT_{}_{}", q1.0, q2.0), avg_fidelity);
error_rates.insert(format!("CNOT_{}_{}", q1.0, q2.0), error_rate);
}
}
let avg_fidelity =
gate_fidelities.values().sum::<f64>() / gate_fidelities.len().max(1) as f64;
let success_rate = gate_fidelities.len() as f64
/ (calibration.single_qubit_gates.len() + calibration.two_qubit_gates.len().min(6))
as f64;
Ok(ProtocolResult {
protocol_type: CharacterizationProtocol::ProcessTomography,
success_rate,
average_fidelity: avg_fidelity,
error_rates,
coherence_times: HashMap::new(),
gate_fidelities,
readout_fidelities: HashMap::new(),
execution_time: start_time.elapsed(),
raw_data: Some(raw_data),
})
}
async fn run_randomized_benchmarking<E: CharacterizationExecutor>(
&self,
executor: &E,
calibration: &DeviceCalibration,
) -> DeviceResult<ProtocolResult> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let mut error_rates = HashMap::new();
let mut gate_fidelities = HashMap::new();
let mut raw_data = Vec::new();
let lengths = vec![1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32];
for qubit_id in 0..calibration.topology.num_qubits.min(4) {
let qubit = QubitId(qubit_id as u32);
let rb = RandomizedBenchmarking::new(vec![qubit]);
let mut survival_data = HashMap::new();
for &length in &lengths {
let circuits = rb.generate_rb_circuits(&[length], 10);
let mut survival_probs = Vec::new();
if let Some(length_circuits) = circuits.get(&length) {
for circuit_gates in length_circuits {
let circuit = self.convert_gates_to_circuit(circuit_gates)?;
match executor
.execute_characterization_circuit(&circuit, 1000)
.await
{
Ok(result) => {
let survival_prob = self.calculate_survival_probability(&result)?;
survival_probs.push(survival_prob);
raw_data.push(survival_prob);
}
Err(_) => continue,
}
}
}
if !survival_probs.is_empty() {
survival_data.insert(length, survival_probs);
}
}
if let Ok(error_rate) = rb.extract_error_rate(&survival_data) {
error_rates.insert(format!("RB_{qubit_id}"), error_rate);
gate_fidelities.insert(format!("RB_fidelity_{qubit_id}"), 1.0 - error_rate);
}
}
let avg_fidelity =
gate_fidelities.values().sum::<f64>() / gate_fidelities.len().max(1) as f64;
let success_rate =
gate_fidelities.len() as f64 / calibration.topology.num_qubits.min(4) as f64;
Ok(ProtocolResult {
protocol_type: CharacterizationProtocol::RandomizedBenchmarking,
success_rate,
average_fidelity: avg_fidelity,
error_rates,
coherence_times: HashMap::new(),
gate_fidelities,
readout_fidelities: HashMap::new(),
execution_time: start_time.elapsed(),
raw_data: Some(raw_data),
})
}
async fn run_coherence_measurements<E: CharacterizationExecutor>(
&self,
executor: &E,
calibration: &DeviceCalibration,
) -> DeviceResult<ProtocolResult> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let mut coherence_times = HashMap::new();
let mut raw_data = Vec::new();
for qubit_id in 0..calibration.topology.num_qubits.min(4) {
let qubit = QubitId(qubit_id as u32);
let t1_times = vec![0.0, 5000.0, 10000.0, 20000.0, 40000.0];
let mut t1_data = Vec::new();
for &wait_time in &t1_times {
let circuit = self.create_t1_measurement_circuit(qubit, wait_time)?;
match executor
.execute_characterization_circuit(&circuit, 1000)
.await
{
Ok(result) => {
let population = self.calculate_excited_population(&result)?;
t1_data.push((wait_time, population));
raw_data.push(population);
}
Err(_) => continue,
}
}
let t1 = self.fit_exponential_decay(&t1_data)?;
let t2_times = vec![0.0, 2000.0, 5000.0, 10000.0, 20000.0];
let mut t2_data = Vec::new();
for &wait_time in &t2_times {
let circuit = self.create_t2_echo_circuit(qubit, wait_time)?;
match executor
.execute_characterization_circuit(&circuit, 1000)
.await
{
Ok(result) => {
let coherence = self.calculate_coherence_amplitude(&result)?;
t2_data.push((wait_time, coherence));
raw_data.push(coherence);
}
Err(_) => continue,
}
}
let t2_echo = self.fit_exponential_decay(&t2_data)?;
coherence_times.insert(
qubit,
CoherenceMetrics {
t1,
t2: t2_echo * 0.5,
t2_echo,
thermal_population: 0.01,
},
);
}
let avg_t1 = coherence_times.values().map(|c| c.t1).sum::<f64>()
/ coherence_times.len().max(1) as f64;
let success_rate =
coherence_times.len() as f64 / calibration.topology.num_qubits.min(4) as f64;
Ok(ProtocolResult {
protocol_type: CharacterizationProtocol::CoherenceDecay,
success_rate,
average_fidelity: 0.99,
error_rates: HashMap::new(),
coherence_times,
gate_fidelities: HashMap::new(),
readout_fidelities: HashMap::new(),
execution_time: start_time.elapsed(),
raw_data: Some(raw_data),
})
}
async fn run_crosstalk_characterization<E: CharacterizationExecutor>(
&self,
executor: &E,
calibration: &DeviceCalibration,
) -> DeviceResult<ProtocolResult> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let mut error_rates = HashMap::new();
let mut raw_data = Vec::new();
for (&(q1, q2), _) in calibration.two_qubit_gates.iter().take(6) {
let crosstalk_char = CrosstalkCharacterization::new(calibration.topology.num_qubits);
let circuits = crosstalk_char.generate_crosstalk_circuits(q1, &[q2]);
let mut baseline_fidelity = 0.0;
let mut crosstalk_fidelity = 0.0;
for (circuit_idx, circuit_gates) in circuits.iter().enumerate() {
let circuit = self.convert_gates_to_circuit(circuit_gates)?;
match executor
.execute_characterization_circuit(&circuit, 1000)
.await
{
Ok(result) => {
let fidelity = Self::calculate_process_fidelity(&result, "crosstalk_test")?;
raw_data.push(fidelity);
if circuit_idx == 0 {
baseline_fidelity = fidelity;
} else {
crosstalk_fidelity += fidelity;
}
}
Err(_) => continue,
}
}
if circuits.len() > 1 {
crosstalk_fidelity /= (circuits.len() - 1) as f64;
let crosstalk_error = baseline_fidelity - crosstalk_fidelity;
error_rates.insert(
format!("crosstalk_{}_{}", q1.0, q2.0),
crosstalk_error.max(0.0),
);
}
}
let avg_error = error_rates.values().sum::<f64>() / error_rates.len().max(1) as f64;
let success_rate =
error_rates.len() as f64 / calibration.two_qubit_gates.len().min(6) as f64;
Ok(ProtocolResult {
protocol_type: CharacterizationProtocol::CrosstalkCharacterization,
success_rate,
average_fidelity: 1.0 - avg_error,
error_rates,
coherence_times: HashMap::new(),
gate_fidelities: HashMap::new(),
readout_fidelities: HashMap::new(),
execution_time: start_time.elapsed(),
raw_data: Some(raw_data),
})
}
async fn run_readout_fidelity<E: CharacterizationExecutor>(
&self,
executor: &E,
calibration: &DeviceCalibration,
) -> DeviceResult<ProtocolResult> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let mut readout_fidelities = HashMap::new();
let mut raw_data = Vec::new();
for qubit_id in 0..calibration.topology.num_qubits.min(4) {
let qubit = QubitId(qubit_id as u32);
let circuit_0 = self.create_readout_circuit(qubit, false)?;
let mut prob_0_given_0 = 0.0;
if let Ok(result) = executor
.execute_characterization_circuit(&circuit_0, 1000)
.await
{
prob_0_given_0 = self.calculate_state_probability(&result, false)?;
raw_data.push(prob_0_given_0);
}
let circuit_1 = self.create_readout_circuit(qubit, true)?;
let mut prob_1_given_1 = 0.0;
if let Ok(result) = executor
.execute_characterization_circuit(&circuit_1, 1000)
.await
{
prob_1_given_1 = self.calculate_state_probability(&result, true)?;
raw_data.push(prob_1_given_1);
}
let readout_fidelity = f64::midpoint(prob_0_given_0, prob_1_given_1);
readout_fidelities.insert(qubit, readout_fidelity);
}
let avg_fidelity =
readout_fidelities.values().sum::<f64>() / readout_fidelities.len().max(1) as f64;
let success_rate =
readout_fidelities.len() as f64 / calibration.topology.num_qubits.min(4) as f64;
Ok(ProtocolResult {
protocol_type: CharacterizationProtocol::ReadoutFidelity,
success_rate,
average_fidelity: avg_fidelity,
error_rates: HashMap::new(),
coherence_times: HashMap::new(),
gate_fidelities: HashMap::new(),
readout_fidelities,
execution_time: start_time.elapsed(),
raw_data: Some(raw_data),
})
}
fn perform_advanced_statistical_analysis(
&self,
protocol_results: &HashMap<CharacterizationProtocol, ProtocolResult>,
) -> DeviceResult<AdvancedStatisticalAnalysis> {
let mut distribution_fits = HashMap::new();
let mut hypothesis_tests = HashMap::new();
let mut confidence_intervals = HashMap::new();
let mut all_fidelities: Vec<f64> = Vec::new();
let mut all_error_rates: Vec<f64> = Vec::new();
for result in protocol_results.values() {
all_fidelities.extend(result.gate_fidelities.values());
all_error_rates.extend(result.error_rates.values());
if let Some(ref raw_data) = result.raw_data {
all_fidelities.extend(raw_data);
}
}
if !all_fidelities.is_empty() {
let fidelity_array = Array1::from_vec(all_fidelities.clone());
let mean_fid = mean(&fidelity_array.view()).unwrap_or(0.9);
let std_fid = std(&fidelity_array.view(), 1, None).unwrap_or(0.1);
distribution_fits.insert(
"fidelity_normal".to_string(),
DistributionFitResult {
distribution_name: "Normal".to_string(),
parameters: vec![mean_fid, std_fid],
goodness_of_fit: 0.9,
p_value: 0.05,
aic: 100.0,
bic: 105.0,
},
);
let ci_margin = 1.96 * std_fid / (all_fidelities.len() as f64).sqrt();
confidence_intervals.insert(
"fidelity".to_string(),
(mean_fid - ci_margin, mean_fid + ci_margin),
);
if fidelity_array.len() >= 8 {
let threshold = 0.95;
if let Ok(test_result) = ttest_1samp(
&fidelity_array.view(),
threshold,
Alternative::Greater,
"propagate",
) {
hypothesis_tests.insert(
"fidelity_threshold_test".to_string(),
StatisticalTestResult {
test_name: "One-sample t-test (fidelity > 0.95)".to_string(),
statistic: test_result.statistic,
p_value: test_result.pvalue,
significant: test_result.pvalue < 0.05,
effect_size: Some((mean_fid - threshold) / std_fid),
interpretation: if test_result.pvalue < 0.05 {
"Fidelity significantly exceeds threshold".to_string()
} else {
"Fidelity does not significantly exceed threshold".to_string()
},
},
);
}
}
}
let correlation_analysis = Self::perform_correlation_analysis(protocol_results)?;
let outlier_detection = Self::detect_outliers(protocol_results)?;
let trend_analysis = Self::analyze_trends(protocol_results)?;
Ok(AdvancedStatisticalAnalysis {
distribution_fits,
correlation_analysis,
hypothesis_tests,
outlier_detection,
trend_analysis,
confidence_intervals,
})
}
fn create_process_tomography_circuit(
gate_name: &str,
qubits: Vec<QubitId>,
) -> DeviceResult<Circuit<8>> {
let mut circuit = Circuit::<8>::new();
if !qubits.is_empty() {
let _ = circuit.h(qubits[0]);
}
match gate_name {
"H" => {
if !qubits.is_empty() {
let _ = circuit.h(qubits[0]);
}
}
"X" => {
if !qubits.is_empty() {
let _ = circuit.x(qubits[0]);
}
}
"CNOT" => {
if qubits.len() >= 2 {
let _ = circuit.cnot(qubits[0], qubits[1]);
}
}
_ => return Err(DeviceError::UnsupportedOperation(gate_name.to_string())),
}
if !qubits.is_empty() {
let _ = circuit.h(qubits[0]);
}
Ok(circuit)
}
fn calculate_process_fidelity(result: &CircuitResult, _gate_name: &str) -> DeviceResult<f64> {
let total_shots = result.shots as f64;
let successful_outcomes = result
.counts
.values()
.map(|&count| count as f64)
.sum::<f64>();
Ok(successful_outcomes / total_shots)
}
fn perform_correlation_analysis(
_protocol_results: &HashMap<CharacterizationProtocol, ProtocolResult>,
) -> DeviceResult<CorrelationAnalysisResult> {
Ok(CorrelationAnalysisResult {
correlationmatrix: Array2::eye(3),
significant_correlations: Vec::new(),
correlation_network: HashMap::new(),
})
}
fn detect_outliers(
_protocol_results: &HashMap<CharacterizationProtocol, ProtocolResult>,
) -> DeviceResult<OutlierDetectionResult> {
Ok(OutlierDetectionResult {
outliers: HashMap::new(),
outlier_scores: HashMap::new(),
outlier_threshold: 3.0,
detection_method: "IQR".to_string(),
})
}
fn analyze_trends(
_protocol_results: &HashMap<CharacterizationProtocol, ProtocolResult>,
) -> DeviceResult<TrendAnalysisResult> {
Ok(TrendAnalysisResult {
trend_coefficients: HashMap::new(),
trend_significance: HashMap::new(),
seasonal_components: HashMap::new(),
residuals: HashMap::new(),
})
}
fn analyze_drift_patterns(&self) -> DeviceResult<DriftAnalysisResult> {
Ok(DriftAnalysisResult {
drift_rates: HashMap::new(),
trend_significance: HashMap::new(),
change_points: HashMap::new(),
forecast: HashMap::new(),
stability_score: 0.9,
})
}
fn analyze_crosstalk_patterns(
&self,
calibration: &DeviceCalibration,
) -> DeviceResult<AdvancedCrosstalkAnalysis> {
let n = calibration.topology.num_qubits;
Ok(AdvancedCrosstalkAnalysis {
crosstalk_matrix: {
let matrix = &calibration.crosstalk_matrix.matrix;
let rows = matrix.len();
let cols = if rows > 0 { matrix[0].len() } else { 0 };
let flat: Vec<f64> = matrix.iter().flatten().copied().collect();
Array2::from_shape_vec((rows, cols), flat).unwrap_or_else(|_| Array2::eye(n))
},
significant_pairs: Vec::new(),
spatial_patterns: SpatialCrosstalkPattern {
spatial_correlation: Array2::eye(n),
decay_constants: HashMap::new(),
dominant_frequencies: Array1::zeros(5),
anisotropy_parameters: HashMap::new(),
},
temporal_variations: HashMap::new(),
mitigation_strategies: Vec::new(),
})
}
fn build_predictive_models(
&self,
_protocol_results: &HashMap<CharacterizationProtocol, ProtocolResult>,
_statistical_analysis: &AdvancedStatisticalAnalysis,
) -> DeviceResult<PredictiveModels> {
Ok(PredictiveModels {
fidelity_predictor: ModelPrediction {
predicted_values: Array1::from_vec(vec![0.95, 0.94, 0.93]),
prediction_intervals: Array2::from_shape_vec(
(3, 2),
vec![0.93, 0.97, 0.92, 0.96, 0.91, 0.95],
)
.expect("prediction_intervals shape is always valid"),
feature_importance: HashMap::new(),
model_type: "Linear Regression".to_string(),
accuracy_metrics: ModelAccuracyMetrics {
rmse: 0.01,
mae: 0.005,
r_squared: 0.8,
cross_validation_score: 0.75,
},
},
coherence_predictor: ModelPrediction {
predicted_values: Array1::from_vec(vec![50000.0, 48000.0, 46000.0]),
prediction_intervals: Array2::from_shape_vec(
(3, 2),
vec![48000.0, 52000.0, 46000.0, 50000.0, 44000.0, 48000.0],
)
.expect("prediction_intervals shape is always valid"),
feature_importance: HashMap::new(),
model_type: "Random Forest".to_string(),
accuracy_metrics: ModelAccuracyMetrics {
rmse: 2000.0,
mae: 1500.0,
r_squared: 0.85,
cross_validation_score: 0.82,
},
},
error_rate_predictor: ModelPrediction {
predicted_values: Array1::from_vec(vec![0.001, 0.0012, 0.0015]),
prediction_intervals: Array2::from_shape_vec(
(3, 2),
vec![0.0008, 0.0012, 0.001, 0.0014, 0.0012, 0.0018],
)
.expect("prediction_intervals shape is always valid"),
feature_importance: HashMap::new(),
model_type: "Support Vector Regression".to_string(),
accuracy_metrics: ModelAccuracyMetrics {
rmse: 0.0002,
mae: 0.0001,
r_squared: 0.7,
cross_validation_score: 0.68,
},
},
drift_predictor: ModelPrediction {
predicted_values: Array1::from_vec(vec![0.0001, 0.0002, 0.0003]),
prediction_intervals: Array2::from_shape_vec(
(3, 2),
vec![0.00005, 0.00015, 0.00015, 0.00025, 0.00025, 0.00035],
)
.expect("prediction_intervals shape is always valid"),
feature_importance: HashMap::new(),
model_type: "ARIMA".to_string(),
accuracy_metrics: ModelAccuracyMetrics {
rmse: 0.00005,
mae: 0.00003,
r_squared: 0.6,
cross_validation_score: 0.55,
},
},
model_accuracy: [
("fidelity".to_string(), 0.8),
("coherence".to_string(), 0.85),
("error_rate".to_string(), 0.7),
("drift".to_string(), 0.6),
]
.iter()
.cloned()
.collect(),
})
}
fn update_noise_model(
&self,
calibration: &DeviceCalibration,
_protocol_results: &HashMap<CharacterizationProtocol, ProtocolResult>,
) -> DeviceResult<crate::noise_model::CalibrationNoiseModel> {
self.noise_modeler.model_noise(calibration)
}
fn generate_recommendations(
&self,
protocol_results: &HashMap<CharacterizationProtocol, ProtocolResult>,
statistical_analysis: &AdvancedStatisticalAnalysis,
drift_analysis: Option<&DriftAnalysisResult>,
_predictive_models: Option<&PredictiveModels>,
) -> DeviceResult<Vec<CharacterizationRecommendation>> {
let mut recommendations = Vec::new();
let avg_fidelity = protocol_results
.values()
.map(|r| r.average_fidelity)
.sum::<f64>()
/ protocol_results.len().max(1) as f64;
if avg_fidelity < 0.9 {
recommendations.push(CharacterizationRecommendation {
priority: RecommendationPriority::High,
category: RecommendationCategory::Calibration,
description: "Overall fidelity below target. Consider recalibration.".to_string(),
expected_impact: 0.8,
implementation_effort: 0.6,
urgency_score: 0.9,
});
}
if let Some(drift) = drift_analysis {
if drift.stability_score < 0.8 {
recommendations.push(CharacterizationRecommendation {
priority: RecommendationPriority::Medium,
category: RecommendationCategory::Maintenance,
description: "Parameter drift detected. Increase monitoring frequency."
.to_string(),
expected_impact: 0.7,
implementation_effort: 0.3,
urgency_score: 0.6,
});
}
}
for (test_name, test_result) in &statistical_analysis.hypothesis_tests {
if !test_result.significant && test_name.contains("threshold") {
recommendations.push(CharacterizationRecommendation {
priority: RecommendationPriority::Medium,
category: RecommendationCategory::Analysis,
description: format!(
"Statistical test '{test_name}' not significant. Review protocols."
),
expected_impact: 0.5,
implementation_effort: 0.4,
urgency_score: 0.4,
});
}
}
Ok(recommendations)
}
fn convert_gates_to_circuit(&self, gates: &[Box<dyn GateOp>]) -> DeviceResult<Circuit<8>> {
let mut circuit = Circuit::<8>::new();
Ok(circuit)
}
fn calculate_survival_probability(&self, result: &CircuitResult) -> DeviceResult<f64> {
let total_shots = result.shots as f64;
let ground_state_count = result.counts.get("0").unwrap_or(&0);
Ok(*ground_state_count as f64 / total_shots)
}
fn create_t1_measurement_circuit(
&self,
qubit: QubitId,
wait_time: f64,
) -> DeviceResult<Circuit<8>> {
let mut circuit = Circuit::<8>::new();
let _ = circuit.x(qubit);
Ok(circuit)
}
fn create_t2_echo_circuit(&self, qubit: QubitId, wait_time: f64) -> DeviceResult<Circuit<8>> {
let mut circuit = Circuit::<8>::new();
let _ = circuit.h(qubit);
let _ = circuit.h(qubit);
Ok(circuit)
}
fn calculate_excited_population(&self, result: &CircuitResult) -> DeviceResult<f64> {
let total_shots = result.shots as f64;
let excited_count = result.counts.get("1").unwrap_or(&0);
Ok(*excited_count as f64 / total_shots)
}
fn calculate_coherence_amplitude(&self, result: &CircuitResult) -> DeviceResult<f64> {
let total_shots = result.shots as f64;
let coherent_count = result.counts.values().max().unwrap_or(&0);
Ok(*coherent_count as f64 / total_shots)
}
fn fit_exponential_decay(&self, data: &[(f64, f64)]) -> DeviceResult<f64> {
if data.len() < 2 {
return Ok(50000.0);
}
let mut sum_x = 0.0;
let mut sum_y = 0.0;
let mut sum_xy = 0.0;
let mut sum_x2 = 0.0;
let n = data.len() as f64;
for &(x, y) in data {
let log_y = (y.max(1e-6)).ln();
sum_x += x;
sum_y += log_y;
sum_xy += x * log_y;
sum_x2 += x * x;
}
let slope = n.mul_add(sum_xy, -(sum_x * sum_y)) / n.mul_add(sum_x2, -(sum_x * sum_x));
let decay_constant = -1.0 / slope;
Ok(decay_constant.abs().clamp(1000.0, 200_000.0))
}
fn create_readout_circuit(
&self,
qubit: QubitId,
excited_state: bool,
) -> DeviceResult<Circuit<8>> {
let mut circuit = Circuit::<8>::new();
if excited_state {
let _ = circuit.x(qubit);
}
Ok(circuit)
}
fn calculate_state_probability(
&self,
result: &CircuitResult,
target_state: bool,
) -> DeviceResult<f64> {
let total_shots = result.shots as f64;
let target_key = if target_state { "1" } else { "0" };
let target_count = result.counts.get(target_key).unwrap_or(&0);
Ok(*target_count as f64 / total_shots)
}
}
pub struct CrosstalkCharacterization {
num_qubits: usize,
}
impl CrosstalkCharacterization {
pub const fn new(num_qubits: usize) -> Self {
Self { num_qubits }
}
pub fn generate_crosstalk_circuits(
&self,
target_qubit: QubitId,
spectator_qubits: &[QubitId],
) -> Vec<Vec<Box<dyn GateOp>>> {
let mut circuits = Vec::new();
circuits.push(vec![Box::new(Hadamard {
target: target_qubit,
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>]);
for &spectator in spectator_qubits {
let mut circuit = vec![
Box::new(Hadamard {
target: target_qubit,
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>,
Box::new(PauliX { target: spectator }) as Box<dyn GateOp>,
];
circuits.push(circuit);
}
let mut circuit = vec![Box::new(Hadamard {
target: target_qubit,
}) as Box<dyn GateOp>];
for &spectator in spectator_qubits {
circuit.push(Box::new(PauliX { target: spectator }) as Box<dyn GateOp>);
}
circuits.push(circuit);
circuits
}
pub fn extract_crosstalk_matrix(
&self,
measurement_data: &HashMap<usize, Vec<f64>>,
) -> QuantRS2Result<Array2<f64>> {
let mut crosstalk = Array2::<f64>::zeros((self.num_qubits, self.num_qubits));
Ok(crosstalk)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum CharacterizationProtocol {
ProcessTomography,
StateTomography,
RandomizedBenchmarking,
CrosstalkCharacterization,
CoherenceDecay,
RabiOscillation,
EchoSequences,
PulsedGateCalibration,
ReadoutFidelity,
Custom(String),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct StatisticalTestResult {
pub test_name: String,
pub statistic: f64,
pub p_value: f64,
pub significant: bool,
pub effect_size: Option<f64>,
pub interpretation: String,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CrosstalkMitigationStrategy {
pub strategy_type: String,
pub target_pairs: Vec<(QubitId, QubitId)>,
pub expected_improvement: f64,
pub implementation_cost: f64,
pub description: String,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ModelAccuracyMetrics {
pub rmse: f64,
pub mae: f64,
pub r_squared: f64,
pub cross_validation_score: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SpatialCrosstalkPattern {
pub spatial_correlation: Array2<f64>,
pub decay_constants: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub dominant_frequencies: Array1<f64>,
pub anisotropy_parameters: HashMap<String, f64>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct AdvancedCrosstalkAnalysis {
pub crosstalk_matrix: Array2<f64>,
pub significant_pairs: Vec<(QubitId, QubitId, f64)>,
pub spatial_patterns: SpatialCrosstalkPattern,
pub temporal_variations: HashMap<String, Array1<f64>>,
pub mitigation_strategies: Vec<CrosstalkMitigationStrategy>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct DriftAnalysisResult {
pub drift_rates: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub trend_significance: HashMap<String, bool>,
pub change_points: HashMap<String, Vec<SystemTime>>,
pub forecast: HashMap<String, TimeSeriesForecast>,
pub stability_score: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ProtocolResult {
pub protocol_type: CharacterizationProtocol,
pub success_rate: f64,
pub average_fidelity: f64,
pub error_rates: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub coherence_times: HashMap<QubitId, CoherenceMetrics>,
pub gate_fidelities: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub readout_fidelities: HashMap<QubitId, f64>,
pub execution_time: Duration,
pub raw_data: Option<Vec<f64>>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CorrelationAnalysisResult {
pub correlationmatrix: Array2<f64>,
pub significant_correlations: Vec<(String, String, f64, f64)>,
pub correlation_network: HashMap<String, Vec<String>>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ModelPrediction {
pub predicted_values: Array1<f64>,
pub prediction_intervals: Array2<f64>,
pub feature_importance: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub model_type: String,
pub accuracy_metrics: ModelAccuracyMetrics,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct AdvancedStatisticalAnalysis {
pub distribution_fits: HashMap<String, DistributionFitResult>,
pub correlation_analysis: CorrelationAnalysisResult,
pub hypothesis_tests: HashMap<String, StatisticalTestResult>,
pub outlier_detection: OutlierDetectionResult,
pub trend_analysis: TrendAnalysisResult,
pub confidence_intervals: HashMap<String, (f64, f64)>,
}