use crate::embedding::{EmbeddingError, EmbeddingResult};
use crate::ising::{IsingError, IsingModel};
use crate::qubo::{QuboError, QuboFormulation};
use crate::simulator::{AnnealingParams, AnnealingSolution};
use scirs2_core::random::{ChaCha8Rng, Rng, SeedableRng};
use scirs2_core::RngExt;
use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use thiserror::Error;
use super::functions::{HardwareCompilationResult, PerformanceModel};
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CompilationMetadata {
pub compilation_time: Duration,
pub optimization_iterations: usize,
pub compilation_algorithm: String,
pub compilation_resources: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub warnings: Vec<String>,
pub optimization_trace: Vec<OptimizationStep>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum CompilationConstraint {
MaxCompilationTime(Duration),
MaxProblemSize(usize),
MinQualityThreshold(f64),
ResourceUsageLimits(HashMap<String, f64>),
EmbeddingConstraints(EmbeddingConstraints),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum EmbeddingAlgorithm {
MinorMiner,
Clique,
Layered,
Spectral,
MLGuided,
Hybrid(Vec<Self>),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum HardwareType {
DWaveChimera {
unit_cells: (usize, usize),
cell_size: usize,
},
DWavePegasus {
layers: usize,
nodes_per_layer: usize,
},
DWaveZephyr {
layers: usize,
tiles_per_layer: usize,
},
NeutralAtom {
grid_size: (usize, usize),
connectivity: ConnectivityPattern,
},
SuperconductingFlux {
topology: TopologyType,
num_qubits: usize,
},
Photonic {
mode_count: usize,
coupling_graph: Vec<Vec<bool>>,
},
Custom {
adjacency_matrix: Vec<Vec<bool>>,
characteristics: HardwareCharacteristics,
},
Ideal { num_qubits: usize },
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ResourceUtilization {
pub qubit_utilization: f64,
pub coupling_utilization: f64,
pub control_resource_usage: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub estimated_energy: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ProblemStructure {
Sparse,
Dense,
Structured,
Random,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum OptimizationObjective {
MinimizeTime { weight: f64 },
MaximizeQuality { weight: f64 },
MinimizeEnergy { weight: f64 },
MaximizeSuccessProbability { weight: f64 },
MinimizeResourceUsage { weight: f64 },
MaximizeReproducibility { weight: f64 },
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ParallelizationStrategy {
None,
ParallelEmbedding,
ParallelParameterSearch,
FullPipeline,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Chain {
pub logical_variable: usize,
pub physical_qubits: Vec<usize>,
pub chain_strength: f64,
pub connectivity: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum CouplingUtilization {
Conservative,
Aggressive,
Balanced,
Adaptive,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct OptimizationStep {
pub description: String,
pub objective_value: f64,
pub parameters: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub step_time: Duration,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct EmbeddingConstraints {
pub max_chain_length: Option<usize>,
pub preferred_algorithms: Vec<EmbeddingAlgorithm>,
pub chain_strength_optimization: bool,
pub quality_thresholds: EmbeddingQualityThresholds,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct CouplingRange {
pub min_strength: f64,
pub max_strength: f64,
pub fidelity: f64,
pub crosstalk: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum QubitAllocationStrategy {
MinimizeCount,
MaximizeConnectivity,
LoadBalance,
PreferHighFidelity,
Custom,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PerformancePrediction {
pub success_probability: f64,
pub solution_quality: f64,
pub time_to_solution: f64,
pub confidence_intervals: HashMap<String, (f64, f64)>,
pub sensitivity_analysis: SensitivityAnalysis,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct TemperatureProfile {
pub initial_temp: f64,
pub final_temp: f64,
pub temp_precision: f64,
pub cooling_rate_limits: (f64, f64),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum HardwareConstraint {
MaxActiveQubits(usize),
MaxCouplingStrength(f64),
MinAnnealingTime(f64),
MaxAnnealingTime(f64),
ForbiddenPairs(Vec<(usize, usize)>),
CalibrationFrequency(Duration),
TemperatureStability(f64),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CompilationResult {
pub compiled_ising: IsingModel,
pub embedding: EmbeddingInfo,
pub annealing_params: AnnealingParams,
pub hardware_mapping: HardwareMapping,
pub performance_prediction: PerformancePrediction,
pub metadata: CompilationMetadata,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SensitivityAnalysis {
pub parameter_sensitivities: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub noise_sensitivity: f64,
pub temperature_sensitivity: f64,
pub robustness_measures: HashMap<String, f64>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct QubitNoise {
pub t1: f64,
pub t2: f64,
pub gate_fidelity: f64,
pub bias_noise: f64,
pub readout_fidelity: f64,
}
#[derive(Error, Debug)]
pub enum HardwareCompilationError {
#[error("Ising error: {0}")]
IsingError(#[from] IsingError),
#[error("QUBO error: {0}")]
QuboError(#[from] QuboError),
#[error("Embedding error: {0}")]
EmbeddingError(#[from] EmbeddingError),
#[error("Hardware topology error: {0}")]
TopologyError(String),
#[error("Compilation error: {0}")]
CompilationError(String),
#[error("Optimization error: {0}")]
OptimizationError(String),
#[error("Hardware characterization error: {0}")]
CharacterizationError(String),
#[error("Invalid configuration: {0}")]
InvalidConfiguration(String),
#[error("Performance prediction error: {0}")]
PredictionError(String),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct HardwareMapping {
pub qubit_assignments: HashMap<usize, usize>,
pub coupling_assignments: HashMap<(usize, usize), (usize, usize)>,
pub resource_utilization: ResourceUtilization,
pub constraints_satisfied: Vec<bool>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PerformanceData {
pub success_probability: f64,
pub solution_quality: f64,
pub time_to_solution: f64,
pub additional_metrics: HashMap<String, f64>,
}
pub struct MLPerformanceModel {
parameters: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub(super) training_data: Vec<(Vec<f64>, PerformanceData)>,
pub(super) confidence: f64,
}
impl MLPerformanceModel {
#[must_use]
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
parameters: HashMap::new(),
training_data: Vec::new(),
confidence: 0.5,
}
}
pub(crate) fn extract_features(
&self,
problem: &IsingModel,
embedding: &EmbeddingInfo,
hardware: &HardwareCharacteristics,
) -> Vec<f64> {
let mut features = Vec::new();
features.push(problem.num_qubits as f64);
features.push(embedding.chains.len() as f64);
features.push(embedding.quality_metrics.avg_chain_length);
features.push(embedding.quality_metrics.efficiency);
features.push(hardware.num_qubits as f64);
features.push(hardware.performance_metrics.success_probability);
features.push(hardware.performance_metrics.solution_quality);
let connectivity_density = hardware
.connectivity
.iter()
.flatten()
.filter(|&&connected| connected)
.count() as f64
/ (hardware.num_qubits * hardware.num_qubits) as f64;
features.push(connectivity_density);
features
}
}
pub struct HardwareCompiler {
target_hardware: CompilationTarget,
config: CompilerConfig,
embedding_cache: HashMap<String, EmbeddingResult>,
performance_model: Box<dyn PerformanceModel>,
optimization_engine: OptimizationEngine,
}
impl HardwareCompiler {
#[must_use]
pub fn new(target_hardware: CompilationTarget, config: CompilerConfig) -> Self {
Self {
target_hardware,
config,
embedding_cache: HashMap::new(),
performance_model: Box::new(MLPerformanceModel::new()),
optimization_engine: OptimizationEngine::new(OptimizationConfig {
max_iterations: 100,
tolerance: 1e-6,
algorithm: OptimizationAlgorithm::SimulatedAnnealing,
objective_weights: HashMap::from([
("time".to_string(), 0.3),
("quality".to_string(), 0.4),
("energy".to_string(), 0.2),
("success_probability".to_string(), 0.1),
]),
}),
}
}
pub fn compile(
&mut self,
problem: &IsingModel,
) -> HardwareCompilationResult<CompilationResult> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let problem_analysis = self.analyze_problem(problem)?;
let embedding_info = self.generate_embedding(problem)?;
let annealing_params = self.optimize_annealing_parameters(problem, &embedding_info)?;
let hardware_mapping = self.create_hardware_mapping(problem, &embedding_info)?;
let performance_prediction = self.performance_model.predict_performance(
problem,
&embedding_info,
&self.target_hardware.characteristics,
)?;
let compiled_ising = self.apply_embedding_to_problem(problem, &embedding_info)?;
let compilation_time = start_time.elapsed();
Ok(CompilationResult {
compiled_ising,
embedding: embedding_info,
annealing_params,
hardware_mapping,
performance_prediction,
metadata: CompilationMetadata {
compilation_time,
optimization_iterations: self.optimization_engine.state.iteration,
compilation_algorithm: "HardwareAwareCompiler".to_string(),
compilation_resources: HashMap::from([
("memory_usage".to_string(), 100.0),
("cpu_time".to_string(), compilation_time.as_secs_f64()),
]),
warnings: Vec::new(),
optimization_trace: self.optimization_engine.history.clone(),
},
})
}
pub(crate) fn analyze_problem(
&self,
problem: &IsingModel,
) -> HardwareCompilationResult<ProblemAnalysis> {
Ok(ProblemAnalysis {
num_variables: problem.num_qubits,
connectivity_density: self.calculate_connectivity_density(problem),
coupling_distribution: self.analyze_coupling_distribution(problem),
problem_structure: self.detect_problem_structure(problem),
complexity_estimate: self.estimate_complexity(problem),
})
}
fn calculate_connectivity_density(&self, problem: &IsingModel) -> f64 {
let mut num_couplings = 0;
for i in 0..problem.num_qubits {
for j in (i + 1)..problem.num_qubits {
if problem.get_coupling(i, j).unwrap_or(0.0).abs() > 1e-10 {
num_couplings += 1;
}
}
}
let max_couplings = problem.num_qubits * (problem.num_qubits - 1) / 2;
f64::from(num_couplings) / max_couplings as f64
}
fn analyze_coupling_distribution(&self, problem: &IsingModel) -> CouplingDistribution {
let mut couplings = Vec::new();
for i in 0..problem.num_qubits {
for j in (i + 1)..problem.num_qubits {
let coupling = problem.get_coupling(i, j).unwrap_or(0.0);
if coupling.abs() > 1e-10 {
couplings.push(coupling.abs());
}
}
}
if couplings.is_empty() {
return CouplingDistribution {
mean: 0.0,
std_dev: 0.0,
min: 0.0,
max: 0.0,
distribution_type: DistributionType::Uniform,
};
}
couplings.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal));
let mean = couplings.iter().sum::<f64>() / couplings.len() as f64;
let variance =
couplings.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / couplings.len() as f64;
CouplingDistribution {
mean,
std_dev: variance.sqrt(),
min: couplings[0],
max: couplings[couplings.len() - 1],
distribution_type: DistributionType::Normal,
}
}
fn detect_problem_structure(&self, problem: &IsingModel) -> ProblemStructure {
let connectivity_density = self.calculate_connectivity_density(problem);
if connectivity_density < 0.1 {
ProblemStructure::Sparse
} else if connectivity_density > 0.7 {
ProblemStructure::Dense
} else {
ProblemStructure::Structured
}
}
fn estimate_complexity(&self, problem: &IsingModel) -> f64 {
let size_factor = (problem.num_qubits as f64).ln();
let connectivity_factor = self.calculate_connectivity_density(problem);
size_factor * (1.0 + connectivity_factor)
}
fn generate_embedding(
&mut self,
problem: &IsingModel,
) -> HardwareCompilationResult<EmbeddingInfo> {
let cache_key = self.generate_cache_key(problem);
if self.config.cache_embeddings {
if let Some(cached_result) = self.embedding_cache.get(&cache_key) {
return Ok(self.convert_embedding_result_to_info(cached_result));
}
}
let embedding_result = self.find_best_embedding(problem)?;
if self.config.cache_embeddings {
self.embedding_cache
.insert(cache_key, embedding_result.clone());
}
Ok(self.convert_embedding_result_to_info(&embedding_result))
}
fn find_best_embedding(
&self,
problem: &IsingModel,
) -> HardwareCompilationResult<EmbeddingResult> {
let mut variable_mapping = HashMap::new();
let mut chains = Vec::new();
for i in 0..problem.num_qubits {
variable_mapping.insert(i, vec![i]);
chains.push(Chain {
logical_variable: i,
physical_qubits: vec![i],
chain_strength: 1.0,
connectivity: 1.0,
});
}
let quality_metrics = EmbeddingQualityMetrics {
avg_chain_length: 1.0,
max_chain_length: 1,
efficiency: 1.0,
chain_balance: 1.0,
connectivity_utilization: self.calculate_connectivity_density(problem),
};
Ok(EmbeddingResult {
embedding: variable_mapping.clone(),
chain_strength: 1.0,
success: true,
error_message: None,
})
}
fn convert_embedding_result_to_info(&self, result: &EmbeddingResult) -> EmbeddingInfo {
let mut chains = Vec::new();
for (logical, physical) in &result.embedding {
chains.push(Chain {
logical_variable: *logical,
physical_qubits: physical.clone(),
chain_strength: result.chain_strength,
connectivity: 1.0,
});
}
EmbeddingInfo {
variable_mapping: result.embedding.clone(),
chains,
quality_metrics: EmbeddingQualityMetrics {
avg_chain_length: 1.0,
max_chain_length: 1,
efficiency: 1.0,
chain_balance: 1.0,
connectivity_utilization: 0.5,
},
algorithm_used: EmbeddingAlgorithm::MinorMiner,
}
}
fn generate_cache_key(&self, problem: &IsingModel) -> String {
format!(
"{}_{:.6}",
problem.num_qubits,
self.calculate_connectivity_density(problem)
)
}
fn optimize_annealing_parameters(
&mut self,
problem: &IsingModel,
embedding: &EmbeddingInfo,
) -> HardwareCompilationResult<AnnealingParams> {
let objective_fn = |params: &HashMap<String, f64>| -> f64 {
let mut score = 0.0;
for (key, &value) in params {
match key.as_str() {
"chain_strength" => {
if value < 0.1 || value > 10.0 {
score += 1000.0;
}
}
"annealing_time" => {
if value < 1.0 || value > 1000.0 {
score += 1000.0;
}
}
_ => {}
}
}
score += params.values().map(|v| v.ln().abs()).sum::<f64>();
score
};
let optimized_params = self.optimization_engine.optimize(objective_fn)?;
Ok(AnnealingParams {
num_sweeps: *optimized_params.get("num_reads").unwrap_or(&1000.0) as usize,
num_repetitions: 1,
initial_temperature: optimized_params
.get("temperature")
.unwrap_or(&1.0)
.max(0.01),
final_temperature: 0.01,
timeout: Some(optimized_params.get("annealing_time").unwrap_or(&20.0) / 1000.0),
..Default::default()
})
}
fn create_hardware_mapping(
&self,
problem: &IsingModel,
embedding: &EmbeddingInfo,
) -> HardwareCompilationResult<HardwareMapping> {
let mut qubit_assignments = HashMap::new();
let mut coupling_assignments = HashMap::new();
for (logical, physical_vec) in &embedding.variable_mapping {
if let Some(&first_physical) = physical_vec.first() {
qubit_assignments.insert(*logical, first_physical);
}
}
for i in 0..problem.num_qubits {
for j in (i + 1)..problem.num_qubits {
if problem.get_coupling(i, j).unwrap_or(0.0).abs() > 1e-10 {
if let (Some(&phys_i), Some(&phys_j)) =
(qubit_assignments.get(&i), qubit_assignments.get(&j))
{
coupling_assignments.insert((i, j), (phys_i, phys_j));
}
}
}
}
let resource_utilization = ResourceUtilization {
qubit_utilization: problem.num_qubits as f64
/ self.target_hardware.characteristics.num_qubits as f64,
coupling_utilization: coupling_assignments.len() as f64 / 100.0,
control_resource_usage: HashMap::from([
("memory".to_string(), 0.1),
("control_lines".to_string(), 0.2),
]),
estimated_energy: problem.num_qubits as f64 * 0.001,
};
Ok(HardwareMapping {
qubit_assignments,
coupling_assignments,
resource_utilization,
constraints_satisfied: vec![true; self.target_hardware.constraints.len()],
})
}
fn apply_embedding_to_problem(
&self,
problem: &IsingModel,
embedding: &EmbeddingInfo,
) -> HardwareCompilationResult<IsingModel> {
let mut compiled = IsingModel::new(problem.num_qubits);
for i in 0..problem.num_qubits {
compiled.set_bias(i, problem.get_bias(i).unwrap_or(0.0))?;
}
for i in 0..problem.num_qubits {
for j in (i + 1)..problem.num_qubits {
let coupling = problem.get_coupling(i, j).unwrap_or(0.0);
if coupling.abs() > 1e-10 {
compiled.set_coupling(i, j, coupling)?;
}
}
}
Ok(compiled)
}
}
pub struct OptimizationEngine {
state: OptimizationState,
history: Vec<OptimizationStep>,
config: OptimizationConfig,
}
impl OptimizationEngine {
#[must_use]
pub fn new(config: OptimizationConfig) -> Self {
Self {
state: OptimizationState {
objective_value: f64::INFINITY,
parameters: HashMap::new(),
iteration: 0,
converged: false,
},
history: Vec::new(),
config,
}
}
pub fn optimize<F>(
&mut self,
objective_function: F,
) -> HardwareCompilationResult<HashMap<String, f64>>
where
F: Fn(&HashMap<String, f64>) -> f64,
{
let start_time = Instant::now();
let mut current_params = HashMap::from([
("chain_strength".to_string(), 1.0),
("annealing_time".to_string(), 20.0),
("temperature".to_string(), 0.01),
("num_reads".to_string(), 1000.0),
]);
let mut best_value = objective_function(¤t_params);
let mut best_params = current_params.clone();
for iteration in 0..self.config.max_iterations {
let mut candidate_params = current_params.clone();
let mut rng = ChaCha8Rng::seed_from_u64(iteration as u64);
for (key, value) in &mut candidate_params {
let perturbation = rng.random_range(-0.1..0.1) * *value;
*value = (*value + perturbation).max(0.01);
}
let candidate_value = objective_function(&candidate_params);
if candidate_value < best_value {
best_value = candidate_value;
best_params.clone_from(&candidate_params);
current_params.clone_from(&candidate_params);
}
self.history.push(OptimizationStep {
description: format!("Iteration {iteration}"),
objective_value: candidate_value,
parameters: candidate_params,
step_time: start_time.elapsed() / (iteration + 1) as u32,
});
if iteration > 10
&& self.history[iteration].objective_value
- self.history[iteration - 10].objective_value
< self.config.tolerance
{
self.state.converged = true;
break;
}
}
self.state.parameters = best_params.clone();
self.state.objective_value = best_value;
Ok(best_params)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct OptimizationConfig {
pub max_iterations: usize,
pub tolerance: f64,
pub algorithm: OptimizationAlgorithm,
pub objective_weights: HashMap<String, f64>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct EmbeddingQualityMetrics {
pub avg_chain_length: f64,
pub max_chain_length: usize,
pub efficiency: f64,
pub chain_balance: f64,
pub connectivity_utilization: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum DistributionType {
Uniform,
Normal,
Exponential,
PowerLaw,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum TopologyType {
Grid2D { rows: usize, cols: usize },
Grid3D { x: usize, y: usize, z: usize },
SmallWorld { degree: usize, rewiring_prob: f64 },
ScaleFree {
num_nodes: usize,
attachment_param: usize,
},
Complete,
Tree {
branching_factor: usize,
depth: usize,
},
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ResourceAllocation {
pub qubit_allocation: QubitAllocationStrategy,
pub coupling_utilization: CouplingUtilization,
pub parallelization: ParallelizationStrategy,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ProblemAnalysis {
pub num_variables: usize,
pub connectivity_density: f64,
pub coupling_distribution: CouplingDistribution,
pub problem_structure: ProblemStructure,
pub complexity_estimate: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CouplingDistribution {
pub mean: f64,
pub std_dev: f64,
pub min: f64,
pub max: f64,
pub distribution_type: DistributionType,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct EmbeddingQualityThresholds {
pub max_avg_chain_length: f64,
pub min_efficiency: f64,
pub max_overhead: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct ControlPrecision {
pub bias_precision: usize,
pub coupling_precision: usize,
pub timing_precision: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct PerformanceMetrics {
pub success_probability: f64,
pub solution_quality: f64,
pub time_to_solution: Vec<f64>,
pub energy_resolution: f64,
pub reproducibility: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct OptimizationState {
pub objective_value: f64,
pub parameters: HashMap<String, f64>,
pub iteration: usize,
pub converged: bool,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum OptimizationAlgorithm {
SimulatedAnnealing,
GeneticAlgorithm,
ParticleSwarm,
BayesianOptimization,
NSGAII,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct EmbeddingInfo {
pub variable_mapping: HashMap<usize, Vec<usize>>,
pub chains: Vec<Chain>,
pub quality_metrics: EmbeddingQualityMetrics,
pub algorithm_used: EmbeddingAlgorithm,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CompilerConfig {
pub aggressive_optimization: bool,
pub cache_embeddings: bool,
pub parallel_compilation: bool,
pub max_compilation_time: Duration,
pub optimization_tolerance: f64,
pub seed: Option<u64>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CompilationTarget {
pub hardware_type: HardwareType,
pub characteristics: HardwareCharacteristics,
pub objectives: Vec<OptimizationObjective>,
pub constraints: Vec<CompilationConstraint>,
pub resource_allocation: ResourceAllocation,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ConnectivityPattern {
NearestNeighbor,
AllToAll,
KingsGraph,
Triangular,
Custom(Vec<Vec<bool>>),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct HardwareCharacteristics {
pub num_qubits: usize,
pub connectivity: Vec<Vec<bool>>,
pub qubit_noise: Vec<QubitNoise>,
pub coupling_ranges: Vec<Vec<CouplingRange>>,
pub annealing_time_range: (f64, f64),
pub temperature_characteristics: TemperatureProfile,
pub control_precision: ControlPrecision,
pub constraints: Vec<HardwareConstraint>,
pub performance_metrics: PerformanceMetrics,
}