# py2pyd
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🚀 **A high-performance Rust-based tool to compile Python modules to extension files (.pyd on Windows, .so on Linux/macOS) with zero-dependency executables.**
✨ **Features Docker-powered CI/CD with 5-10x faster builds and truly portable executables that run anywhere without installation.**
> **Note**: This project is under active development. While core functionality is stable, APIs may evolve. We provide zero-dependency executables for maximum portability.
## Overview
py2pyd is a high-performance, Rust-based command-line tool that compiles Python (.py) files to Python extension modules (.pyd on Windows, .so on Linux/macOS). Built with modern DevOps practices, it features Docker-powered CI/CD for lightning-fast builds and produces zero-dependency executables for maximum portability.
### 🎯 Key Highlights
- **🚀 Zero-Dependency Executables**: Download and run immediately - no installation required
- **⚡ Lightning Fast**: Docker-powered builds with 5-10x performance improvements
- **🌍 Universal Compatibility**: Static binaries work on any Windows system or Linux distribution
- **🔒 Enterprise Ready**: Enhanced security scanning and strict code quality standards
- **🐳 Modern CI/CD**: Docker-based pipeline with specialized images for different tasks
## Features (Planned)
- Compile single Python files or entire directories to Python extension modules (.pyd on Windows, .so on Linux/macOS)
- Support for multiple Python interpreter discovery methods:
- Default PATH lookup
- uv integration with version selection (`--uv-python 3.10`)
- Explicit interpreter path specification (`--python-path`)
- Batch processing with recursive directory support
- Optimization level control
- Comprehensive logging and error reporting
## Installation
### 🚀 Download Zero-Dependency Executables
Download the latest release from the [Releases page](https://github.com/loonghao/py2pyd/releases).
#### Windows (Zero Dependencies)
- **64-bit**: `py2pyd-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu.zip` - Runs on any Windows system
- **32-bit**: `py2pyd-i686-pc-windows-gnu.zip` - Compatible with older systems
#### Linux (Static Binaries)
- **64-bit**: `py2pyd-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz` - Works on any Linux distribution
- **ARM64**: `py2pyd-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz` - For ARM64 Linux systems
#### macOS
- **Intel**: `py2pyd-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.gz`
- **Apple Silicon**: `py2pyd-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.gz`
> 💡 **Tip**: Windows and Linux musl builds are completely self-contained with zero dependencies. Just download, extract, and run!
### Build from Source
```bash
git clone https://github.com/loonghao/py2pyd.git
cd py2pyd
cargo build --release
```
The binary will be available at `target/release/py2pyd` (or `py2pyd.exe` on Windows).
### Cross-Compilation Support
This project includes enhanced cross-compilation support based on [rust-actions-toolkit](https://github.com/loonghao/rust-actions-toolkit) best practices:
- **Windows targets**: Properly configured for `x86_64-pc-windows-gnu` and `i686-pc-windows-gnu`
- **Memory allocator compatibility**: Resolved `libmimalloc-sys` build errors in cross-compilation environments
- **Enhanced toolchain**: Pre-configured `Cross.toml` with proper environment variables
To test cross-compilation locally:
```bash
# Install cross-compilation tool
cargo install cross
# Test Windows targets
cross build --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu --release
cross build --target i686-pc-windows-gnu --release
```
For troubleshooting cross-compilation issues, see the [rust-actions-toolkit documentation](https://github.com/loonghao/rust-actions-toolkit/blob/master/docs/CROSS_COMPILATION_ISSUES.md).
## Usage
```bash
# Basic usage (uses Python from PATH)
py2pyd -i input.py -o output.pyd
# Using uv with specific Python version
py2pyd --uv-python 3.10 -i input.py -o output.pyd
# Using explicit Python interpreter path
py2pyd --python-path C:/Python310/python.exe -i input.py -o output.pyd
# Batch processing
py2pyd --uv-python 3.10 -i src/ -o build/ --recursive
```
## Requirements
- Operating system:
- Windows (primary target)
- Linux and macOS (experimental support)
- Compatible C/C++ compiler for the target Python version:
- **Windows**:
- **MSVC (Recommended)**: Install Visual Studio Build Tools from [here](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/)
- **MinGW-w64 (Alternative)**: Install from [here](https://www.mingw-w64.org/downloads/)
- **Linux**: GCC (install via `sudo apt-get install build-essential` on Debian/Ubuntu)
- **macOS**: Xcode Command Line Tools (install via `xcode-select --install`)
- Python interpreter (if not using embedded mode)
The tool will automatically check for required build tools and provide installation instructions if they are missing.
## Testing
py2pyd includes comprehensive tests, including integration tests that download and compile real Python packages from PyPI.
### Quick Tests
```bash
# Run unit tests only
cargo test
```
### Integration Tests
```bash
# Run all tests including integration tests (requires internet and build tools)
cargo test -- --ignored
# Test compiling a simple Python module
cargo test test_compile_simple_python_module -- --ignored
# Test downloading and compiling a real PyPI package
cargo test test_download_six_package -- --ignored
```
For detailed testing information, see [TESTING_GUIDE.md](TESTING_GUIDE.md).
## 🐳 Docker-Powered Development
This project leverages cutting-edge Docker technology for development and CI/CD:
### Performance Improvements
| **Cold Start** | 3-5 minutes | 30-60 seconds | **5-10x faster** |
| **Warm Start** | 1-2 minutes | 10-20 seconds | **3-6x faster** |
| **Dependencies** | Downloaded each time | Pre-installed | **Consistent** |
### Docker Images Used
- **`ghcr.io/loonghao/rust-toolkit:base`** - General CI/CD operations
- **`ghcr.io/loonghao/rust-toolkit:cross-compile`** - Zero-dependency builds
- **`ghcr.io/loonghao/rust-toolkit:security-audit`** - Enhanced security scanning
### Zero-Dependency Builds
Our release pipeline produces truly portable executables:
- **Windows**: No DLL dependencies, runs on any Windows system
- **Linux**: Static musl binaries work on any distribution
- **Single File**: Download and run immediately
This ensures maximum compatibility and ease of distribution.
## TODO List
- [ ] Implement flexible Python interpreter discovery
- [ ] PATH-based discovery
- [ ] uv integration with version selection
- [ ] Explicit path specification
- [ ] Improve MSVC compiler detection and integration
- [ ] Auto-detection of installed MSVC
- [ ] Clear error messages and installation guidance
- [ ] Investigate minimal MSVC toolchain options
- [ ] Enhance compilation process
- [ ] Optimize Cython usage
- [ ] Improve error handling and reporting
- [ ] Add support for compilation configuration
- [ ] Add comprehensive testing
- [ ] Unit tests for different Python versions
- [ ] Integration tests for various compilation scenarios
- [x] CI/CD pipeline setup
- [ ] Improve documentation
- [ ] Detailed usage examples
- [ ] Troubleshooting guide
- [ ] API documentation
- [ ] Future enhancements
- [ ] Investigate embedded Python interpreter option
- [x] Support for additional platforms (Linux, macOS)
- [ ] Performance optimizations
## Release Process
This project uses **Semantic Release** with automated CI/CD. Releases are automatically triggered based on [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/):
### Automatic Version Bumping
| `feat:` | Minor (0.1.0 → 0.2.0) | `feat: add Python 3.12 support` |
| `fix:` | Patch (0.1.0 → 0.1.1) | `fix: resolve memory leak in parser` |
| `feat!:` or `BREAKING CHANGE:` | Major (0.1.0 → 1.0.0) | `feat!: redesign command-line interface` |
| `docs:`, `chore:`, etc. | Patch (0.1.0 → 0.1.1) | `docs: update installation guide` |
### How to Release
Simply use conventional commit messages when pushing to main:
```bash
# Feature addition (minor version bump)
git commit -m "feat: add support for Python 3.12"
# Bug fix (patch version bump)
git commit -m "fix: handle edge case in file parsing"
# Breaking change (major version bump)
git commit -m "feat!: redesign command-line interface
BREAKING CHANGE: The --input flag is now required"
```
The CI system will automatically:
1. **Analyze commit messages** to determine version bump
2. **Update version** in `Cargo.toml`
3. **Build binaries** for all supported platforms
4. **Create Git tag** and GitHub release
5. **Upload artifacts** with generated release notes
For detailed information, see [docs/VERSIONING.md](docs/VERSIONING.md).
## Contributing
Contributions are welcome! Please follow these guidelines:
### Commit Message Format
This project uses [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/). Please format your commit messages as:
```
<type>[optional scope]: <description>
[optional body]
[optional footer(s)]
```
**Types:**
- `feat`: A new feature
- `fix`: A bug fix
- `docs`: Documentation only changes
- `style`: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code
- `refactor`: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
- `perf`: A code change that improves performance
- `test`: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests
- `chore`: Changes to the build process or auxiliary tools
**Examples:**
```bash
feat(parser): add support for async functions
fix(compiler): resolve segmentation fault on Windows
docs(readme): add installation instructions
refactor(core): simplify error handling logic
```
### Pull Request Process
1. Fork the repository
2. Create a feature branch
3. Make your changes using conventional commits
4. Submit a pull request
Please feel free to submit a Pull Request!
## License
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.