# Custom Writers Examples
This guide provides practical examples of implementing custom HTML writers for specialized rendering needs.
## Basic Custom Writer
Create a simple custom writer that adds Bootstrap classes:
```rust
use pulldown_html_ext::{
HtmlWriter, HtmlConfig, HtmlState, create_html_renderer,
HeadingLevel, HtmlError
};
use pulldown_cmark_escape::{StrWrite, FmtWriter};
use pulldown_cmark::{Parser, CowStr, Event};
struct BootstrapWriter<W: StrWrite> {
writer: W,
config: HtmlConfig,
state: HtmlState,
}
impl<W: StrWrite> BootstrapWriter<W> {
fn new(writer: W, config: HtmlConfig) -> Self {
Self {
writer,
config,
state: HtmlState::new(),
}
}
}
impl<W: StrWrite> HtmlWriter<W> for BootstrapWriter<W> {
fn get_writer(&mut self) -> &mut W {
&mut self.writer
}
fn get_config(&self) -> &HtmlConfig {
&self.config
}
fn get_state(&mut self) -> &mut HtmlState {
&mut self.state
}
fn start_paragraph(&mut self) -> Result<(), HtmlError> {
self.write_str(r#"<p class="lead">"#)
}
fn start_heading(
&mut self,
level: HeadingLevel,
id: Option<&str>,
classes: &[CowStr],
attrs: &Vec<(CowStr, Option<CowStr>)>
) -> Result<(), HtmlError> {
let level_num = level as u8;
let display_class = match level_num {
1 => "display-1",
2 => "display-2",
3 => "display-3",
_ => "display-4",
};
self.write_str(&format!(r#"<h{} class="{} fw-bold""#, level_num, display_class))?;
if let Some(id) = id {
self.write_str(&format!(r#" id="{}""#, id))?;
}
if !classes.is_empty() {
let class_str = classes.iter().map(|s| s.as_ref()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" ");
self.write_str(&format!(r#" class="{}""#, class_str))?;
}
for (key, value) in attrs {
self.write_str(" ")?;
self.write_str(key)?;
if let Some(val) = value {
self.write_str(&format!(r#"="{}""#, val))?;
}
}
self.write_str(">")
}
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let markdown = r#"
# Main Title
This is a paragraph.
## Section Title
Another paragraph here.
"#;
let mut output = String::new();
let writer = BootstrapWriter::new(
FmtWriter(&mut output),
HtmlConfig::default()
);
let mut renderer = create_html_renderer(writer);
let parser = Parser::new(markdown);
renderer.run(parser)?;
println!("{}", output);
Ok(())
}
```
## Writer with Custom State
Implement a writer that tracks and numbers sections:
```rust
use std::collections::VecDeque;
use pulldown_html_ext::{
HtmlWriter, HtmlConfig, HtmlState, create_html_renderer,
HeadingLevel, HtmlError
};
use pulldown_cmark_escape::{StrWrite, FmtWriter};
use pulldown_cmark::{Parser, CowStr};
#[derive(Default)]
struct SectionNumbers {
current: VecDeque<u32>,
}
impl SectionNumbers {
fn push(&mut self) {
self.current.push_back(1);
}
fn pop(&mut self) {
self.current.pop_back();
}
fn increment_current(&mut self) {
if let Some(last) = self.current.back_mut() {
*last += 1;
}
}
fn to_string(&self) -> String {
self.current
.iter()
.map(|n| n.to_string())
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
.join(".")
}
}
struct NumberedSectionsWriter<W: StrWrite> {
writer: W,
config: HtmlConfig,
state: HtmlState,
section_numbers: SectionNumbers,
}
impl<W: StrWrite> NumberedSectionsWriter<W> {
fn new(writer: W, config: HtmlConfig) -> Self {
Self {
writer,
config,
state: HtmlState::new(),
section_numbers: SectionNumbers::default(),
}
}
}
impl<W: StrWrite> HtmlWriter<W> for NumberedSectionsWriter<W> {
fn get_writer(&mut self) -> &mut W {
&mut self.writer
}
fn get_config(&self) -> &HtmlConfig {
&self.config
}
fn get_state(&mut self) -> &mut HtmlState {
&mut self.state
}
fn start_heading(
&mut self,
level: HeadingLevel,
id: Option<&str>,
classes: &[CowStr],
attrs: &Vec<(CowStr, Option<CowStr>)>
) -> Result<(), HtmlError> {
let level_num = level as u8;
// Update section numbers
while self.section_numbers.current.len() < level_num as usize {
self.section_numbers.push();
}
while self.section_numbers.current.len() > level_num as usize {
self.section_numbers.pop();
}
if !self.section_numbers.current.is_empty() {
self.section_numbers.increment_current();
}
let section_number = self.section_numbers.to_string();
// Write the heading tag with number
self.write_str(&format!(
r#"<h{} id="section-{}""#,
level_num, section_number
))?;
if !classes.is_empty() {
let class_str = classes.iter().map(|s| s.as_ref()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" ");
self.write_str(&format!(r#" class="{}""#, class_str))?;
}
for (key, value) in attrs {
self.write_str(" ")?;
self.write_str(key)?;
if let Some(val) = value {
self.write_str(&format!(r#"="{}""#, val))?;
}
}
self.write_str(">")?;
self.write_str(&format!("{} ", section_number))?;
Ok(())
}
}
```
## Writer with Enhanced Code Blocks
Create a writer that adds line numbers and copy buttons to code blocks:
```rust
use pulldown_html_ext::{
HtmlWriter, HtmlConfig, HtmlState, create_html_renderer,
CodeBlockKind, HtmlError
};
use pulldown_cmark_escape::{StrWrite, FmtWriter};
use pulldown_cmark::Parser;
struct EnhancedCodeWriter<W: StrWrite> {
writer: W,
config: HtmlConfig,
state: HtmlState,
line_count: usize,
}
impl<W: StrWrite> EnhancedCodeWriter<W> {
fn new(writer: W, config: HtmlConfig) -> Self {
Self {
writer,
config,
state: HtmlState::new(),
line_count: 0,
}
}
}
impl<W: StrWrite> HtmlWriter<W> for EnhancedCodeWriter<W> {
// ... implementation of required trait methods ...
fn start_code_block(&mut self, kind: CodeBlockKind) -> Result<(), HtmlError> {
self.line_count = 0;
self.get_state().currently_in_code_block = true;
// Write container div
self.write_str(r#"<div class="code-block-wrapper">"#)?;
// Add copy button
self.write_str(r#"<button class="copy-button" onclick="copyCode(this)">Copy</button>"#)?;
// Start pre and code tags
self.write_str("<pre><code")?;
if let CodeBlockKind::Fenced(info) = kind {
if !info.is_empty() {
self.write_str(&format!(r#" class="language-{}">"#, info))?;
} else {
self.write_str(">")?;
}
} else {
self.write_str(">")?;
}
Ok(())
}
fn text(&mut self, text: &str) -> Result<(), HtmlError> {
if self.get_state().currently_in_code_block {
for line in text.lines() {
self.line_count += 1;
self.write_str(&format!(
r#"<span class="line-number">{}</span>{}\n"#,
self.line_count, line
))?;
}
Ok(())
} else {
self.write_str(text)
}
}
}
```
## Next Steps
- Read the [Custom Writers Guide](../guide/custom-writers.md) for detailed information
- Check the [Configuration Examples](custom-config.md) for more customization options
- Explore the [HTML Rendering Guide](../guide/html-rendering.md) for rendering details