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<h1 class="text-4xl font-bold mb-4">JSON & Document Operations</h1>
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Work with JSON columns, nested documents, and flexible schemas across all databases.
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Overview</h2>
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Prax provides comprehensive JSON support for storing and querying semi-structured data,
from PostgreSQL's JSONB to MongoDB's native BSON documents.
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<th class="text-left py-3 px-4 font-semibold">Feature</th>
<th class="text-left py-3 px-4 font-semibold">PostgreSQL</th>
<th class="text-left py-3 px-4 font-semibold">MySQL</th>
<th class="text-left py-3 px-4 font-semibold">SQLite</th>
<th class="text-left py-3 px-4 font-semibold">MSSQL</th>
<th class="text-left py-3 px-4 font-semibold">MongoDB</th>
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<td class="py-3 px-4">JSON Type</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> JSONB</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> JSON</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> JSON</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> NVARCHAR</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> BSON</td>
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<td class="py-3 px-4">Path Queries</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> ->, ->></td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> ->, ->></td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> json_extract</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> JSON_VALUE</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> Dot notation</td>
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<td class="py-3 px-4">JSON Indexing</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> GIN</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> Generated</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-muted">❌</span></td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span></td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> Native</td>
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<td class="py-3 px-4">Containment</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> @></td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> JSON_CONTAINS</td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-muted">❌</span></td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-muted">❌</span></td>
<td class="py-3 px-4"><span class="text-success-400">✅</span> $elemMatch</td>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">JSON Path Queries</h2>
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Navigate JSON structures with a cross-database path API.
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<app-code-block [code]="jsonPath" language="rust" filename="src/json.rs" />
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Filtering JSON Data</h2>
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Use JSON-specific filters in your queries.
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<app-code-block [code]="jsonFilter" language="rust" filename="src/queries.rs" />
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">JSON Mutations</h2>
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Update specific fields within JSON columns without replacing the entire document.
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<app-code-block [code]="jsonMutation" language="rust" filename="src/mutations.rs" />
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">JSON Aggregations</h2>
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Build JSON objects and arrays from query results.
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<app-code-block [code]="jsonAgg" language="rust" filename="src/aggregations.rs" />
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">JSON Indexing</h2>
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Create indexes for efficient JSON queries.
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<app-code-block [code]="jsonIndex" language="rust" filename="src/indexes.rs" />
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<h4 class="font-semibold mb-2 text-primary-400">GIN Index (PostgreSQL)</h4>
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Use <code>jsonb_path_ops</code> for containment queries (@>).
Use default ops for key existence (?).
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<h4 class="font-semibold mb-2 text-primary-400">Generated Columns (MySQL)</h4>
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Extract JSON values into virtual columns and index those
for efficient filtering.
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">MongoDB Document Operations</h2>
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MongoDB's native document model with atomic update operators.
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<app-code-block [code]="mongoDocument" language="rust" filename="src/mongodb.rs" />
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Nested Documents</h2>
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Define embedded document types in your schema and query them type-safely.
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<app-code-block [code]="nestedDocuments" language="prax" filename="prax/schema.prax" />
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Best Practices</h2>
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<h4 class="font-semibold mb-2 text-success-400">Use JSONB over JSON (PostgreSQL)</h4>
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JSONB is binary, supports indexing, and is faster for most operations.
Use JSON only when you need to preserve key order or whitespace.
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<h4 class="font-semibold mb-2 text-success-400">Index Hot Paths</h4>
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If you frequently query a specific JSON path, create an expression index
on that path rather than a full GIN index.
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<h4 class="font-semibold mb-2 text-warning-400">Validate JSON Structure</h4>
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JSON columns accept any valid JSON. Use CHECK constraints or application
validation to ensure schema consistency.
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<h4 class="font-semibold mb-2 text-info-400">Consider Embedded vs Relations</h4>
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In MongoDB, embed frequently-accessed data together. In SQL databases,
use JSON for truly flexible data, not as a substitute for proper relations.
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