prax-orm 0.6.5

#![allow(dead_code, unused, clippy::type_complexity)]
//! Database Execution Benchmarks
//!
//! This benchmark suite compares actual database execution performance across ORMs:
//! - Prax (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite)
//! - Diesel-Async (PostgreSQL, MySQL)
//! - SQLx (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite)
//!
//! # Prerequisites
//!
//! Start the database containers before running:
//! ```bash
//! docker compose up -d postgres mysql
//! ```
//!
//! # Running Benchmarks
//!
//! ```bash
//! # Run all database execution benchmarks
//! cargo bench --bench database_execution
//!
//! # Run specific ORM benchmarks
//! cargo bench --bench database_execution -- prax
//! cargo bench --bench database_execution -- diesel_async
//! cargo bench --bench database_execution -- sqlx
//! ```
//!
//! # Environment Variables
//!
//! - `POSTGRES_URL`: PostgreSQL connection string (default: postgres://prax:prax_test_password@localhost:5432/prax_test)
//! - `MYSQL_URL`: MySQL connection string (default: mysql://prax:prax_test_password@localhost:3306/prax_test)
//! - `SKIP_DB_BENCHMARKS`: Set to "1" to skip database benchmarks

use criterion::{BenchmarkId, Criterion, criterion_group, criterion_main};
use std::env;
use std::hint::black_box;
use std::time::Duration;

// Connection URLs with defaults
fn postgres_url() -> String {
    env::var("POSTGRES_URL")
        .unwrap_or_else(|_| "postgres://prax:prax_test_password@localhost:5432/prax_test".into())
}

fn mysql_url() -> String {
    env::var("MYSQL_URL")
        .unwrap_or_else(|_| "mysql://prax:prax_test_password@localhost:3306/prax_test".into())
}

fn sqlite_url() -> String {
    env::var("SQLITE_URL").unwrap_or_else(|_| ":memory:".into())
}

fn should_skip_db_benchmarks() -> bool {
    env::var("SKIP_DB_BENCHMARKS")
        .map(|v| v == "1")
        .unwrap_or(false)
}

// ==============================================================================
// Prax Benchmarks (Async)
// ==============================================================================

mod prax_benchmarks {
    use super::*;
    use prax_query::filter::{Filter, FilterValue};
    use prax_query::sql::{DatabaseType, FastSqlBuilder, QueryCapacity};
    use tokio::runtime::Runtime;

    /// Benchmark query building (no database, baseline)
    pub fn query_building_select(c: &mut Criterion) {
        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("prax/query_building");

        group.bench_function("simple_select", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let mut builder = FastSqlBuilder::postgres(QueryCapacity::SimpleSelect);
                builder.push_str("SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE id = ");
                builder.bind(42i64);
                black_box(builder.build())
            })
        });

        group.bench_function("select_with_filters", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let mut builder = FastSqlBuilder::postgres(QueryCapacity::SelectWithFilters(3));
                builder.push_str("SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = ");
                builder.bind("active");
                builder.push_str(" AND age > ");
                builder.bind(18i64);
                builder.push_str(" AND verified = ");
                builder.bind(true);
                black_box(builder.build())
            })
        });

        group.bench_function("insert", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let mut builder = FastSqlBuilder::postgres(QueryCapacity::Insert(4));
                builder.push_str("INSERT INTO users (name, email, age, status) VALUES (");
                builder.bind("Test User");
                builder.push_str(", ");
                builder.bind("test@example.com");
                builder.push_str(", ");
                builder.bind(25i64);
                builder.push_str(", ");
                builder.bind("active");
                builder.push_str(") RETURNING id");
                black_box(builder.build())
            })
        });

        group.finish();
    }

    /// Benchmark filter construction
    pub fn filter_construction(c: &mut Criterion) {
        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("prax/filter_construction");

        group.bench_function("simple_eq", |b| {
            b.iter(|| black_box(Filter::Equals("id".into(), FilterValue::Int(42))))
        });

        group.bench_function("and_5", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                black_box(Filter::and([
                    Filter::Equals("status".into(), FilterValue::String("active".into())),
                    Filter::Gt("age".into(), FilterValue::Int(18)),
                    Filter::Lt("age".into(), FilterValue::Int(65)),
                    Filter::IsNotNull("email".into()),
                    Filter::Equals("verified".into(), FilterValue::Bool(true)),
                ]))
            })
        });

        group.bench_function("in_100", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let values: Vec<FilterValue> = (0..100).map(FilterValue::Int).collect();
                black_box(Filter::In("id".into(), values))
            })
        });

        group.finish();
    }

    /// Benchmark actual database execution using Prax with connection pooling
    pub fn database_execution(c: &mut Criterion) {
        use prax_postgres::{PgConfig, PgPool, PoolConfig};

        if should_skip_db_benchmarks() {
            return;
        }

        let rt = match Runtime::new() {
            Ok(rt) => rt,
            Err(_) => return,
        };

        let url = postgres_url();

        // Create pool with warmup - run pool creation inside the runtime
        let pool = match rt.block_on(async {
            // Parse config from URL
            let config = PgConfig::from_url(&url)?;

            // Create pool configuration (disable timeouts for benchmark)
            let pool_config = PoolConfig {
                max_connections: 5,
                min_connections: 1,
                statement_cache_size: 100,
                connection_timeout: None, // Disable timeout for benchmark
                idle_timeout: None,
                max_lifetime: None,
            };

            let pool = PgPool::with_pool_config(config, pool_config).await?;

            // Warmup: pre-establish connections
            pool.warmup(3).await?;

            Ok::<_, prax_postgres::PgError>(pool)
        }) {
            Ok(pool) => pool,
            Err(e) => {
                eprintln!("Failed to connect to PostgreSQL for Prax benchmarks: {}", e);
                eprintln!(
                    "Skipping database execution benchmarks. Start PostgreSQL with: docker compose up -d postgres"
                );
                return;
            }
        };

        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("prax/db_execution");
        group.sample_size(50);
        group.measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));

        // SELECT by ID with pooling
        group.bench_function("select_by_id", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result = conn
                    .query_opt(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE id = $1",
                        &[&1i64],
                    )
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // SELECT with filters
        group.bench_function("select_filtered", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result = conn
                    .query(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE status = $1 AND age > $2 LIMIT 10",
                        &[&"active", &18i32],
                    )
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // COUNT
        group.bench_function("count", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result = conn
                    .query_one("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE status = $1", &[&"active"])
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // SELECT with prepared statement (tests statement caching)
        group.bench_function("select_prepared", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result = conn
                    .query_cached("SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE id = $1", &[&1i64])
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        group.finish();

        // Cleanup
        pool.close();
    }

    /// Benchmark MySQL database execution using Prax with connection pooling
    pub fn mysql_database_execution(c: &mut Criterion) {
        use prax_mysql::{MysqlConfig, MysqlPool, PoolConfig};

        if should_skip_db_benchmarks() {
            return;
        }

        let rt = match Runtime::new() {
            Ok(rt) => rt,
            Err(_) => return,
        };

        let url = mysql_url();

        // Create pool - run pool creation inside the runtime
        let pool = match rt.block_on(async {
            let config = MysqlConfig::from_url(&url)?;

            let pool_config = PoolConfig {
                max_connections: 5,
                min_connections: 1,
                connection_timeout: Some(Duration::from_secs(10)),
                idle_timeout: None,
                max_lifetime: None,
            };

            let pool = MysqlPool::with_pool_config(config, pool_config).await?;
            Ok::<_, prax_mysql::MysqlError>(pool)
        }) {
            Ok(pool) => pool,
            Err(e) => {
                eprintln!("Failed to connect to MySQL for Prax benchmarks: {}", e);
                eprintln!(
                    "Skipping MySQL benchmarks. Start MySQL with: docker compose up -d mysql"
                );
                return;
            }
        };

        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("prax_mysql/db_execution");
        group.sample_size(50);
        group.measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));

        // SELECT by ID with pooling
        group.bench_function("select_by_id", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let mut conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result: Vec<(i64, String, String, i32, String, String, bool, i32)> = conn
                    .query_params(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE id = ?",
                        (1i64,),
                    )
                    .await
                    .unwrap();
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // SELECT with filters
        group.bench_function("select_filtered", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let mut conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result: Vec<(i64, String, String, i32, String, String, bool, i32)> = conn
                    .query_params(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE status = ? AND age > ? LIMIT 10",
                        ("active", 18i32),
                    )
                    .await
                    .unwrap();
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // COUNT
        group.bench_function("count", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let mut conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result: Vec<(i64,)> = conn
                    .query_params("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE status = ?", ("active",))
                    .await
                    .unwrap();
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        group.finish();

        // Cleanup
        rt.block_on(async {
            let _ = pool.disconnect().await;
        });
    }

    /// Benchmark SQLite database execution using Prax with connection pooling
    pub fn sqlite_database_execution(c: &mut Criterion) {
        use prax_sqlite::{PoolConfig, SqliteConfig, SqlitePool};

        if should_skip_db_benchmarks() {
            return;
        }

        let rt = match Runtime::new() {
            Ok(rt) => rt,
            Err(_) => return,
        };

        // Create in-memory database and seed it
        let pool = match rt.block_on(async {
            let config = SqliteConfig::memory();

            let pool_config = PoolConfig {
                max_connections: 1, // SQLite memory db needs single connection
                min_connections: 1,
                connection_timeout: Some(Duration::from_secs(10)),
                idle_timeout: None,
                max_lifetime: None,
            };

            let pool = SqlitePool::with_pool_config(config, pool_config).await?;

            // Seed the in-memory database
            let conn = pool.get().await?;

            // Create tables
            conn.execute(
                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
                    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                    name TEXT NOT NULL,
                    email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
                    age INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
                    status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'active',
                    role TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'user',
                    verified INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
                    score INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
                    created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                )"
            ).await?;

            // Seed users
            for i in 1..=1000 {
                let status = if i % 10 == 0 { "inactive" } else { "active" };
                let role = if i % 100 == 0 { "admin" } else if i % 20 == 0 { "moderator" } else { "user" };
                let verified = if i % 3 == 0 { 1 } else { 0 };
                conn.execute_params(
                    "INSERT INTO users (name, email, age, status, role, verified, score) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
                    vec![
                        rusqlite::types::Value::Text(format!("User {}", i)),
                        rusqlite::types::Value::Text(format!("user{}@example.com", i)),
                        rusqlite::types::Value::Integer((20 + (i % 50)) as i64),
                        rusqlite::types::Value::Text(status.to_string()),
                        rusqlite::types::Value::Text(role.to_string()),
                        rusqlite::types::Value::Integer(verified),
                        rusqlite::types::Value::Integer(((i * 17) % 1000) as i64),
                    ],
                ).await?;
            }

            Ok::<_, prax_sqlite::SqliteError>(pool)
        }) {
            Ok(pool) => pool,
            Err(e) => {
                eprintln!("Failed to create SQLite pool for Prax benchmarks: {}", e);
                return;
            }
        };

        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("prax_sqlite/db_execution");
        group.sample_size(50);
        group.measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));

        // SELECT by ID
        group.bench_function("select_by_id", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result = conn
                    .query_params(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE id = ?",
                        vec![rusqlite::types::Value::Integer(1)],
                    )
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // SELECT with filters
        group.bench_function("select_filtered", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result = conn
                    .query_params(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE status = ? AND age > ? LIMIT 10",
                        vec![
                            rusqlite::types::Value::Text("active".to_string()),
                            rusqlite::types::Value::Integer(18),
                        ],
                    )
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // COUNT
        group.bench_function("count", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let conn = pool.get().await.unwrap();
                let result = conn
                    .query_params(
                        "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE status = ?",
                        vec![rusqlite::types::Value::Text("active".to_string())],
                    )
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        group.finish();
    }
}

// ==============================================================================
// Diesel-Async Benchmarks
// ==============================================================================

mod diesel_async_benchmarks {
    use super::*;
    use diesel::debug_query;
    use diesel::pg::Pg;
    use diesel::prelude::*;
    use diesel_async::{AsyncConnection, AsyncPgConnection, RunQueryDsl};
    use tokio::runtime::Runtime;

    mod schema {
        diesel::table! {
            users (id) {
                id -> Int8,
                name -> Text,
                email -> Text,
                age -> Int4,
                status -> Text,
                role -> Text,
                verified -> Bool,
                score -> Int4,
                attempts -> Int4,
                deleted -> Bool,
                deleted_at -> Nullable<Timestamp>,
                created_at -> Timestamp,
                updated_at -> Timestamp,
            }
        }
    }

    use schema::users;
    use schema::users::dsl::*;

    #[derive(Queryable, Selectable, Debug)]
    #[diesel(table_name = users)]
    pub struct User {
        pub id: i64,
        pub name: String,
        pub email: String,
        pub age: i32,
        pub status: String,
        pub role: String,
        pub verified: bool,
        pub score: i32,
    }

    #[derive(Insertable)]
    #[diesel(table_name = users)]
    pub struct NewUser<'a> {
        pub name: &'a str,
        pub email: &'a str,
        pub age: i32,
        pub status: &'a str,
        pub role: &'a str,
    }

    /// Benchmark query building (no database)
    pub fn query_building(c: &mut Criterion) {
        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("diesel_async/query_building");

        group.bench_function("simple_select", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let query = users.select((id, name, email)).filter(id.eq(42i64));
                black_box(debug_query::<Pg, _>(&query).to_string())
            })
        });

        group.bench_function("select_with_filters", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let query = users
                    .filter(status.eq("active"))
                    .filter(age.gt(18))
                    .filter(verified.eq(true));
                black_box(debug_query::<Pg, _>(&query).to_string())
            })
        });

        group.bench_function("insert", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let new_user = NewUser {
                    name: "Test User",
                    email: "test@example.com",
                    age: 25,
                    status: "active",
                    role: "user",
                };
                let query = diesel::insert_into(users).values(&new_user);
                black_box(debug_query::<Pg, _>(&query).to_string())
            })
        });

        group.finish();
    }

    /// Benchmark filter construction
    pub fn filter_construction(c: &mut Criterion) {
        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("diesel_async/filter_construction");

        group.bench_function("simple_eq", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let filter: Box<
                    dyn BoxableExpression<users::table, Pg, SqlType = diesel::sql_types::Bool>,
                > = Box::new(id.eq(42i64));
                black_box(filter)
            })
        });

        group.bench_function("and_5", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let filter: Box<
                    dyn BoxableExpression<users::table, Pg, SqlType = diesel::sql_types::Bool>,
                > = Box::new(
                    status
                        .eq("active")
                        .and(age.gt(18))
                        .and(age.lt(65))
                        .and(email.is_not_null())
                        .and(verified.eq(true)),
                );
                black_box(filter)
            })
        });

        group.bench_function("in_100", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let values: Vec<i64> = (0..100).collect();
                let filter: Box<
                    dyn BoxableExpression<users::table, Pg, SqlType = diesel::sql_types::Bool>,
                > = Box::new(id.eq_any(values));
                black_box(filter)
            })
        });

        group.finish();
    }

    /// Benchmark actual database execution (requires running PostgreSQL)
    /// Note: This benchmark creates a new connection per iteration which adds overhead,
    /// but is necessary for criterion's async benchmarking model.
    pub fn database_execution(c: &mut Criterion) {
        if should_skip_db_benchmarks() {
            return;
        }

        let rt = match Runtime::new() {
            Ok(rt) => rt,
            Err(_) => return,
        };

        let url = postgres_url();

        // Test connection first
        let test_result = rt.block_on(async { AsyncPgConnection::establish(&url).await });

        if let Err(e) = test_result {
            eprintln!(
                "Failed to connect to PostgreSQL for diesel-async benchmarks: {}",
                e
            );
            eprintln!(
                "Skipping database execution benchmarks. Start PostgreSQL with: docker compose up -d postgres"
            );
            return;
        }

        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("diesel_async/db_execution");
        group.sample_size(50);
        group.measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));

        let url_clone = url.clone();
        // SELECT by ID - using pool would be better but keeping it simple
        group.bench_function("select_by_id", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| {
                let url = url_clone.clone();
                async move {
                    let mut conn = AsyncPgConnection::establish(&url).await.unwrap();
                    let result: Option<User> = users
                        .filter(id.eq(1i64))
                        .select(User::as_select())
                        .first(&mut conn)
                        .await
                        .optional()
                        .unwrap();
                    black_box(result)
                }
            })
        });

        let url_clone = url.clone();
        // SELECT with filters
        group.bench_function("select_filtered", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| {
                let url = url_clone.clone();
                async move {
                    let mut conn = AsyncPgConnection::establish(&url).await.unwrap();
                    let result: Vec<User> = users
                        .filter(status.eq("active"))
                        .filter(age.gt(18))
                        .limit(10)
                        .select(User::as_select())
                        .load(&mut conn)
                        .await
                        .unwrap();
                    black_box(result)
                }
            })
        });

        let url_clone = url.clone();
        // COUNT
        group.bench_function("count", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| {
                let url = url_clone.clone();
                async move {
                    let mut conn = AsyncPgConnection::establish(&url).await.unwrap();
                    let result: i64 = users
                        .filter(status.eq("active"))
                        .count()
                        .get_result(&mut conn)
                        .await
                        .unwrap();
                    black_box(result)
                }
            })
        });

        group.finish();
    }
}

// ==============================================================================
// SQLx Benchmarks
// ==============================================================================

mod sqlx_benchmarks {
    use super::*;
    use sqlx::postgres::PgPoolOptions;
    use sqlx::{PgPool, Row};
    use tokio::runtime::Runtime;

    #[derive(Debug, sqlx::FromRow)]
    pub struct User {
        pub id: i64,
        pub name: String,
        pub email: String,
        pub age: i32,
        pub status: String,
        pub role: String,
        pub verified: bool,
        pub score: i32,
    }

    /// Benchmark query string building (baseline)
    pub fn query_building(c: &mut Criterion) {
        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("sqlx/query_building");

        group.bench_function("simple_select", |b| {
            b.iter(|| black_box("SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE id = $1".to_string()))
        });

        group.bench_function("select_with_filters", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                black_box(
                    "SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = $1 AND age > $2 AND verified = $3"
                        .to_string(),
                )
            })
        });

        group.bench_function("insert", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                black_box("INSERT INTO users (name, email, age, status, role) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) RETURNING id".to_string())
            })
        });

        group.bench_function("in_100_placeholders", |b| {
            b.iter(|| {
                let placeholders: String = (1..=100)
                    .map(|i| format!("${}", i))
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                    .join(", ");
                black_box(format!(
                    "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN ({})",
                    placeholders
                ))
            })
        });

        group.finish();
    }

    /// Benchmark actual database execution (requires running PostgreSQL)
    pub fn database_execution(c: &mut Criterion) {
        if should_skip_db_benchmarks() {
            return;
        }

        let rt = match Runtime::new() {
            Ok(rt) => rt,
            Err(_) => return,
        };

        let url = postgres_url();

        // Try to establish connection pool
        let pool = match rt
            .block_on(async { PgPoolOptions::new().max_connections(5).connect(&url).await })
        {
            Ok(pool) => pool,
            Err(e) => {
                eprintln!("Failed to connect to PostgreSQL for SQLx benchmarks: {}", e);
                eprintln!(
                    "Skipping database execution benchmarks. Start PostgreSQL with: docker compose up -d postgres"
                );
                return;
            }
        };

        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("sqlx/db_execution");
        group.sample_size(50);
        group.measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));

        // SELECT by ID
        group.bench_function("select_by_id", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let result: Result<Option<User>, _> = sqlx::query_as::<_, User>(
                    "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE id = $1"
                )
                .bind(1i64)
                .fetch_optional(&pool)
                .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // SELECT with filters
        group.bench_function("select_filtered", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let result: Result<Vec<User>, _> = sqlx::query_as::<_, User>(
                    "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE status = $1 AND age > $2 LIMIT 10"
                )
                .bind("active")
                .bind(18)
                .fetch_all(&pool)
                .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // COUNT
        group.bench_function("count", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let result: Result<(i64,), _> =
                    sqlx::query_as("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE status = $1")
                        .bind("active")
                        .fetch_one(&pool)
                        .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        group.finish();

        // Cleanup
        rt.block_on(async {
            pool.close().await;
        });
    }

    /// Benchmark SQLx MySQL database execution
    pub fn mysql_database_execution(c: &mut Criterion) {
        use sqlx::MySqlPool;
        use sqlx::mysql::MySqlPoolOptions;

        if should_skip_db_benchmarks() {
            return;
        }

        let rt = match Runtime::new() {
            Ok(rt) => rt,
            Err(_) => return,
        };

        let url = mysql_url();

        // Try to establish connection pool
        let pool = match rt.block_on(async {
            MySqlPoolOptions::new()
                .max_connections(5)
                .connect(&url)
                .await
        }) {
            Ok(pool) => pool,
            Err(e) => {
                eprintln!("Failed to connect to MySQL for SQLx benchmarks: {}", e);
                eprintln!(
                    "Skipping MySQL benchmarks. Start MySQL with: docker compose up -d mysql"
                );
                return;
            }
        };

        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("sqlx_mysql/db_execution");
        group.sample_size(50);
        group.measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));

        // SELECT by ID
        group.bench_function("select_by_id", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let result: Result<Option<(i64, String, String, i32, String, String, bool, i32)>, _> =
                    sqlx::query_as(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE id = ?"
                    )
                    .bind(1i64)
                    .fetch_optional(&pool)
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // SELECT with filters
        group.bench_function("select_filtered", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let result: Result<Vec<(i64, String, String, i32, String, String, bool, i32)>, _> =
                    sqlx::query_as(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE status = ? AND age > ? LIMIT 10"
                    )
                    .bind("active")
                    .bind(18)
                    .fetch_all(&pool)
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // COUNT
        group.bench_function("count", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let result: Result<(i64,), _> =
                    sqlx::query_as("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE status = ?")
                        .bind("active")
                        .fetch_one(&pool)
                        .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        group.finish();

        // Cleanup
        rt.block_on(async {
            pool.close().await;
        });
    }

    /// Benchmark SQLx SQLite database execution (in-memory)
    pub fn sqlite_database_execution(c: &mut Criterion) {
        use sqlx::SqlitePool;
        use sqlx::sqlite::SqlitePoolOptions;

        if should_skip_db_benchmarks() {
            return;
        }

        let rt = match Runtime::new() {
            Ok(rt) => rt,
            Err(_) => return,
        };

        // Create in-memory pool and seed it
        let pool = match rt.block_on(async {
            let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
                .max_connections(1)
                .connect(":memory:")
                .await?;

            // Create tables
            sqlx::query(
                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
                    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                    name TEXT NOT NULL,
                    email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
                    age INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
                    status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'active',
                    role TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'user',
                    verified INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
                    score INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
                    created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                )"
            )
            .execute(&pool)
            .await?;

            // Seed users
            for i in 1..=1000i32 {
                let status = if i % 10 == 0 { "inactive" } else { "active" };
                let role = if i % 100 == 0 { "admin" } else if i % 20 == 0 { "moderator" } else { "user" };
                let verified: i32 = if i % 3 == 0 { 1 } else { 0 };
                sqlx::query(
                    "INSERT INTO users (name, email, age, status, role, verified, score) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
                )
                .bind(format!("User {}", i))
                .bind(format!("user{}@example.com", i))
                .bind(20 + (i % 50))
                .bind(status)
                .bind(role)
                .bind(verified)
                .bind((i * 17) % 1000)
                .execute(&pool)
                .await?;
            }

            Ok::<_, sqlx::Error>(pool)
        }) {
            Ok(pool) => pool,
            Err(e) => {
                eprintln!("Failed to create SQLite pool for SQLx benchmarks: {}", e);
                return;
            }
        };

        let mut group = c.benchmark_group("sqlx_sqlite/db_execution");
        group.sample_size(50);
        group.measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));

        // SELECT by ID
        group.bench_function("select_by_id", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let result: Result<Option<(i64, String, String, i32, String, String, i32, i32)>, _> =
                    sqlx::query_as(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE id = ?"
                    )
                    .bind(1i64)
                    .fetch_optional(&pool)
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // SELECT with filters
        group.bench_function("select_filtered", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let result: Result<Vec<(i64, String, String, i32, String, String, i32, i32)>, _> =
                    sqlx::query_as(
                        "SELECT id, name, email, age, status, role, verified, score FROM users WHERE status = ? AND age > ? LIMIT 10"
                    )
                    .bind("active")
                    .bind(18)
                    .fetch_all(&pool)
                    .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        // COUNT
        group.bench_function("count", |b| {
            b.to_async(&rt).iter(|| async {
                let result: Result<(i64,), _> =
                    sqlx::query_as("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE status = ?")
                        .bind("active")
                        .fetch_one(&pool)
                        .await;
                black_box(result)
            })
        });

        group.finish();

        // Cleanup
        rt.block_on(async {
            pool.close().await;
        });
    }
}

// ==============================================================================
// Comparison Benchmarks
// ==============================================================================

/// Direct head-to-head comparison of query building
fn bench_query_building_comparison(c: &mut Criterion) {
    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("comparison/query_building");

    // Simple SELECT
    group.bench_function("prax", |b| {
        use prax_query::sql::{FastSqlBuilder, QueryCapacity};
        b.iter(|| {
            let mut builder = FastSqlBuilder::postgres(QueryCapacity::SimpleSelect);
            builder.push_str("SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE id = ");
            builder.bind(42i64);
            black_box(builder.build())
        })
    });

    group.bench_function("diesel", |b| {
        use diesel::debug_query;
        use diesel::pg::Pg;
        use diesel::prelude::*;

        mod diesel_schema {
            diesel::table! {
                users (id) {
                    id -> Int8,
                    name -> Text,
                    email -> Text,
                }
            }
        }
        use diesel_schema::users::dsl::*;

        b.iter(|| {
            let query = users.select((id, name, email)).filter(id.eq(42i64));
            black_box(debug_query::<Pg, _>(&query).to_string())
        })
    });

    group.bench_function("sqlx", |b| {
        b.iter(|| black_box("SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE id = $1".to_string()))
    });

    group.finish();
}

/// Direct head-to-head comparison of filter construction
fn bench_filter_construction_comparison(c: &mut Criterion) {
    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("comparison/filter_construction");

    // AND filter with 5 conditions
    group.bench_function("prax/and_5", |b| {
        use prax_query::filter::{Filter, FilterValue};
        b.iter(|| {
            black_box(Filter::and([
                Filter::Equals("status".into(), FilterValue::String("active".into())),
                Filter::Gt("age".into(), FilterValue::Int(18)),
                Filter::Lt("age".into(), FilterValue::Int(65)),
                Filter::IsNotNull("email".into()),
                Filter::Equals("verified".into(), FilterValue::Bool(true)),
            ]))
        })
    });

    group.bench_function("diesel/and_5", |b| {
        use diesel::pg::Pg;
        use diesel::prelude::*;

        mod diesel_filter_schema {
            diesel::table! {
                users (id) {
                    id -> Int8,
                    age -> Int4,
                    status -> Text,
                    email -> Nullable<Text>,
                    verified -> Bool,
                }
            }
        }
        use diesel_filter_schema::users;
        use diesel_filter_schema::users::dsl::*;

        b.iter(|| {
            let filter: Box<
                dyn BoxableExpression<users::table, Pg, SqlType = diesel::sql_types::Bool>,
            > = Box::new(
                status
                    .eq("active")
                    .and(age.gt(18))
                    .and(age.lt(65))
                    .and(email.is_not_null())
                    .and(verified.eq(true)),
            );
            black_box(filter)
        })
    });

    group.finish();
}

// ==============================================================================
// Criterion Setup
// ==============================================================================

criterion_group!(
    name = query_building_benches;
    config = Criterion::default().sample_size(100);
    targets =
        prax_benchmarks::query_building_select,
        prax_benchmarks::filter_construction,
        diesel_async_benchmarks::query_building,
        diesel_async_benchmarks::filter_construction,
        sqlx_benchmarks::query_building,
        bench_query_building_comparison,
        bench_filter_construction_comparison
);

criterion_group!(
    name = database_execution_benches;
    config = Criterion::default()
        .sample_size(50)
        .measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));
    targets =
        prax_benchmarks::database_execution,
        prax_benchmarks::mysql_database_execution,
        prax_benchmarks::sqlite_database_execution,
        diesel_async_benchmarks::database_execution,
        sqlx_benchmarks::database_execution,
        sqlx_benchmarks::mysql_database_execution,
        sqlx_benchmarks::sqlite_database_execution
);

criterion_main!(query_building_benches, database_execution_benches);