PQC Binary Format v1.0

A standardized, self-describing binary format for post-quantum cryptography encrypted data interchange.

🌟 The Problem

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) implementations suffer from the "Babel Tower problem": different implementations cannot interoperate because there is no standardized format for encrypted data. Each library uses its own proprietary format, making cross-platform and cross-language encryption impossible.

💡 The Solution

PQC Binary Format v1.0 provides a universal, algorithm-agnostic format that:

✅ Works across 28+ cryptographic algorithms
✅ Self-describing metadata enables seamless decryption
✅ Integrity verification with SHA-256 checksums
✅ Cross-platform compatible (Rust, Python, JavaScript, Go, etc.)
✅ Future-proof design allows algorithm migration
✅ Zero dependencies except serde and sha2

🚀 Quick Start

Add to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
pqc-binary-format = "1.0"

Basic Usage

use pqc_binary_format::{PqcBinaryFormat, Algorithm, PqcMetadata, EncParameters};
use std::collections::HashMap;

// Create metadata with encryption parameters
let metadata = PqcMetadata {
    enc_params: EncParameters {
        iv: vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12],  // 12-byte nonce
        tag: vec![0; 16],                                  // 16-byte auth tag
        params: HashMap::new(),
    },
    ..Default::default()
};

// Create encrypted data container
let encrypted_data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];  // Your encrypted bytes
let format = PqcBinaryFormat::new(Algorithm::Hybrid, metadata, encrypted_data);

// Serialize to bytes (for transmission or storage)
let bytes = format.to_bytes().unwrap();

// Deserialize from bytes (includes automatic checksum verification)
let recovered = PqcBinaryFormat::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();

assert_eq!(format, recovered);
println!("Algorithm: {}", recovered.algorithm().name());

📦 Binary Format Specification

+-------------------+
| Magic (4 bytes)   | "PQC\x01" - Format identifier
+-------------------+
| Version (1 byte)  | 0x01 - Format version
+-------------------+
| Algorithm (2 bytes)| Algorithm identifier (0x0050 - 0x0506)
+-------------------+
| Flags (1 byte)    | Feature flags (compression, streaming, etc.)
+-------------------+
| Metadata Len (4)  | Length of metadata section
+-------------------+
| Data Len (8)      | Length of encrypted payload
+-------------------+
| Metadata (var)    | Algorithm-specific parameters
+-------------------+
| Data (var)        | Encrypted data
+-------------------+
| Checksum (32)     | SHA-256 integrity checksum
+-------------------+

🔐 Supported Algorithms

The format supports 28 cryptographic algorithm identifiers:

Classical Algorithms

Classical (0x0050): X25519 + Ed25519 + AES-256-GCM
Password Classical (0x0051): Password-based encryption

Hybrid Algorithms

Hybrid (0x0100): ML-KEM-1024 + X25519 + ML-DSA-87 + Ed25519

Post-Quantum Algorithms

Post-Quantum (0x0200): ML-KEM-1024 + ML-DSA-87
ML-KEM-1024 (0x0202): Pure ML-KEM with AES-256-GCM
Multi-KEM (0x0203): Dual-layer KEM
Multi-KEM Triple (0x0204): Triple-layer KEM
Quad-Layer (0x0205): Four independent layers
PQ3-Stack (0x0207): Forward secrecy stack

Max Secure Series (0x0300-0x0306)

High-security configurations for enterprise use

FN-DSA Series (0x0400-0x0407)

Falcon-based signature algorithms

Experimental (0x0500-0x0506)

Research and next-generation algorithms

View full algorithm list

🎯 Features

Feature Flags

Control optional behavior with feature flags:

use pqc_binary_format::{PqcBinaryFormat, Algorithm, FormatFlags, PqcMetadata, EncParameters};
use std::collections::HashMap;

let flags = FormatFlags::new()
    .with_compression()       // Data was compressed before encryption
    .with_streaming()         // Streaming encryption mode
    .with_additional_auth();  // Additional authentication layer

let metadata = PqcMetadata {
    enc_params: EncParameters {
        iv: vec![1; 12],
        tag: vec![1; 16],
        params: HashMap::new(),
    },
    ..Default::default()
};

let format = PqcBinaryFormat::with_flags(
    Algorithm::QuadLayer,
    flags,
    metadata,
    vec![1, 2, 3],
);

assert!(format.flags().has_compression());
assert!(format.flags().has_streaming());

Metadata Structure

The format includes rich metadata for decryption:

use pqc_binary_format::{PqcMetadata, KemParameters, SigParameters, EncParameters, CompressionParameters};
use std::collections::HashMap;

let metadata = PqcMetadata {
    // Key Encapsulation (optional)
    kem_params: Some(KemParameters {
        public_key: vec![/* ML-KEM public key */],
        ciphertext: vec![/* encapsulated key */],
        params: HashMap::new(),
    }),

    // Digital Signature (optional)
    sig_params: Some(SigParameters {
        public_key: vec![/* ML-DSA public key */],
        signature: vec![/* signature bytes */],
        params: HashMap::new(),
    }),

    // Symmetric Encryption (required)
    enc_params: EncParameters {
        iv: vec![1; 12],              // Nonce/IV
        tag: vec![1; 16],             // AEAD auth tag
        params: HashMap::new(),
    },

    // Compression (optional)
    compression_params: Some(CompressionParameters {
        algorithm: "zstd".to_string(),
        level: 3,
        original_size: 1024,
        params: HashMap::new(),
    }),

    // Custom parameters (extensible)
    custom: HashMap::new(),
};

Custom Parameters

Add your own metadata:

use pqc_binary_format::PqcMetadata;

let mut metadata = PqcMetadata::new();
metadata.add_custom("my_param".to_string(), vec![1, 2, 3]);

// Later...
if let Some(value) = metadata.get_custom("my_param") {
    println!("Custom param: {:?}", value);
}

🔍 Integrity Verification

Every format includes a SHA-256 checksum calculated over all fields:

use pqc_binary_format::PqcBinaryFormat;

let bytes = format.to_bytes().unwrap();

// Tamper with the data
// let mut corrupted = bytes.clone();
// corrupted[50] ^= 0xFF;

// Deserialization automatically verifies checksum
match PqcBinaryFormat::from_bytes(&bytes) {
    Ok(format) => println!("✓ Checksum valid"),
    Err(e) => println!("✗ Checksum failed: {}", e),
}

📚 Examples

Example 1: Basic Encryption Format

use pqc_binary_format::{PqcBinaryFormat, Algorithm, PqcMetadata, EncParameters};
use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
    let metadata = PqcMetadata {
        enc_params: EncParameters {
            iv: vec![1; 12],
            tag: vec![1; 16],
            params: HashMap::new(),
        },
        ..Default::default()
    };

    let format = PqcBinaryFormat::new(
        Algorithm::Hybrid,
        metadata,
        vec![/* your encrypted data */],
    );

    // Save to file
    let bytes = format.to_bytes().unwrap();
    std::fs::write("encrypted.pqc", &bytes).unwrap();

    // Load from file
    let loaded_bytes = std::fs::read("encrypted.pqc").unwrap();
    let loaded = PqcBinaryFormat::from_bytes(&loaded_bytes).unwrap();

    println!("Algorithm: {}", loaded.algorithm().name());
}

Example 2: Cross-Language Interoperability

Rust (Encryption)

let format = PqcBinaryFormat::new(Algorithm::PostQuantum, metadata, data);
let bytes = format.to_bytes().unwrap();
// Send bytes to Python

Python (Decryption)

from pqc_binary_format import PqcBinaryFormat

format = PqcBinaryFormat.from_bytes(bytes)
print(f"Algorithm: {format.algorithm.name}")
print(f"Data: {format.data}")

Note: Python bindings coming soon!

Example 3: Algorithm Migration

// Old data encrypted with Classical algorithm
let old_format = PqcBinaryFormat::from_bytes(&old_encrypted_data)?;
assert_eq!(old_format.algorithm(), Algorithm::Classical);

// Re-encrypt with Post-Quantum algorithm
let plaintext = decrypt_with_classical(&old_format)?;
let new_metadata = create_pq_metadata()?;
let new_format = PqcBinaryFormat::new(
    Algorithm::PostQuantum,
    new_metadata,
    encrypt_with_pq(&plaintext)?,
);

// Same format, different algorithm!

🎓 Use Cases

1. Cross-Platform Encryption

Encrypt in Rust, decrypt in Python, JavaScript, or Go using the same format.

2. Long-Term Archival

Self-describing format ensures data can be decrypted decades later even as algorithms evolve.

3. Algorithm Agility

Switch between algorithms without changing application code.

4. Compliance & Audit

Embedded metadata provides audit trail for regulatory compliance (GDPR, HIPAA, etc.).

5. Research & Benchmarking

Standardized format enables fair comparison of PQC algorithm performance.

🧪 Testing

# Run tests
cargo test

# Run tests with output
cargo test -- --nocapture

# Run specific test
cargo test test_binary_format_roundtrip

📊 Benchmarks

# Run benchmarks
cargo bench

# View benchmark results
open target/criterion/report/index.html

Performance characteristics:

Serialization: ~50 MB/s for typical payloads
Deserialization: ~45 MB/s (includes checksum verification)
Overhead: ~100 bytes + metadata size

🔧 Development

Building from Source

git clone https://github.com/PQCrypta/pqcrypta-community.git
cd pqcrypta-community
cargo build --release

Running Examples

cargo run --example basic_usage
cargo run --example with_compression
cargo run --example cross_platform

🤝 Contributing

We welcome contributions! See CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines.

Areas for Contribution

Language Bindings: Python, JavaScript, Go, C/C++
Documentation: Tutorials, guides, examples
Testing: Additional test cases, fuzzing
Performance: Optimization PRs welcome
Standards: Help draft RFC for IETF submission

📄 License

Licensed under either of:

MIT License (LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)

at your option.

🙏 Acknowledgments

This format was developed as part of the PQCrypta enterprise post-quantum cryptography platform. Special thanks to:

NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Project
The Rust cryptography community
Contributors to pqcrypto, ring, and other foundational crates

📖 References

🔗 Related Projects

pqcrypto - Rust PQC implementations
Open Quantum Safe - PQC library collection
CIRCL - Cloudflare's crypto library

💬 Community & Support

GitHub Issues: Report bugs
Discussions: Ask questions
Website: pqcrypta.com
Documentation: docs.rs/pqc-binary-format

Made with ❤️ by the PQCrypta Community

Securing the future, one byte at a time.

pqc-binary-format 1.0.2