powerio-dist 0.11.7

//! [`MulticonductorNetwork`] into PMD ENGINEERING JSON.
//!
//! The output reproduces what PMD's own dss2eng emits for the same network
//! wherever the model carries the data: terminal integers, `ENABLED`
//! status, `source_id`, the materialized grounded neutral with zero
//! `rg`/`xg`, linecode `cm_ub` from the emergency rating, transformer
//! `tm_*` tap fields, the delta wye barrel roll with `polarity` -1 on the
//! lagging wye winding, and explicit voltage source Thevenin matrices
//! retained from PMD input. Typed ideal sources emit zero impedance; DSS
//! source impedance is carried by a separate typed line. The reader's `pmd_*` stashes (status, settings, files, grounding and switch
//! impedance, tap arrays, polarity, inline line impedance) win over the
//! recomputed defaults, so PMD in, PMD out does not alter fields.

use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};

use serde_json::{Map, Value, json};

use crate::convert::TextEmission;
use crate::diagnostics::codes as C;
use crate::geo::CoordinateSpace;
use crate::model::{
    ConductorMatrix, Configuration, DistBus, DistLine, DistLineCode, DistLoadVoltageModel,
    DistTransformer, DistWinding, DistWindingConn, Extras, MulticonductorNetwork, VoltageSource,
};

/// Emits the ENGINEERING document.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Never in practice: the document is maps, strings, finite numbers, and
/// nulls, which always serialize.
pub(crate) fn emit_pmd_json_text(net: &MulticonductorNetwork) -> TextEmission {
    let retained = retained_sections(net);
    let mut w = Writer {
        warnings: crate::diagnostics::Diagnostics::new(),
        renamed_terminals: renamed_terminals(net),
        time_series: retained
            .get("time_series")
            .map(|items| items.keys().cloned().collect())
            .unwrap_or_default(),
        retained,
    };
    for source in net
        .sources()
        .iter()
        .filter(|source| source.energy_cost_rate.is_some())
    {
        w.warn(
            &C::EMIT_PMD_FIELD_DROPPED,
            format!(
                "voltage source {}: energy_cost_rate has no target field",
                source.name
            ),
        );
    }
    let doc = w.document(net);
    TextEmission::new(
        serde_json::to_string_pretty(&doc).expect("maps and finite numbers") + "\n",
        Vec::new(),
        w.warnings,
    )
}

/// Upper bound on the conductor counts this writer expands quadratically:
/// the switch series and shunt matrices and the voltage source Thevenin
/// matrices are all sized from a terminal map, a linear model array. The
/// readers cap the same quantity on their way in, but callers can construct a
/// `MulticonductorNetwork` without those caps, and a linear-size model could
/// otherwise demand O(n²) memory here. No physical element comes near this
/// bound.
const MAX_DIM: usize = 64;

struct Writer {
    warnings: crate::diagnostics::Diagnostics,
    /// One id per terminal name that is not numeric, for the whole network.
    renamed_terminals: BTreeMap<String, i64>,
    /// ENGINEERING sections the PMD reader kept untyped (`time_series`, say),
    /// by section and then by name, as the source stated them.
    retained: BTreeMap<String, Map<String, Value>>,
    /// The names of the time series the output carries, so a component's
    /// `time_series` references are emitted only when they resolve.
    time_series: BTreeSet<String>,
}

/// The sections the PMD reader kept untyped, decoded back to JSON. Only a
/// network read from PMD JSON carries them: there an untyped object is one
/// ENGINEERING component whose single unnamed property is the component's
/// JSON text. Untyped objects from other formats (an OpenDSS `loadshape`)
/// have no ENGINEERING form and stay out.
fn retained_sections(net: &MulticonductorNetwork) -> BTreeMap<String, Map<String, Value>> {
    let mut sections: BTreeMap<String, Map<String, Value>> = BTreeMap::new();
    if *net.source_format() != Some(crate::model::DistSourceFormat::PmdJson) {
        return sections;
    }
    for u in net.untyped_objects() {
        if let [(None, text)] = u.props.as_slice()
            && let Ok(value) = serde_json::from_str::<Value>(text)
        {
            sections
                .entry(u.class.clone())
                .or_default()
                .insert(u.name.clone(), value);
        }
    }
    sections
}

/// One id for each terminal name in the network that PMD cannot spell.
///
/// PMD requires integer connections. A name such as `n` therefore needs an
/// id, and that id must be the same everywhere the name appears, or two
/// elements at one bus stop sharing a conductor. Each name takes the
/// smallest positive integer that no numeric terminal name already uses, so
/// the ids stay as small as the model allows: an id far above the conductor
/// count would drive the `conductor_ids` enumeration to its cap and produce
/// a document with 64 conductors for a 4 conductor network.
///
/// Counting up from the largest numeric name would look simpler, but a
/// document may name a terminal `9223372036854775807`. That saturates every
/// id to the same value, and two conductors then merge into one. Taking the
/// smallest free integer cannot collide and cannot overflow: the search
/// stops after at most one step per terminal already in the document.
fn renamed_terminals(net: &MulticonductorNetwork) -> BTreeMap<String, i64> {
    let mut used = BTreeSet::new();
    let mut names = BTreeSet::new();
    for terminal in all_terminal_names(net) {
        match terminal.parse::<i64>() {
            Ok(value) => {
                used.insert(value);
            }
            Err(_) => {
                names.insert(terminal.to_string());
            }
        }
    }
    let mut out = BTreeMap::new();
    let mut next = 1i64;
    for name in names {
        while used.contains(&next) {
            next += 1;
        }
        used.insert(next);
        out.insert(name, next);
        next += 1;
    }
    out
}

/// Linecode lookup by name, built once rather than searched per line:
/// `net.linecode()` is a linear scan, and a line runs it once each.
fn linecodes_by_name(net: &MulticonductorNetwork) -> BTreeMap<String, &DistLineCode> {
    let mut by_name = BTreeMap::new();
    for c in net.line_codes() {
        by_name.entry(c.name.to_ascii_lowercase()).or_insert(c);
    }
    by_name
}

/// Bus lookup by id, built once rather than searched per load: `net.bus()`
/// is a linear scan, and a single phase load runs it once each.
fn buses_by_id(net: &MulticonductorNetwork) -> BTreeMap<String, &DistBus> {
    let mut by_id = BTreeMap::new();
    for b in net.buses() {
        by_id.entry(b.id.to_ascii_lowercase()).or_insert(b);
    }
    by_id
}

impl Writer {
    /// Terminal names as PMD integer connections. A name that is not numeric
    /// takes the id [`renamed_terminals`] gave it, so the same name is the
    /// same conductor everywhere in the document.
    fn conns(&mut self, map: &[String], what: &str) -> Vec<i64> {
        map.iter()
            .map(|t| {
                if let Ok(value) = t.parse::<i64>() {
                    return value;
                }
                let id = self.renamed_terminals.get(t).copied().unwrap_or(0);
                self.warnings.push(
                    &C::EMIT_PMD_VALUE_SUBSTITUTED,
                    format!("{what}: terminal `{t}` is not numeric; emitted as {id}"),
                );
                id
            })
            .collect()
    }
}

fn all_terminal_names(net: &MulticonductorNetwork) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
    let maps = net
        .lines()
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|l| [&l.terminal_map_from, &l.terminal_map_to])
        .chain(
            net.switches()
                .iter()
                .flat_map(|s| [&s.terminal_map_from, &s.terminal_map_to]),
        )
        .chain(net.loads().iter().map(|l| &l.terminal_map))
        .chain(net.generators().iter().map(|g| &g.terminal_map))
        .chain(net.capacitors().iter().map(|c| &c.terminal_map))
        .chain(net.shunts().iter().map(|s| &s.terminal_map))
        .chain(net.sources().iter().map(|s| &s.terminal_map))
        .chain(net.ibrs().iter().map(|i| &i.terminal_map))
        .chain(
            net.transformers()
                .iter()
                .flat_map(|t| t.windings.iter().map(|w| &w.terminal_map)),
        );
    net.buses()
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|b| [&b.terminals, &b.grounded])
        .chain(maps)
        .flat_map(|m| m.iter().map(String::as_str))
}

/// A matrix as PMD serializes it: array of columns (`hcat` rebuilds it).
/// Rows shorter than the row count read as 0, so a degenerate model matrix
/// emits a square block instead of panicking.
/// The susceptance matrix of one rated capacitor bank over its own
/// conductors, siemens: the nameplate reactive power at the nameplate
/// voltage, the same equivalence the multiconductor admittance builder
/// stamps. Wye nameplate voltage is line to line with the neutral mapped
/// last; delta couples successive phase pairs; single phase spans its two
/// terminals.
fn capacitor_susceptance(
    c: &crate::model::DistCapacitor,
) -> std::result::Result<ConductorMatrix, String> {
    let finite_positive = |v: f64| v.is_finite() && v > 0.0;
    if !finite_positive(c.v_nom) || !c.q_rated.is_finite() {
        return Err("nameplate q_rated or v_nom is missing or nonpositive".into());
    }
    let n = c.terminal_map.len();
    let mut bs = vec![vec![0.0; n]; n];
    let mut couple = |a: usize, b: usize, y: f64| {
        bs[a][a] += y;
        bs[b][b] += y;
        bs[a][b] -= y;
        bs[b][a] -= y;
    };
    match c.configuration {
        crate::model::Configuration::SinglePhase => {
            if n != 2 {
                return Err(format!("single phase bank maps {n} terminals"));
            }
            couple(0, 1, c.q_rated / (c.v_nom * c.v_nom));
        }
        crate::model::Configuration::Wye => {
            let phases = n.saturating_sub(1);
            if phases == 0 {
                return Err("wye bank maps no phase terminal".into());
            }
            let v_ln = c.v_nom / 3f64.sqrt();
            let b = c.q_rated / (phases as f64) / (v_ln * v_ln);
            for phase in 0..phases {
                couple(phase, phases, b);
            }
        }
        crate::model::Configuration::Delta => {
            if n < 2 {
                return Err(format!("delta bank maps {n} terminals"));
            }
            // Two terminals form one phase-to-phase leg, not two; divide the
            // rated power by the legs actually stamped.
            let loops = if n == 2 { 1 } else { n };
            let b = c.q_rated / (loops as f64) / (c.v_nom * c.v_nom);
            for pair in 0..loops {
                couple(pair, (pair + 1) % n, b);
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(bs)
}

fn matrix(m: &ConductorMatrix) -> Value {
    let n = m.len();
    let cols: Vec<Value> = (0..n)
        .map(|j| {
            Value::Array(
                (0..n)
                    .map(|i| json!(m[i].get(j).copied().unwrap_or(0.0)))
                    .collect(),
            )
        })
        .collect();
    Value::Array(cols)
}

fn zero_matrix(n: usize) -> ConductorMatrix {
    vec![vec![0.0; n]; n]
}

/// A shunt whose stashed `conn` marks it a delta (line to line) bank.
fn shunt_is_delta(extras: &Extras) -> bool {
    extras
        .get("conn")
        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
        .is_some_and(|t| t.to_ascii_lowercase().starts_with('d') || t.eq_ignore_ascii_case("ll"))
}

fn scale(m: &ConductorMatrix, k: f64) -> ConductorMatrix {
    m.iter()
        .map(|row| row.iter().map(|v| v * k).collect())
        .collect()
}

impl Writer {
    fn warn(&mut self, info: &'static crate::diagnostics::DiagnosticInfo, msg: impl Into<String>) {
        self.warnings.push(info, msg);
    }

    /// The dimension a matrix is materialized at, clamped to [`MAX_DIM`]
    /// with a diagnostic naming the element.
    fn bounded_dim(&mut self, n: usize, what: &str) -> usize {
        if n > MAX_DIM {
            self.warn(
                &C::EMIT_PMD_VALUE_CLAMPED,
                format!(
                    "{what}: {n} conductors exceed the supported maximum of \
                 {MAX_DIM}; matrices emitted at {MAX_DIM}"
                ),
            );
            MAX_DIM
        } else {
            n
        }
    }

    /// Reports extras the ENGINEERING model has no field for. `consumed`
    /// names keys a field already represents; `pmd_*` bookkeeping and the
    /// BMOPF subtype marker pass silently.
    fn extras_dropped(&mut self, extras: &crate::model::Extras, consumed: &[&str], what: &str) {
        for key in extras.keys() {
            // `time_series` is reported by `time_series_refs`.
            if consumed.contains(&key.as_str())
                || key.starts_with("pmd_")
                || key == "bmopf_subtype"
                || key == "time_series"
            {
                continue;
            }
            self.warn(
                &C::EMIT_PMD_FIELD_DROPPED,
                format!("{what}: `{key}` has no ENGINEERING field; dropped from the output"),
            );
        }
    }

    /// A component's ENGINEERING `time_series` field, which maps a component
    /// field to the name of a document level time series. It is emitted when
    /// every name it references is a time series the output carries, and
    /// reported as dropped otherwise, since PMD rejects a dangling reference.
    fn time_series_refs(&mut self, extras: &Extras, o: &mut Map<String, Value>, what: &str) {
        let Some(refs) = extras.get("time_series") else {
            return;
        };
        let resolves = refs.as_object().is_some_and(|fields| {
            fields
                .values()
                .all(|name| name.as_str().is_some_and(|n| self.time_series.contains(n)))
        });
        if resolves {
            o.insert("time_series".into(), refs.clone());
        } else {
            self.warn(
                &C::EMIT_PMD_FIELD_DROPPED,
                format!(
                    "{what}: `time_series` references a time series the output does not \
                     carry; dropped from the output"
                ),
            );
        }
    }

    fn extras_f64(extras: &Extras, key: &str) -> Option<f64> {
        extras.get(key).and_then(|v| {
            v.as_f64()
                .or_else(|| v.as_str().and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()))
        })
    }

    /// The element status: the reader's stash when the source carried a non
    /// ENABLED status, `ENABLED` otherwise.
    fn status(extras: &Extras) -> Value {
        extras
            .get("pmd_status")
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| json!("ENABLED"))
    }

    fn bus_coordinates(
        &mut self,
        o: &mut Map<String, Value>,
        b: &DistBus,
        net: &MulticonductorNetwork,
    ) {
        if let Some(location) = b.location {
            if !matches!(
                net.geo().as_ref().map(|geo| &geo.space),
                Some(CoordinateSpace::Geographic { .. })
            ) {
                self.warnings.push(&C::EMIT_PMD_FIELD_DROPPED, format!(
                    "bus {}: non-geographic or undeclared location is not emitted to PMD lon/lat",
                    b.id
                ));
                return;
            }
            if location.x.is_finite() && location.y.is_finite() {
                o.insert("lon".into(), json!(location.x));
                o.insert("lat".into(), json!(location.y));
            } else {
                self.warnings.push(
                    &C::EMIT_PMD_FIELD_DROPPED,
                    format!(
                        "bus {}: nonfinite location is not emitted to PMD JSON",
                        b.id
                    ),
                );
            }
            return;
        }
        if let Some(x) = Self::extras_f64(&b.extras, "x") {
            o.insert("lon".into(), json!(x));
        }
        if let Some(y) = Self::extras_f64(&b.extras, "y") {
            o.insert("lat".into(), json!(y));
        }
    }

    // One block per object field; splitting it would scatter a list that
    // reads end to end.
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_lines)]
    fn document(&mut self, net: &MulticonductorNetwork) -> Value {
        let mut doc = Map::new();
        doc.insert("data_model".into(), json!("ENGINEERING"));
        doc.insert(
            "name".into(),
            json!(net.name().clone().unwrap_or_default().to_lowercase()),
        );
        doc.insert(
            "files".into(),
            net.extras()
                .get("pmd_files")
                .cloned()
                .unwrap_or_else(|| json!([])),
        );

        // The reader's stash wins; synthesis covers dss/bmopf sourced
        // models.
        let settings = net
            .extras()
            .get("pmd_settings")
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| synthesized_settings(net));
        doc.insert("settings".into(), settings);

        // `conductor_ids` enumerates 1..=max, so its length is the numeric
        // value of a terminal name rather than a count of anything. A single
        // terminal named `4444444444444444` would ask for petabytes, so the
        // enumeration is clamped like every other model driven dimension.
        // A terminal name that is not numeric holds an id from
        // `renamed_terminals`. Those ids are the smallest free positive
        // integers, so a numeric name does not bound them and the enumeration
        // must include them explicitly. Without them the document lists fewer
        // conductors than its own `connections` arrays use, and a read back
        // and rewrite then produces a longer list.
        let max_conductor = net
            .buses()
            .iter()
            .flat_map(|b| &b.terminals)
            .filter_map(|t| t.parse::<i64>().ok())
            .chain(self.renamed_terminals.values().copied())
            .max()
            .unwrap_or(4);
        let max_dim = i64::try_from(MAX_DIM).expect("MAX_DIM is small");
        if max_conductor > max_dim {
            self.warn(
                &C::EMIT_PMD_VALUE_CLAMPED,
                format!(
                    "terminal {max_conductor} exceeds the supported maximum conductor id \
                 of {MAX_DIM}; conductor_ids enumerated to {MAX_DIM}"
                ),
            );
        }
        let max_conductor = max_conductor.clamp(4, max_dim);
        doc.insert(
            "conductor_ids".into(),
            Value::Array((1..=max_conductor).map(|i| json!(i)).collect()),
        );

        let mut buses = Map::new();
        for b in net.buses() {
            let mut o = Map::new();
            o.insert(
                "terminals".into(),
                json!(self.conns(&b.terminals, &format!("bus {}", b.id))),
            );
            let grounded = self.conns(&b.grounded, &format!("bus {}", b.id));
            // Nonzero grounding impedance rides in extras (the reader's
            // stash); zero vectors are the materialized default.
            for key in ["rg", "xg"] {
                let v = b
                    .extras
                    .get(key)
                    .cloned()
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| json!(vec![0.0; grounded.len()]));
                o.insert(key.into(), v);
            }
            o.insert("grounded".into(), json!(grounded));
            o.insert("status".into(), Self::status(&b.extras));
            self.bus_coordinates(&mut o, b, net);
            let phase_indices = b.phase_indices(net.extras().get("bmopf_terminal_conventions"));
            for (key, scalar, phases, default) in [
                ("vm_lb", b.v_min, &b.v_min_phase, 0.0),
                ("vm_ub", b.v_max, &b.v_max_phase, f64::INFINITY),
            ] {
                let retained = b.extras.get(&format!("pmd_{key}"));
                let mut values = retained
                    .and_then(Value::as_array)
                    .cloned()
                    .filter(|values| values.len() == b.terminals.len())
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| vec![json!(default); b.terminals.len()]);
                if scalar.is_some() || phases.is_some() {
                    for (phase, &terminal) in phase_indices.iter().enumerate() {
                        if let Some(v) =
                            scalar.or_else(|| phases.as_ref().and_then(|v| v.get(phase)).copied())
                        {
                            values[terminal] = json!(v / 1e3);
                        }
                    }
                    o.insert(key.into(), Value::Array(values));
                } else if let Some(retained) = retained {
                    o.insert(key.into(), retained.clone());
                }
            }
            // The phase-to-neutral, phase-to-phase, and sequence bound families
            // have no ENGINEERING analog; they drop loudly.
            for (key, present) in [
                ("vpn_min", b.vpn_min.is_some()),
                ("vpn_max", b.vpn_max.is_some()),
                ("vpp_min", b.vpp_min.is_some()),
                ("vpp_max", b.vpp_max.is_some()),
                ("vpos_min", b.vpos_min.is_some()),
                ("vpos_max", b.vpos_max.is_some()),
                ("vneg_max", b.vneg_max.is_some()),
                ("vzero_max", b.vzero_max.is_some()),
                ("vn_max", b.vn_max.is_some()),
            ] {
                if present {
                    self.warn(
                        &C::EMIT_PMD_FIELD_DROPPED,
                        format!(
                            "bus {}: `{key}` volt bounds have no ENGINEERING field; dropped",
                            b.id
                        ),
                    );
                }
            }
            buses.insert(b.id.to_lowercase(), Value::Object(o));
        }
        doc.insert("bus".into(), Value::Object(buses));

        self.line_codes(net, &mut doc);
        self.branches(net, &mut doc);
        self.injections(net, &mut doc);
        self.transformers(net, &mut doc);

        for u in net.untyped_objects() {
            let retained = self
                .retained
                .get(&u.class)
                .is_some_and(|items| items.contains_key(&u.name));
            if !retained {
                self.warn(
                    &C::EMIT_PMD_RECORD_DROPPED,
                    format!(
                        "{} {}: class is not converted to ENGINEERING; dropped from the output",
                        u.class, u.name
                    ),
                );
            }
        }
        for (class, items) in std::mem::take(&mut self.retained) {
            match doc.get_mut(&class) {
                None => {
                    doc.insert(class, Value::Object(items));
                }
                Some(Value::Object(section)) => {
                    for (name, value) in items {
                        if section.contains_key(&name) {
                            self.warn(
                                &C::EMIT_PMD_RECORD_DROPPED,
                                format!(
                                    "{class} {name}: the typed component of the same name \
                                     takes its place; the retained one is dropped"
                                ),
                            );
                        } else {
                            section.insert(name, value);
                        }
                    }
                }
                Some(_) => {
                    for name in items.keys() {
                        self.warn(
                            &C::EMIT_PMD_RECORD_DROPPED,
                            format!(
                                "{class} {name}: `{class}` is not a component section in the \
                                 output; dropped"
                            ),
                        );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        // Top level values the reader kept (PMD's `time_elapsed`, say).
        if let Some(Value::Object(top_level)) = net.extras().get("pmd_top_level") {
            for (key, value) in top_level {
                if !doc.contains_key(key) {
                    doc.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
                }
            }
        }
        Value::Object(doc)
    }

    fn line_codes(&mut self, net: &MulticonductorNetwork, doc: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
        // Linecodes the reader materialized from inline line impedance
        // re-inline on the line; they are skipped here unless a line
        // without the marker also references them.
        let inlined = inlined_codes(net);
        let mut codes = Map::new();
        for c in net.line_codes() {
            if inlined.contains(&c.name.to_lowercase()) {
                continue;
            }
            let mut o = Map::new();
            insert_impedance_matrices(&mut o, c, net.base_frequency());
            if let Some(i_max) = &c.i_max {
                o.insert("cm_ub".into(), json!(i_max));
            }
            if let Some(s_max) = &c.s_max {
                o.insert("sm_ub".into(), json!(s_max));
            }
            if c.source.is_some() {
                self.warn(
                    &C::EMIT_PMD_FIELD_DROPPED,
                    format!(
                        "linecode {}: matrix provenance `source` has no ENGINEERING field; dropped",
                        c.name
                    ),
                );
            }
            codes.insert(c.name.to_lowercase(), Value::Object(o));
        }
        if !codes.is_empty() {
            doc.insert("linecode".into(), Value::Object(codes));
        }
    }

    /// Line-level ratings (BMOPF `i_max`/`s_max`) map onto the ENGINEERING
    /// line's own `cm_ub`/`sm_ub` slots.
    fn line_ratings(o: &mut Map<String, Value>, l: &DistLine) {
        if let Some(i_max) = &l.i_max {
            o.insert("cm_ub".into(), json!(i_max));
        }
        if let Some(s_max) = &l.s_max {
            o.insert("sm_ub".into(), json!(s_max));
        }
    }

    // Two lines over the pedantic ceiling after the index lookup landed;
    // the function is one linear pass and splitting it hides the flow.
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
    fn branches(&mut self, net: &MulticonductorNetwork, doc: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
        if !net.lines().is_empty() {
            let mut lines = Map::new();
            let linecodes_by_name = linecodes_by_name(net);
            for l in net.lines() {
                let mut o = Map::new();
                o.insert("f_bus".into(), json!(l.bus_from.to_lowercase()));
                o.insert("t_bus".into(), json!(l.bus_to.to_lowercase()));
                let what = format!("line {}", l.name);
                o.insert(
                    "f_connections".into(),
                    json!(self.conns(&l.terminal_map_from, &what)),
                );
                o.insert(
                    "t_connections".into(),
                    json!(self.conns(&l.terminal_map_to, &what)),
                );
                o.insert("length".into(), json!(l.length));
                // A line the reader materialized a linecode for re-inlines
                // its impedance, the dss2eng shape for rmatrix defined
                // lines: matrices on the line, no linecode key.
                let inline = l.extras.get("pmd_inline").and_then(Value::as_bool) == Some(true);
                let lc = linecodes_by_name.get(l.linecode.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str());
                match lc.copied() {
                    Some(c) if inline => {
                        insert_impedance_matrices(&mut o, c, net.base_frequency());
                        if let Some(i_max) = &c.i_max {
                            o.insert("cm_ub".into(), json!(i_max));
                        }
                        if let Some(s_max) = &c.s_max {
                            o.insert("sm_ub".into(), json!(s_max));
                        }
                    }
                    _ => {
                        if inline {
                            self.warn(&C::EMIT_PMD_VALUE_SUBSTITUTED, format!(
                                "{what}: linecode `{}` is missing; emitted the reference instead of inline impedance",
                                l.linecode
                            ));
                        }
                        o.insert("linecode".into(), json!(l.linecode.to_lowercase()));
                    }
                }
                Self::line_ratings(&mut o, l);
                o.insert("status".into(), Self::status(&l.extras));
                o.insert(
                    "source_id".into(),
                    json!(format!("line.{}", l.name.to_lowercase())),
                );
                self.time_series_refs(&l.extras, &mut o, &what);
                self.extras_dropped(&l.extras, &["units"], &what);
                lines.insert(l.name.to_lowercase(), Value::Object(o));
            }
            doc.insert("line".into(), Value::Object(lines));
        }

        if !net.switches().is_empty() {
            let mut switches = Map::new();
            for s in net.switches() {
                let mut o = Map::new();
                let what = format!("switch {}", s.name);
                let n = self.bounded_dim(s.terminal_map_from.len(), &what);
                o.insert("f_bus".into(), json!(s.bus_from.to_lowercase()));
                o.insert("t_bus".into(), json!(s.bus_to.to_lowercase()));
                o.insert(
                    "f_connections".into(),
                    json!(self.conns(&s.terminal_map_from, &what)),
                );
                o.insert(
                    "t_connections".into(),
                    json!(self.conns(&s.terminal_map_to, &what)),
                );
                // The reader's stash carries the source's series matrices;
                // otherwise PMD models a dss switch as a tiny series
                // resistance, 1e-4 ohm/m over the forced 0.001 m length
                // (the product form keeps the value bit identical).
                let rs = s.extras.get("pmd_rs").cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| {
                    let mut rs = zero_matrix(n);
                    for (i, row) in rs.iter_mut().enumerate() {
                        row[i] = 1e-4 * 0.001;
                    }
                    matrix(&rs)
                });
                o.insert("rs".into(), rs);
                let xs = s
                    .extras
                    .get("pmd_xs")
                    .cloned()
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| matrix(&zero_matrix(n)));
                o.insert("xs".into(), xs);
                o.insert("g_fr".into(), matrix(&zero_matrix(n)));
                o.insert("g_to".into(), matrix(&zero_matrix(n)));
                o.insert("b_fr".into(), matrix(&zero_matrix(n)));
                o.insert("b_to".into(), matrix(&zero_matrix(n)));
                if let Some(i_max) = &s.i_max {
                    o.insert("cm_ub".into(), json!(i_max));
                }
                o.insert(
                    "state".into(),
                    json!(if s.open { "OPEN" } else { "CLOSED" }),
                );
                o.insert("dispatchable".into(), json!("YES"));
                o.insert("status".into(), Self::status(&s.extras));
                o.insert(
                    "source_id".into(),
                    json!(format!("line.{}", s.name.to_lowercase())),
                );
                self.time_series_refs(&s.extras, &mut o, &what);
                self.extras_dropped(&s.extras, &[], &what);
                switches.insert(s.name.to_lowercase(), Value::Object(o));
            }
            doc.insert("switch".into(), Value::Object(switches));
        }
    }

    fn loads(&mut self, net: &MulticonductorNetwork, doc: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
        if !net.loads().is_empty() {
            let mut loads = Map::new();
            let buses_by_id = buses_by_id(net);
            for l in net.loads() {
                let mut o = Map::new();
                let what = format!("load {}", l.name);
                let connections = self.conns(&l.terminal_map, &what);
                // PMD types a two terminal load WYE when the return is the
                // bus's grounded neutral and DELTA otherwise.
                let configuration = match l.configuration {
                    Configuration::Delta => "DELTA",
                    Configuration::Wye => "WYE",
                    Configuration::SinglePhase => {
                        let grounded_return = l
                            .terminal_map
                            .last()
                            .zip(
                                buses_by_id
                                    .get(l.bus.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str())
                                    .copied(),
                            )
                            .is_some_and(|(t, b)| b.grounded.contains(t));
                        if grounded_return { "WYE" } else { "DELTA" }
                    }
                };
                o.insert("configuration".into(), json!(configuration));
                o.insert("connections".into(), json!(connections));
                o.insert(
                    "pd_nom".into(),
                    json!(l.p_nom.iter().map(|p| p / 1e3).collect::<Vec<_>>()),
                );
                o.insert(
                    "qd_nom".into(),
                    json!(l.q_nom.iter().map(|q| q / 1e3).collect::<Vec<_>>()),
                );
                o.insert("bus".into(), json!(l.bus.to_lowercase()));
                let mut insert_vm_nom = |v_nom: &[f64]| {
                    if let Some(value) = source_vm_nom(&l.extras, v_nom) {
                        o.insert("vm_nom".into(), value);
                    } else if !v_nom.is_empty() {
                        let value = if v_nom.len() == 1 {
                            json!(v_nom[0] / 1e3)
                        } else {
                            json!(v_nom.iter().map(|v| v / 1e3).collect::<Vec<_>>())
                        };
                        o.insert("vm_nom".into(), value);
                    } else if let Some(kv) = Self::extras_f64(&l.extras, "kv") {
                        o.insert("vm_nom".into(), json!(kv));
                    }
                };
                let nominal_model = l.voltage_model.without_voltage_bounds();
                if matches!(
                    l.voltage_model,
                    DistLoadVoltageModel::BoundedZip { .. }
                        | DistLoadVoltageModel::BoundedExponential { .. }
                        | DistLoadVoltageModel::BoundedConstantPower { .. }
                ) {
                    self.warn(&C::EMIT_PMD_VALUE_SUBSTITUTED, format!("{what}: voltage-band transitions, current limits and dropout have no PMD load-law field; emitted the nominal law"));
                }
                let model = match &nominal_model {
                    DistLoadVoltageModel::BoundedZip { .. }
                    | DistLoadVoltageModel::BoundedExponential { .. }
                    | DistLoadVoltageModel::BoundedConstantPower { .. } => {
                        unreachable!("bounds handled above")
                    }
                    DistLoadVoltageModel::ConstantImpedance { v_nom } => {
                        insert_vm_nom(v_nom);
                        "IMPEDANCE"
                    }
                    DistLoadVoltageModel::ConstantCurrent { v_nom } => {
                        insert_vm_nom(v_nom);
                        "CURRENT"
                    }
                    DistLoadVoltageModel::Zip { v_nom, .. } => {
                        insert_vm_nom(v_nom);
                        "ZIPV"
                    }
                    DistLoadVoltageModel::Exponential { v_nom, .. } => {
                        insert_vm_nom(v_nom);
                        self.warn(&C::EMIT_PMD_VALUE_SUBSTITUTED, format!(
                            "{what}: exponential load model has no ENGINEERING field; emitted POWER"
                        ));
                        "POWER"
                    }
                    DistLoadVoltageModel::ConstantPower { v_nom } => {
                        insert_vm_nom(v_nom);
                        "POWER"
                    }
                };
                o.insert("model".into(), json!(model));
                o.insert("dispatchable".into(), json!("NO"));
                o.insert("status".into(), Self::status(&l.extras));
                o.insert(
                    "source_id".into(),
                    json!(format!("load.{}", l.name.to_lowercase())),
                );
                self.time_series_refs(&l.extras, &mut o, &what);
                self.extras_dropped(&l.extras, &["kv", "model", "pf"], &what);
                loads.insert(l.name.to_lowercase(), Value::Object(o));
            }
            doc.insert("load".into(), Value::Object(loads));
        }
    }

    fn generators(&mut self, net: &MulticonductorNetwork, doc: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
        if !net.generators().is_empty() {
            let mut gens = Map::new();
            for g in net.generators() {
                let mut o = Map::new();
                let what = format!("generator {}", g.name);
                o.insert("bus".into(), json!(g.bus.to_lowercase()));
                o.insert(
                    "connections".into(),
                    json!(self.conns(&g.terminal_map, &what)),
                );
                o.insert(
                    "configuration".into(),
                    json!(match g.configuration {
                        Configuration::Delta => "DELTA",
                        _ => "WYE",
                    }),
                );
                let kw = |w: &[f64]| w.iter().map(|v| v / 1e3).collect::<Vec<_>>();
                o.insert("pg".into(), json!(kw(&g.p_nom)));
                o.insert("qg".into(), json!(kw(&g.q_nom)));
                if let Some(b) = &g.q_min {
                    o.insert("qg_lb".into(), json!(kw(b)));
                }
                if let Some(b) = &g.q_max {
                    o.insert("qg_ub".into(), json!(kw(b)));
                }
                if let Some(b) = &g.p_min {
                    o.insert("pg_lb".into(), json!(kw(b)));
                }
                if let Some(b) = &g.p_max {
                    o.insert("pg_ub".into(), json!(kw(b)));
                }
                if g.cost.is_some() {
                    self.warn(
                        &C::EMIT_PMD_FIELD_DROPPED,
                        format!("{what}: generation cost has no ENGINEERING field; dropped"),
                    );
                }
                // The ENGINEERING generator carries kVA-scale sm_ub/cm_ub;
                // that mapping is a #266 decision, so the drop stays loud.
                for (key, present) in [("s_max", g.s_max.is_some()), ("i_max", g.i_max.is_some())] {
                    if present {
                        self.warn(
                            &C::EMIT_PMD_FIELD_DROPPED,
                            format!(
                                "{what}: `{key}` has no ENGINEERING generator mapping yet; dropped"
                            ),
                        );
                    }
                }
                o.insert("control_mode".into(), json!("FREQUENCYDROOP"));
                o.insert("status".into(), Self::status(&g.extras));
                o.insert(
                    "source_id".into(),
                    json!(format!("generator.{}", g.name.to_lowercase())),
                );
                self.time_series_refs(&g.extras, &mut o, &what);
                self.extras_dropped(&g.extras, &["kv"], &what);
                gens.insert(g.name.to_lowercase(), Value::Object(o));
            }
            doc.insert("generator".into(), Value::Object(gens));
        }
    }

    fn injections(&mut self, net: &MulticonductorNetwork, doc: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
        self.loads(net, doc);
        self.generators(net, doc);
        // Typed capacitor banks convert to ENGINEERING shunts: the nameplate
        // reactive power at the nameplate voltage becomes the susceptance
        // matrix over the bank's own conductors, the same equivalence the
        // admittance builder stamps.
        let mut capacitor_shunts = Map::new();
        for c in net.capacitors() {
            let what = format!("capacitor {}", c.name);
            match capacitor_susceptance(c) {
                Ok(bs) => {
                    let n = bs.len();
                    let mut o = Map::new();
                    o.insert("bus".into(), json!(c.bus.to_lowercase()));
                    o.insert(
                        "connections".into(),
                        json!(self.conns(&c.terminal_map, &what)),
                    );
                    o.insert("gs".into(), matrix(&vec![vec![0.0; n]; n]));
                    o.insert("bs".into(), matrix(&bs));
                    o.insert(
                        "configuration".into(),
                        json!(match c.configuration {
                            Configuration::Delta => "DELTA",
                            _ => "WYE",
                        }),
                    );
                    o.insert("model".into(), json!("CAPACITOR"));
                    o.insert("dispatchable".into(), json!("NO"));
                    o.insert("status".into(), Self::status(&c.extras));
                    o.insert(
                        "source_id".into(),
                        json!(format!("capacitor.{}", c.name.to_lowercase())),
                    );
                    self.time_series_refs(&c.extras, &mut o, &what);
                    self.extras_dropped(&c.extras, &[], &what);
                    capacitor_shunts.insert(c.name.to_lowercase(), Value::Object(o));
                }
                Err(reason) => {
                    self.warn(
                        &C::EMIT_PMD_RECORD_DROPPED,
                        format!("{what}: {reason}; dropped"),
                    );
                }
            }
        }
        if !net.shunts().is_empty() || !capacitor_shunts.is_empty() {
            let mut shunts = capacitor_shunts;
            for s in net.shunts() {
                let mut o = Map::new();
                let what = format!("shunt {}", s.name);
                o.insert("bus".into(), json!(s.bus.to_lowercase()));
                o.insert(
                    "connections".into(),
                    json!(self.conns(&s.terminal_map, &what)),
                );
                o.insert("gs".into(), matrix(&s.g));
                o.insert("bs".into(), matrix(&s.b));
                // A delta bank carries a `conn` marker and an off diagonal B
                // matrix; emitting it as WYE would describe a line to line
                // admittance as line to ground.
                let configuration = if shunt_is_delta(&s.extras) {
                    "DELTA"
                } else {
                    "WYE"
                };
                o.insert("configuration".into(), json!(configuration));
                o.insert("model".into(), json!("CAPACITOR"));
                o.insert("dispatchable".into(), json!("NO"));
                o.insert("status".into(), Self::status(&s.extras));
                o.insert(
                    "source_id".into(),
                    json!(format!("capacitor.{}", s.name.to_lowercase())),
                );
                self.time_series_refs(&s.extras, &mut o, &what);
                self.extras_dropped(&s.extras, &["kv", "kvar", "conn"], &what);
                shunts.insert(s.name.to_lowercase(), Value::Object(o));
            }
            doc.insert("shunt".into(), Value::Object(shunts));
        }

        let mut sources = Map::new();
        for vs in net.sources() {
            sources.insert(vs.name.to_lowercase(), self.voltage_source(vs));
        }
        doc.insert("voltage_source".into(), Value::Object(sources));
    }

    fn voltage_source(&mut self, vs: &VoltageSource) -> Value {
        let mut o = Map::new();
        let what = format!("voltage source {}", vs.name);
        let connections = self.conns(&vs.terminal_map, &what);
        let n = self.bounded_dim(connections.len(), &what);
        o.insert("bus".into(), json!(vs.bus.to_lowercase()));
        o.insert("connections".into(), json!(connections));
        o.insert("configuration".into(), json!("WYE"));
        o.insert(
            "vm".into(),
            json!(vs.v_magnitude.iter().map(|v| v / 1e3).collect::<Vec<_>>()),
        );
        o.insert(
            "va".into(),
            json!(
                vs.v_angle
                    .iter()
                    .map(|a| a.to_degrees())
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            ),
        );
        // Retain explicit PMD source matrices for same-format fidelity.
        // A typed ideal source has no implicit short-circuit impedance: a
        // DSS import already carries its full impedance in a separate line.
        if let (Some(rs), Some(xs)) = (vs.extras.get("rs"), vs.extras.get("xs")) {
            o.insert("rs".into(), rs.clone());
            o.insert("xs".into(), xs.clone());
        } else {
            o.insert("rs".into(), matrix(&zero_matrix(n)));
            o.insert("xs".into(), matrix(&zero_matrix(n)));
        }
        o.insert("status".into(), Self::status(&vs.extras));
        o.insert(
            "source_id".into(),
            json!(format!("vsource.{}", vs.name.to_lowercase())),
        );
        // Nominal voltage and power bases are used by synthesized_settings.
        // Short-circuit hints cannot override the typed ideal constraint.
        self.time_series_refs(&vs.extras, &mut o, &what);
        self.extras_dropped(
            &vs.extras,
            &[
                "basekv",
                "nominal_phase_kv",
                "basemva",
                "pu",
                "rs",
                "xs",
                "configuration",
            ],
            &what,
        );
        Value::Object(o)
    }

    fn transformers(&mut self, net: &MulticonductorNetwork, doc: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
        if net.transformers().is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        let mut out = Map::new();
        for t in net.transformers() {
            out.insert(t.name.to_lowercase(), self.transformer(t));
        }
        doc.insert("transformer".into(), Value::Object(out));
    }

    fn transformer(&mut self, t: &DistTransformer) -> Value {
        let mut o = Map::new();
        let what = format!("transformer {}", t.name);
        let phases = t.phases;

        // The reader's stash carries a source polarity/connections pair the
        // lag convention does not reproduce (euro/lead, reversed windings);
        // emit it verbatim. Otherwise apply the ANSI lag convention the
        // reference dss2eng uses: barrel roll the wye phase conductors
        // under a delta primary and reverse the winding polarity.
        let stashed = t.extras.contains_key("pmd_polarity");
        let mut buses = Vec::new();
        let mut connections: Vec<Value> = Vec::new();
        for (w_idx, w) in t.windings.iter().enumerate() {
            buses.push(json!(w.bus.to_lowercase()));
            let mut c = self.conns(&w.terminal_map, &what);
            if !stashed
                && w_idx > 0
                && t.windings[0].conn == DistWindingConn::Delta
                && w.conn == DistWindingConn::Wye
                && c.len() > 1
            {
                let phases_part = c.len() - 1;
                c[..phases_part].rotate_left(1);
            }
            connections.push(json!(c));
        }
        o.insert("bus".into(), Value::Array(buses));
        o.insert(
            "connections".into(),
            t.extras
                .get("pmd_connections")
                .cloned()
                .unwrap_or(Value::Array(connections)),
        );
        o.insert(
            "polarity".into(),
            t.extras
                .get("pmd_polarity")
                .cloned()
                .unwrap_or_else(|| json!(lag_polarity(&t.windings))),
        );
        o.insert(
            "configuration".into(),
            Value::Array(
                t.windings
                    .iter()
                    .map(|w| {
                        json!(match w.conn {
                            DistWindingConn::Wye => "WYE",
                            DistWindingConn::Delta => "DELTA",
                        })
                    })
                    .collect(),
            ),
        );
        o.insert(
            "rw".into(),
            json!(
                t.windings
                    .iter()
                    .map(|w| w.r_pct / 100.0)
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            ),
        );
        o.insert(
            "xsc".into(),
            json!(t.xsc_pct.iter().map(|x| x / 100.0).collect::<Vec<_>>()),
        );
        o.insert(
            "sm_nom".into(),
            json!(
                t.windings
                    .iter()
                    .map(|w| w.s_rating / 1e3)
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            ),
        );
        o.insert(
            "vm_nom".into(),
            json!(t.windings.iter().map(|w| w.v_ref / 1e3).collect::<Vec<_>>()),
        );
        // A transformer with no windings is degenerate but reachable from
        // untrusted input (a PMD or BMOPF document with the winding array
        // absent), so derive the emergency rating default from the first
        // winding only when one exists rather than indexing unconditionally.
        let sm_ub = Self::extras_f64(&t.extras, "emerghkva")
            .unwrap_or_else(|| t.windings.first().map_or(0.0, |w| w.s_rating / 1e3 * 1.5));
        o.insert("sm_ub".into(), json!(sm_ub));
        insert_tap_fields(&mut o, t, phases);
        if let Some(controls) = t.extras.get("controls") {
            o.insert("controls".into(), controls.clone());
        }
        self.transformer_no_load_fields(t, &mut o, &what);
        o.insert("status".into(), Self::status(&t.extras));
        o.insert(
            "source_id".into(),
            json!(format!("transformer.{}", t.name.to_lowercase())),
        );
        Value::Object(o)
    }
    fn transformer_no_load_fields(
        &mut self,
        t: &DistTransformer,
        o: &mut Map<String, Value>,
        what: &str,
    ) {
        let explicit_shunt = crate::model::transformer_no_load_percentages(t);
        let (loss, imag) = explicit_shunt.unwrap_or_else(|| {
            (
                Self::extras_f64(&t.extras, "%noloadloss").unwrap_or(0.0),
                Self::extras_f64(&t.extras, "%imag").unwrap_or(0.0),
            )
        });
        let noloadloss = loss / 100.0;
        let cmag = imag / 100.0;
        o.insert("noloadloss".into(), json!(noloadloss));
        o.insert("cmag".into(), json!(cmag));
        let mut allowed = vec!["controls", "%loadloss", "%noloadloss", "%imag", "emerghkva"];
        if explicit_shunt.is_some() {
            allowed.push("no_load_shunt");
        }
        self.time_series_refs(&t.extras, o, what);
        self.extras_dropped(&t.extras, &allowed, what);
    }
}

/// The per winding per phase tap arrays. The reader's `pmd_tm_*` stashes
/// win (per phase taps, custom bounds, regulator fix flags); the defaults
/// for the rest are the engine's bounds (0.9..1.1) and step (1/32).
fn insert_tap_fields(o: &mut Map<String, Value>, t: &DistTransformer, phases: usize) {
    let nw = t.windings.len();
    let mut insert = |key: &str, default: fn(&DistTransformer, usize, usize) -> Value| {
        let v = t
            .extras
            .get(&format!("pmd_{key}"))
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| default(t, nw, phases));
        o.insert(key.into(), v);
    };
    insert("tm_set", |t, _, phases| {
        Value::Array(
            t.windings
                .iter()
                .map(|w| json!(vec![w.tap; phases]))
                .collect(),
        )
    });
    insert("tm_fix", |_, nw, phases| {
        Value::Array((0..nw).map(|_| json!(vec![true; phases])).collect())
    });
    insert("tm_lb", |_, nw, phases| {
        Value::Array((0..nw).map(|_| json!(vec![0.9; phases])).collect())
    });
    insert("tm_ub", |_, nw, phases| {
        Value::Array((0..nw).map(|_| json!(vec![1.1; phases])).collect())
    });
    insert("tm_step", |_, nw, phases| {
        Value::Array((0..nw).map(|_| json!(vec![1.0 / 32.0; phases])).collect())
    });
}

/// The ENGINEERING settings for a model without the reader's stash (dss or
/// bmopf sourced), following the dss2eng conventions: the per bus vbase is
/// the source's nominal line to neutral kV without the pu factor folded
/// in, and sbase is basemva in kVA (default 100 MVA).
fn synthesized_settings(net: &MulticonductorNetwork) -> Value {
    let mut settings = Map::new();
    settings.insert("base_frequency".into(), json!(net.base_frequency()));
    settings.insert("power_scale_factor".into(), json!(1000.0));
    settings.insert("voltage_scale_factor".into(), json!(1000.0));
    let sbase = net
        .sources()
        .first()
        .and_then(|vs| Writer::extras_f64(&vs.extras, "basemva"))
        .map_or(100_000.0, |mva| mva * 1e3);
    settings.insert("sbase_default".into(), json!(sbase));
    let mut vbases = Map::new();
    for vs in net.sources() {
        let phases = count_phases(vs).max(1) as f64;
        let vln_kv = Writer::extras_f64(&vs.extras, "nominal_phase_kv").unwrap_or_else(|| {
            Writer::extras_f64(&vs.extras, "basekv").map_or_else(
                || {
                    let pu = Writer::extras_f64(&vs.extras, "pu").unwrap_or(1.0);
                    vs.v_magnitude.first().copied().unwrap_or(0.0) / 1e3 / pu
                },
                |kv| kv / phases.sqrt(),
            )
        });
        vbases.insert(vs.bus.to_lowercase(), json!(vln_kv));
    }
    settings.insert("vbases_default".into(), Value::Object(vbases));
    Value::Object(settings)
}

/// The polarity vector the ANSI lag convention produces for these windings:
/// -1 with a barrel roll on each wye winding under a delta primary, -1 on
/// the reversed second half of a center tap secondary, 1 elsewhere. The
/// reader compares the source against this to decide whether the file's
/// polarity needs an extras stash.
pub(super) fn lag_polarity(windings: &[DistWinding]) -> Vec<i64> {
    let nw = windings.len();
    let mut polarity = vec![1i64; nw];
    for (w_idx, w) in windings.iter().enumerate().skip(1) {
        if windings[0].conn == DistWindingConn::Delta
            && w.conn == DistWindingConn::Wye
            && w.terminal_map.len() > 1
        {
            polarity[w_idx] = -1;
        }
        // Center tap: the second half winding is reversed.
        if w_idx == 2 && nw == 3 && windings[1].terminal_map.last() == w.terminal_map.first() {
            polarity[w_idx] = -1;
        }
    }
    polarity
}

/// Names (lowercased) of linecodes that re-inline on their lines: every
/// referencing line carries the reader's `pmd_inline` marker.
fn inlined_codes(net: &MulticonductorNetwork) -> BTreeSet<String> {
    let mut all_inline = BTreeMap::new();
    for line in net.lines() {
        let inline = line.extras.get("pmd_inline").and_then(Value::as_bool) == Some(true);
        all_inline
            .entry(line.linecode.to_ascii_lowercase())
            .and_modify(|value| *value &= inline)
            .or_insert(inline);
    }
    net.line_codes()
        .iter()
        .filter(|code| all_inline.get(&code.name.to_ascii_lowercase()) == Some(&true))
        .map(|code| code.name.to_lowercase())
        .collect()
}

/// The six ENGINEERING impedance matrices of a linecode, emitted onto a
/// `linecode` entry or re-inlined onto a line. The b_fr/b_to numbers are
/// the dss cmatrix halves in nanofarads per meter (the susceptance follows
/// as 2 pi f C); the model holds true siemens per meter, so divide the
/// omega back out — or emit the reader's raw stash, which is bit exact.
fn insert_impedance_matrices(o: &mut Map<String, Value>, c: &DistLineCode, base_frequency: f64) {
    o.insert("rs".into(), matrix(&c.r_series));
    o.insert("xs".into(), matrix(&c.x_series));
    o.insert("g_fr".into(), matrix(&c.g_from));
    o.insert("g_to".into(), matrix(&c.g_to));
    if let (Some(fr), Some(to)) = (c.extras.get("pmd_b_fr"), c.extras.get("pmd_b_to")) {
        o.insert("b_fr".into(), fr.clone());
        o.insert("b_to".into(), to.clone());
    } else {
        let to_nf = 1.0 / (std::f64::consts::TAU * base_frequency * 1e-9);
        o.insert("b_fr".into(), matrix(&scale(&c.b_from, to_nf)));
        o.insert("b_to".into(), matrix(&scale(&c.b_to, to_nf)));
    }
}

fn count_phases(vs: &VoltageSource) -> usize {
    vs.v_magnitude.iter().filter(|&&v| v > 0.0).count()
}

fn source_vm_nom(extras: &Extras, v_nom: &[f64]) -> Option<Value> {
    let raw = extras.get("kv")?;
    if v_nom.is_empty() {
        return Some(raw.clone());
    }
    if let Some(kv) = raw
        .as_f64()
        .or_else(|| raw.as_str().and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()))
        && v_nom.iter().all(|v| same_voltage(*v, kv * 1e3))
    {
        return Some(json!(kv));
    }
    let vals: Vec<f64> = raw
        .as_array()?
        .iter()
        .filter_map(serde_json::Value::as_f64)
        .collect();
    if vals.len() == 1 && v_nom.iter().all(|v| same_voltage(*v, vals[0] * 1e3)) {
        return Some(raw.clone());
    }
    if vals.len() == v_nom.len()
        && vals
            .iter()
            .zip(v_nom)
            .all(|(a, b)| same_voltage(*b, *a * 1e3))
    {
        return Some(raw.clone());
    }
    None
}

fn same_voltage(a: f64, b: f64) -> bool {
    (a - b).abs() <= 1e-9 * a.abs().max(b.abs()).max(1.0)
}