File clone checking on APFS: https://stackoverflow.com/a/65241088/149482.
On Windows, file cloning appears to be possible with https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winioctl/ni-winioctl-fsctl_duplicate_extents_to_file. The destination file is opened, then the regions of the source file are specified and the clone occurs. It might not be available on NTFS.
For filesystems where cloning is not supported, it should be possible to "fall back" to synchronously reading while a transaction is open, or providing an API to copy out or lock values more efficiently than is usually available.
Here's a list of support https://www.ctrl.blog/entry/file-cloning.html.