def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
return a + b
def subtract(a: int, b: int) -> int:
return a - b
def multiply(a: int, b: int) -> int:
return a * b
def divide(a: int, b: int) -> float:
if b == 0:
raise ValueError("Division by zero")
return a / b
def power(a: int, b: int) -> int:
return a ** b
def is_positive(value: int) -> bool:
return value > 0
def is_even(value: int) -> bool:
return value % 2 == 0
def logical_and(a: bool, b: bool) -> bool:
return a and b
def logical_or(a: bool, b: bool) -> bool:
return a or b
def is_none(value) -> bool:
return value is None
def contains(item, collection) -> bool:
return item not in collection